W. James Jacob

• PhD, University of California, Los Angeles
• Multi-Country General Manager at FamilySearch International

This study explores best practices and roles of information and communication technology (ICT) in select professional development centers at 16 flagship universities. Through adopting a qualitative case study design, this study explores the strengths and weaknesses of current technology training initiatives in the selected professional development...

The cost of higher education continues to escalate at an alarming rate. Public and private funding sources from around the world are increasingly under pressure to reduce allocations toward higher education while at the same time raising outcome expectations. This financial outlook is projected to continue well into the future, and in many instance...

Strategic Transformation of Higher Education examines the broken revenue-driven business model characteristic of higher education in an environment that demands greater access, more affordable tuition, accountable leaders, and faculty who deliver a consistently high quality of relevant education. The authors demonstrate that enduring business model...

There seems to be renewed interest in having universities and other higher education institutions engage with their communities at the local, national, and international levels. But what is community engagement? Even if this interest is genuine and widespread, there are many different concepts of community service, outreach, and engagement. The wid...

Indigenous Education is an edited volume of conceptual chapters and national case studies that includes empirical research based on a series of data collection methods. The book provides up-to-date scholarly research on global trends on three issues of paramount importance with indigenous education—language, culture, and identity. It also offers a...

This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note...

In this chapter we explore the constantly developing range of new and revised pedagogy and teaching methods that are emerging and influenced by the 4th Industrial Revolution, including but in no way limited by new modalities of distance learning, non-formal education, collaborative teaching, interdisciplinary curricula, and so on, with particular a...

This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note...

The chapter focuses on current education reforms in higher education. The chapter analyses and evaluates the ascent of a neo-liberal and neo-conservative higher education policy, globalisation and practices of governance education, global university rankings, internationalization, quality assurance, entrepreneurial and competitive ways of competiti...

The American system of innovation and new knowledge production can best be described as highly decentralized and multipolar; that is, prominent roles are played by business/industry, government, and universities. Most of American university R&D involvement is concentrated in a group of perhaps 200 leading research universities that undertake contra...

The study examined the existing nature and effectiveness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) instruction, relating to pre-service and in-service teachers (PITs) and to pre-service and in-service teacher trainers (PITTs) in Zambia. This study collected data using purposive sampling from a representative sampling of Teacher Training Institutions (T...

African higher education (HE) faces unique financial opportunities and challenges. Government corruption, high unemployment, and limited infrastructure all limit the potential HE has in many areas throughout the continent. But there are areas of progress, especially as technology expands access to rural and remote regions that were once unthinkable...

The purpose of this article is to examine research and teaching trends over the past 30 years in U.S. higher education. While some faculty lean toward teaching and others toward research, often the two areas of intersect in synergistic and complementary ways. The merit of this study is that it is a follow-up of two earlier surveys. Findings include...

Tribal Colleges and Universities in the United States and Ethnic Minority-Serving Institutions in China play a significant role in changing the underrepresented status of American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs) and Chinese Ethnic Minorities (CEMs) in their respective higher education systems. This comparative study of two ethnic minority-servin...

In this chapter, the authors provide a historical overview of the development of comparative and international education societies throughout the earth. In most cases, these societies have gradually grown and continue to thrive; in other cases, some comparative education societies have become dormant and a few no longer exist. A historical analysis...

In this chapter, the authors provide a historical overview of the development of comparative and international education in North America from 1920s to the beginning of the twenty-first century. The authors document the significant role some of the most influential leaders played to help lay the foundation for comparative education societies in Can...

This paper addresses the context in which a national accreditation framework is being established in Zambia. It also outlines the role the Higher Education Authority plays in coordinating this national effort. This paper is informed by two primary data sources. The first is a review of current literature, policy documentation, and other publication...

Mark Bray’s profile is a biographical sketch of his contributions to the field of comparative and international education (CIE). This profile also documents his distinguished career in which he rose to senior leadership positions in higher education and international development organizations including UNESCO. Mark served as President of the World...

The establishment and promotion of professional development centers at higher education institutions (HEIs) play a significant role in building and supporting faculty teaching and research capacity. Although not all universities and colleges assign teaching the same significance that they give to research, there are many best practices of professio...

This volume analyzes the dominance of STEM fields in various university rankings and the reasons why many governments in the world disproportionately give value to STEM fields. Secondly, although there is general agreement that STEM fields are important, chapter authors also examine the role of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches for...

Purpose With roots dating back to the early twentieth century, integrated rural development (IRD) is a term that became commonplace in international development circles in the 1960s and afterwards. Based largely on a dual concept of helping to meet basic needs and improve the overall quality of life of poor people from rural and remote regions wit...

This is a profile of comparative and international education leader Vandra Lea Masemann. It provides a brief biographical background of her upbringing and education in England and Canada while also documenting her notable career as an educator, advocate for comparative and international education, and leader for gender equality in education. This a...

Professor Erwin Epstein’s profile is a biographical sketch of Erwin’s upbringing, education, and contributions in comparative and international education. This profile also documents his distinguished career in which he rose to senior leadership positions in national, regional, and international academic professional organizations in the US and abr...

Southeast Asia and Oceania present daunting geographic barriers for higher education delivery, and include some of the most remote and rural locations on earth. These factors create unique access, equity, and financial challenges for the region. Within this context, we examine good and best practices of six higher education finance models at Brigha...

The cost of higher education (HE) continues to escalate at an alarming rate. Public and private funding sources from around the world are increasingly under pressure to reduce allocations toward HE while at the same time raising outcome expectations. This financial outlook is projected to continue well into the future, and in many instances it is d...

Global trends in higher education financing are in many ways unsustainable under traditional models of higher education financing and delivery. The cost of higher education continues to escalate at an alarming rate in the United States and globally. Public funding sources from around the world are increasingly under pressure to reduce allocations t...

Bilingual education is a governmental strategy in China to simultaneously promote Mandarin and ethnic minority language instruction for ethnic minority students. The aim is twofold. First, through bilingual education, ethnic minority students will be able to preserve their cultural heritage and ethnic identities. Second, bilingual education will en...

The AIDS epidemic has affected every aspect of Zambian society and is recognized as the greatest public health challenge of the past 30 years. Nevertheless, education can generate hope in the face of the epidemic using different methods , including social networks. This article investigates the positive and negative impacts of social networks on th...

This book considers a wide range of key developments and key areas of debate in China’s education system. Marketization, quality assurance, and issues of inequality and gender are all discussed, as are expansion in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors, the impact of globalization, and the influence of education on China’s economic growth. Th...

This is the first profile of comparative and international education leaders that will be included in each forthcoming issue of the Global Comparative Education Journal by the World Council of Comparative Education Societies (WCCES) History Team. Beginning with Anne Hickling-Hudson, this profile provides a brief biographical background of Anne’s up...

The purpose of this study is to compare Korean and Mongol minorities in the People’s Republic of China in terms of their native language preservation and educational experiences at the higher education level, and to investigate differences and similarities between Korean and Mongol minorities’ language issues. Content area experts on Chinese minori...

The purpose of this study is to compare Korean and Mongol minorities in the People’s Republic of China in terms of their native language preservation and educational experiences at the higher education level, and to investigate differences and similarities between Korean and Mongol minorities’ language issues. Content area experts on Chinese minori...

Higher education expansion throughout the Asia Pacific region leads to multiple growth opportunities and challenges at local, national, regional, and global levels. Proactive policy initiatives that strive to increase access to the masses are automatically faced with several social justice issues, including equity, efficiency, and choice. Ultimatel...

Since the 1960s, educational policies have increasingly focused on issues regarding disadvantaged students and their schooling. How to manage the struggles faced by disadvantaged students during their schooling has become a priority that educators and administrators need to consider, especially issues related to afterschool programs. Like the Eleme...

The Taiwan government established a cross-cutting reform agency titled the Council on Education Reform (CER) in September 1994. By 1996 CER had published 45 sponsored research reports, four substantive consultation documents, and one final consultation report on steps needed to reform the education system. In all, 32 recommendations focused on vari...

Family settings that value indigenous languages, cultures, and identities are ideal for language preservation for future generations. Government policies and education reform efforts are also helpful in indigenous language preservation efforts. Some government initiatives make every effort to preserve indigenous languages. In other contexts, there...

Introducing a topic as broad and important as indigenous education is difficult to do in a series of volumes, let alone in a single book. The focus of our book and this chapter is to highlight the interconnectedness of indigenous peoples in families, communities, nation states, and worldwide. We begin by defining foundational key terms (indigenous,...

Documenting and analyzing higher education policy reform trends is difficult to accomplish for any one country, let alone to accomplish on a global level within the limits of a single chapter. I recognize that higher education trends are context-specific and often are tied to the swinging pendulum of political change. Some trends, however, are so s...

In this paper, we offer an organisational analysis of the World Indigenous Nations Higher Education Consortium (WINHEC), aiming especially at achieving nation-building and self-determination for indigenised higher education efforts. We use a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges approach to examine WINHEC’s organisational contributio...

In this chapter we examine several community engagement strategies with higher education institutions (HEIs) worldwide. We begin by defining community engagement in higher education. Next, we look at several different levels of community engagement in higher education, recognizing it occurs at many levels, including international, regional, nationa...

Higher education professional development trends increasingly focus on areas of quality improvement, quality assurance and optimal technology delivery models to achieve academic excellence. World-class universities rely on their faculty professional development centres for an array of professional development programmes to support teaching, researc...

In this chapter, we explore several policy debate topics associated with indigenous education with a focus on the issues of indigenous languages, cultures, and identity. Highly political by nature, the terms indigeneity and indigenous rights are central to most policy debates with direct implications on social justice issues, human rights, and educ...

The knowledge economy requires an adept workforce and cadre of leaders to help address the many challenges and needs facing companies, governments and societies worldwide. Many of the challenges we face today are new and there will undoubtedly be others arise in the future that will require innovative approaches and solutions to overcome them. No l...

Social media has transformed the way in which individuals, groups, businesses, and organizations communicate with each other. The modes and manners in which social media are utilized heavily influence the potential outreach to friends, family members, clients, and other peers within our personal and professional networks. Social media has swept acr...

There has been a resurgence of interest in comparative and international research on teacher education that has been driven, in large part, by the emergence over the past two decades of comprehensive international studies of student achievement supported by (1) the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Programme for Interna...

Higher education professional development trends increasingly focus on areas of quality improvement, quality assurance, and optimal technology delivery models. Whether the focus be on improving the quality of research, teaching, and/or student learning, the most effective professional development programs emphasize the importance of academic excell...

Since the publication of the 2nd Edition of this Reader in 2001, there has been a large increase in the amount of research and scholarly publication on issues of higher education finance. This is not surprising, given the pattern of decreased public funding and increased student cost over this period. Strategic planning and its relationship to budg...

Many scholars agree that there should exist a three-fold mission of research, teaching, and service for all higher education faculty members (Altbach, Berdahl, & Gumport, 1994; Astin, 1972; Chen, 2002; Clark, 1973; Hawkins, 2001; Henkel, 2000; Kerr, 1995). Together, these three pillars form a unique identity the work expected of most faculty member...

This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by W. James Jacob, University of Pittsburgh; Simeon Mbewe and Harrison Daka, University of Zambia and Chitanda Rhodwell, RTS Zambia. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Age...

In this article, we provide an in-depth organizational analysis of the World Indigenous Nations Higher Education Consortium (WINHEC) through its global strategies in achieving nation building and self-determination for indigenized higher education efforts. We identify four theories from the literature used by WINHEC in its operations, and propose t...

This special issue of Frontiers of Education in China is comprised of six articles from ten authors and co-authors who document several new trends in Chinese higher education. Many of the contributors include an analysis of how government policy, globalization, and internationalization have helped shape these trends over time. Many of the trends id...

Professional organizations exist to provide specialized networking and development opportunities to a specific profession, group of individuals or field of study. These organizations are generally broad in scope and may have a wide range of interests among its members. To support specialized research and communication, smaller subgroups within the...

In this paper, we offer an organisational analysis of the World Indigenous Nations Higher Education Consortium (WINHEC), aiming especially at achieving nation-building and self-determination for indigenised higher education efforts. We use a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges approach to examine WINHEC's organisational contributio...

As important as it is in corporations and public organizations, leadership is integral to effectively managing teachers, staff members, and providing quality education to students. Schools with strong leadership tend to be more resource-efficient, have more robust human networks, and are more adept at responding to extreme conditions. Leadership in...

This study examines attitudes of students, teachers, and administrators about HIV education in Ugandan secondary schools. Results indicated significant differences between these groups regarding perspectives about sexuality, transmission of HIV, and AIDS stigma. Behavioral assessment indicated low prevalence of high-risk activities among students,...

An increasing number of migrant children are involved in public education due largely to the policy for migrant children education outlined by the Government of China from the late 1990s. In this article, we describe the unique and often difficult situation rural migrant children face after they enter urban public schools. Drawing from the Theory o...

The global phenomenon of higher educational expansion and opportunity is one of the major social changes since World War II. In 1949, only 1 university and 3 junior colleges existed in Taiwan. After 60 years, the number of higher education institutions had grown to 163, including 147 universities/colleges and 16 junior colleges. The dialectic betwe...

This chapter addresses three trends higher education trends in Indonesia: (1) quality, (2) autonomy, and (3) distance learning. It also examines current challenges facing higher education in Indonesia, including (1) financial challenges, (2) the need for greater quality assurance, (3) technology challenges, (4) establishing sustainable partnerships...

This chapter examines a number of global higher education trends in the comparative, international, and development education literature. Several case study examples are provided from multiple geographic regions, including Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Documenting and analysing higher education policy reform trends is difficult to accomplish f...

Comprised of over 17,000 islands that form an archipelago reaching from Southeast Asia to Australia, Indonesia has perhaps the most diverse and difficult higher education environment when it comes to issues of access, equity, and delivery of curriculum.1 Meeting the needs of such an enormous country spread across so many islands, with hundreds of d...

An ad hoc committee (SIG Review Committee) was formed with an aim to study the status of 18 Special Interest Groups (SIGs) of the Comparative and International Education Society (CIES) from 2010-2011. The main objectives of the SIG Review Committee included: (1) to survey CIES membership and leaders to gain insights on possible ways of improvements...

This volume celebrates and extends the scholarship of Rolland G. Paulston through a collection of essays and research studies reflecting the thoughtful approaches to the study of comparative education that he modeled, both literally and figuratively. Esther Gottlieb (2009), one of Paulston’s former doctoral students, has written about the various d...

This is the inaugural volume in the PSCIE (Pittsburgh Studies in Comparative and International Education) Series which expands on the life work of University of Pittsburgh professor Rolland G. Paulston (1929-2006). Recognized as a stalwart in the field of comparative and international education, Paulston's most widely recognized contribution is soc...

Theory building is an on-going process, a journey often undertaken by individuals and collective groups of scholars, practitioners, and policy makers. While theories often differ in their degree of validity, all theories “are associated with different truth effects” and comparative, international, and development education (CIDE) cannot “afford to...

The field of comparative, international, and development education (CIDE) has a long and distinguished history, and it now occupies a prominent place in the pantheon of knowledge in most universities worldwide. Numerous societies exist in as many countries, and a World Congress of Comparative Education Societies represents a sort of umbrella organi...

Changes in travel, communication, and technology have continuously brought our world closer together. These changes have escalated in recent centuries and especially in the latter-part of the twentieth century and continue at a rapid pace at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Communicable diseases that were at one time contained within geog...

The complementary areas of comparative, international, and development education occupy a critical part of the landscape in educational policy debates in a global context. This volume brings together a distinguished group of international scholars and practitioners who focus on key policy issues in a variety of national settings throughout the regi...

The goal of this study is to investigate factors that influence minorities’ access to higher education, taking ethnic Koreans’ case in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the context of rapid globalization and mar-ketization. Geographical proximity to the land of origin and a relatively short history of immigration are some of the factors that...

This article is based on a study carried out at ten Chinese universities and analyzes ways in which the global market economy has transformed Chinese higher education. It also identifies potential problems and provides possible solutions to this economic transition. In the first section of the article, we provide a brief review of the Chinese socia...

Analysis of in-depth, qualitative interviews with students, faculty, and administrators shows that Chinese minorities face substantial obstacles in higher education access. The article identifies several factors that limit ethnic minority student access - including background education, limited government funding, and low entrance examination score...

Changes in travel, communication, and technology have continuously brought our world closer together. These changes have escalated in recent centuries and especially in the latter-part of the twentieth century and continue at a rapid pace at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Communicable diseases that were at one time contained within geog...

This document has been developed as a practice-based primer on providing support to policy dialogue. It acknowledges the different approaches to policy analysis, and seeks to identify some guidelines for effective policy dialogue support based on international best practices and lessons learned from the EQUIP2 project experience. Policy dialogue se...

This State-of-the-Art Knowledge in Education Series policy brief provides an overview of secondary education in international contexts, the issues currently driving reform, and some examples of recent reform efforts, the rationale behind them, and lessons learned. While the content of each section covers a range of issues currently shaping secondar...

This article examines the teacher preparation experiences of preservice teachers in six international contexts: China, Fiji, Kiribati, Mexico, Samoa, and Tonga. More specifically, it looks at the value-added components in an international teacher education program, with an emphasis on effective teaching and employability. Theoretically the study is...

Education programmes that address HIV are increasingly necessary in emergency, conflict and post-conflict (ECPC) contexts. A wide range of social, cultural, and political factors influence the prevention and treatment of HIV in such contexts. We begin this article with a description of each context, drawing on a review of recently published literat...

Perhaps no one else has had a greater influence in coordinating HIV education efforts on a global scale than Peter K. Piot. Born in 1949 in Leuven, Belgium, Piot grew up in Keerbergen, a small farm town about 24 km from Brussels, where he received an excellent educational foundation in science, as is common in the Belgian education system. He left...

Researchers have documented decades of HIV and AIDS education programmes; countless programmes have been institutionalized in many countries. But the level of their success varies. The fact that a government includes HIV and AIDS education in its national curriculum does not necessarily mean that the programme contains the most appropriate messages...

Four major topics or overarching themes were identified at this year’s Workshop: 1. institutional and social responsibilities; 2. tighter fiscal constraints and increased accountability (especially in the aftermath of the global financial crisis and recovery period); 3. identification and establishment of four principles of good governance: coordi...

Several leading development agencies had posited education and equity as key themes at the onset of the 21st century. The United Nation's Millennium Development Goal (MDG) No.2 “Achieve Universal Primary Education” and MDG No.3 “Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women” are devoted to educational attainment and equity on a global level. UNESCO's I...

In this concluding chapter, we return to a persistent question in the study of education inequality that asks about its relationship with student learning. The question could be formulated in a variety of ways but our summarizing choice is this: what impact, if any, do costly efforts to achieve an equal distribution of school completion rates have...

Uganda is a landlocked country in Eastern Africa with a total population in 2006 of 29.9 million and one of the highest annual population growth rates in the world at 3.2% (World Bank, 2008). Over 80% of Ugandans derive their livelihood from the agricultural sector. Uganda has obtained recent milestones in its national education development, includ...

One of the global educational challenges is the increasing demand for higher education often in an environment of scarcity. Nowhere is this truer than in China with a large population and a general recognition that the road to success lies in being admitted to one of its relatively few universities, most of which are located on the coastal or near...

The key factors that pushed College English in China to the stage of transformation are: globalization, student challenges, expansion of enrollment and primary and high school coordination challenge. The theoretical frameworks should cover the concepts of communicative competence, the learning-centered approach and learner autonomy. It then describ...

Possessing the world’s largest education system and potentially largest national higher education subsector, China merits the attention of global scholars, policy makers, educators, and investors. Chinese higher education institutions (HEIs) are surrounded by, and interact with, a local and global environment, which is virtually everything outside...