Vytautas Paulauskas

Klaipėda University · Marine technology and nature science

When mooring a ship near the quay, it is important to monitor its speed at the time of contact with the quay to ensure the safe execution of the mooring operation. During mooring, the speed of the ship must not exceed specified values; therefore, it is very important to have the possibility to measure it with high accuracy and its appropriate adjus...

Harbour tugs are usually used to moor ships if large ships do not have their own additional propulsion devices (thrusters). Alternatively, during ship loading operations, ships sometimes have to be transferred from one quay to another, and in some cases, port users (shipping companies or other companies) have to pay for port tug services. In such c...

A large amount of cargo is transported between European and Southeast Asian countries. Ships sometimes take different routes when sailing between ports due to the best commercial speed; navigational, economical, and hydrometeorological conditions; and political and military situations. Several routes are available for sailing between Europe and Sou...

Intermodal terminals and warehouses operate in different countries and deliver specific services to their customers. For many clients, it is important to receive a full set of the logistics services delivered by a single operator. However, individual intermodal terminals and warehouses may face challenges with providing these services, e.g., just-i...

Turning ships in port turning basins is an important and responsible operation, mainly involving the ship itself and the port tugboats. Such operations involve many maneuvers that consume a lot of energy (fuel) and emit a lot of emissions. Turning basins in harbors and quay approaches are, in most cases, relatively shallow. This paper examines the...

Turning ships in port turning basins is an important and responsible operation, mainly involving the ship itself and the port tugs. Such operations involve many maneuvers that consume a lot of energy (fuel) and emit a lot of emissions. Turning basins in harbors and quay approaches are in most cases relatively shallow. The paper examines the turning...

In many ports, the ship's speed is limited for the safety of navigation. At the same time, ship captains and port pilots choose the speed of the ship, but not higher than the permitted speed of the ship in the port, therefore the speed of the ship also depends on the experience of the ship captains and port pilots and the sailing conditions of the...

Construction work or other maintenance and repair activities in navigational channels are crucial to ensure and improve ships’ movement on the selected routes. However, during the performance of these works, the ships’ navigation along the construction area becomes more difficult due to the decreased parameters of passages for vessels and the opera...

The safety of shipping, energy consumption and environmental impact in ports and port channels is very critical. One of the most important elements in the provision of safe navigation, energy consumption and emissions generation is the depth of ports so that under all conditions the hull of a ship does not touch the bottom of the channels or the bo...

Navigational channels and approaches to ports may have bends that constitute the specific sailing conditions for ships. A vessel’s entrance into a bend and its safe passing depends on the ship’s position accuracy, turn angle, and internal and external forces influencing the ships, as well as the captain’s or pilot’s experience. In order to assure a...

Optimization transportation cargo and passengers between ports and regions are very important, because industrial regions are located some distance from ports. The demand for energy request for the movement of transport is a necessity in the modern world. Transport and activity called transportation are used daily, everywhere, and a lot of energy i...

Today different transport modes use to deliver cargo between regions, from ports to final destination location or visa-versa. It is quite common to use road transport, which can deliver cargo "from door to door" but road transport causes big environmental impact. Considering alternative possibilities (road, railway and/or inland waterway transport)...

Nowadays, ports are actively seeking ways to improve their safety and operational activity. An essential driver in this context is digitalisation. Since seaports are also key actors for the sustainable development of coastal regions, it is important that they transform into smart port ecosystems. Hence, the automation and digitisation of ports' ope...

Currently, seaports are actively searching for methods and ways to improve their operational efficiency. Digitalization is considered as one of the main directions of current ports’ development. Ports’ digitalization levels are varied and may depend on different factors, including port size, traditions, turnover and handled cargo type, etc. Ports o...

Small and medium-sized ports (SMSPs) in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) are caught in a dilemma of less financial support by the European funding programmes due to their peripheral position in the TEN-T Core Network. Most of the BSR ports belong to the TEN-T Comprehensive Network, which is rationally less important in the topical financial, infrastruct...

Port tugs are an important element in port activity and navigational safety issues. Port tugs ensure the safety of big ships while they are entering, manoeuvring, mooring and unmooring, and are of huge importance during other port operations. At the same time, optimizing the number of port tugs and tug bollard pull is also important from a port nav...

Small and medium-sized ports (SMPs) in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) are caught in a dilemma of less financial support by the European funding programmes due to their peripheral position in the TENT Core Network. Most of the BSR ports belong to the TENT Comprehensive Network, which is rationally less important in the topical financial, infrastructura...

Ro-Ro and Ro-Pax ships works on basis of regular schedule and try keep this schedule as accurate as possible. In same time difficulties during Ro-Ro and Ro-Pax ships voyages like bad weather conditions, waiting time to entry in to port, ship's failures and others, sometime request more time as it was planned initially. Ro-Ro and Ro-Pax ships arriva...

Nowadays great attention is being paid to the ecological aspects of maritime transport functioning, including the problem of pollution and emission of poisonous substances from ships. Such emissions have a significant impact on the environment and sustainable operation of ports, especially those located close to intensive waterways. A decrease in e...

There is a number of ports where approach or inside navigation channels are located close to the quay walls. In difficult hydrometeorological conditions appropriate speed of ship is needed to keep proper ship’s steering while passing through channel. The ships that pass near the quay walls with high speed create high interaction forces on moored sh...

An approach channel to the port is a very important part of port infrastructure ensuring navigational safety of the ships entering and departing the port. Various methods used for determining the width of the approach channel to the port provide different results. Sometimes, variations are significant and make difficulties in arriving at the correc...

As an alternative to traditional fuel and energy source LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) has many advantages, such as lower emissions while providing a means of energy for trucks, trains and ships. In focusing on the maritime transport sector the reasons for using LNG make a convincing business case, but lead to many discussions on LNG investments. The...

An extended number of international and/or national policies/regulations call for major improvements in contemporary energy consumption patterns (energy efficiency). A faster transition to sustainable energy production, as well as the introduction of various measures to improve the maritime industry’s environmental performance is also included in s...

The increasing demand for Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) is causing many challenges for users and suppliers worldwide. Though there is strong interest in using LNG, the research published in this paper indicates there are challenges in developing adequate delivery and distribution chains within the supply chain. Ideally, LNG distribution chains should be...

The increasing demand for Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) is causing many challenges for users and suppliers worldwide. Though there is strong interest in using LNG, the research published in this paper indicates there are challenges in developing adequate delivery and distribution chains within the supply chain. Ideally, LNG distribution chains should be...

Quay walls or jetties in some ports or certain places of the ports are located in such a way that currents act at a particular angle to quay walls or jetties. Additional forces created by currents on mooring or moored ships as well as other forces produced by the wind, waves or shallow water effect should be taken in account when designing quay wal...

In some ports terminals were created 40 or even more years ago and until now work very intensively. Dur-ing a long time exploitation of the quay walls, their stabil-ity and strength decrease and it is necessary to replace the existing quay walls: to renovate them or build new ones, however, there are some space or investments limitations, delayed d...

International and national policies and regulations call for faster transition to sustainable energy production and use. Within the shipping industry one way forward is the use of LNG. Despite being of fossil origin LNG is considered to be an important step towards cleaner shipping given the better properties of the exhausts. This paper will presen...

Ship mooring in adverse conditions is very important for ports and terminals, which work with big ships and ships with big wind surface areas what as a result create high hydrodynamic and aerodynamic forces on a ship and quay wall mooring systems. Traditional ship mooring systems are safe, but quay wall mooring systems sometimes are not capable eno...

A number of ports are located close to cities or have other limitations on approaching areas of water. The optimization of the port and the use of possible areas of water are linked with the maximum number of the ships that could enter the port. The main factor considered in the presented study is the potential possibilities of water areas used for...

The report in hand discusses LNG-related knowledge and competence development in the South Baltic Sea Region (SBSR). In exploring LNG-related knowledge and competence development patterns in the region concerned, the study has built upon the methodological framework generated for the analysis purposes to reflect LNG-related knowledge development ca...

Hydrodynamic interactions between ships in narrow channels are important for studying purposes and practical tasks. The paper presents a theoretical basis for the interaction between ships in narrow channels to evaluate reciprocal actions between ships, the experimental results of real ships and data received applying calibrated simulators. The the...

The width of a navigational channel is a very important issue for navigational safety, and therefore is calculated on the basis of ship parameters and surroundings. Research on the passes of navigating ships under different conditions is crucial for navigational safety in ports etc. The evaluation of the width of navigational channels under certain...

Ports territories are extremely expensive and it is very important to utilize port's territory very intensive. Port land and water territory is used for infrastructure and superstructure constructions. The main infrastructure element in port are quay walls. Quay walls should be constructed taking in account navigational safety in quay wall area. In...

Emergency conditions in a port request special precaution measures taken by ships when in the majority of cases they necessitate leaving port waters in the shortest time. Good management, awareness and timely actions can help with avoiding difficulties encountered by ships under emergency conditions at ports. The conducted research suggested in the...

Weak quay walls constructions and accidents with the quay walls rice problems for the terminals and on busy quay walls, which very often are necessary, to continue operations. Different methods and models of the quay walls loads and forces calculation and evaluation, especially of the emergency quay walls, allow to correct actions for the quay wall...

Ro - Ro shipping network in the Baltic Sea has more density as any other seas of the World. Industrial Countries located around the Baltic Sea are developing energy, chemical, construction and other industries, which use a lot of big and heavy elements. Ro - Ro vessels can decrease big and heavy cargo transportation costs and time. In this Article...

Oversize cargo transportation is important for the upgrade of many sectors of economy, especially Energy and Chemical industries, which request a great deal of oversize cargo for renovation and construction. Oversize transport through port terminals and roads that were not arranged during construction period require much research and development wh...

Tug assistance in ports for increasing ship maneuverability, mooring and unmooring operations is a very important issue. New tugs are given increased possibilities; nevertheless, at the same time, work methods for tugs, including advantages and disadvantages must be carefully studied, evaluated and practically applied. The article presents the res...

In Oversize cargo deliveries, transportation from Sea ports to the end users encounter certain water barriers en route like rivers, lakes etc, where it is impossible to make use of existing bridges and viaducts. Pontoon systems can thus offer a viable assistance in passage of rivers and other water barriers. The Article presents a methodology for p...

All ports and a number of waterways have straits to optimize investments in developing such systems reaching the maximum results with minimum expenditures. New high accuracy port navigational systems have a possibility of high precision ship positioning and any time should guarantee shipping safety in port waters which makes a good basis for the op...

Container traffic grew very fast and many ports have prepared infrastructure and superstructure for the container vessels. During the last decade, many of Eastern Baltic ports container terminals started working with container vessels and in the same time looked for the bigger container vessels with limited possible investments [1]. In many ports a...

Ships' parameters have increased in the biggest part of ship building and ship repairing yards. There are installed bigger floating docks in the yards, but in the same time water areas and channels are still left the same or in some cases -decreased water areas close to dry and floating docks. New ships maneuvering possibilities and new types of tu...

Ports and terminals open to prevailing winds can cause problems to moored ships with a high freeboard. Such ships, i.e. ship and berth mooring systems, have to deal with significant aerodynamic loads.This paper addresses the theoretical approach of the influence of aerodynamic loads on a mooring system for ship and investigates whether windscreens...

Single point mooring (SPM) is used when typical port facilities cannot be applied. Offshore platforms and terminals producing oil and gas are the places where SPM can be employed. Accidents with SPM equipment and ships occurring during loading or unloading operations are very dangerous and may cause serious losses due to the high prices of tankers...

This paper presents the main tools of Sea Motorways as an important part of the logistics chain and can be used presented methodically as a framework for designing logistics or supply chains along with sea motorways. Various factors influencing the choice of logistics chains with sea motorway part are described. The methodology of evaluating sea mo...

Review of monograph is presented. Publisher - Publishing House "Technika" of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. Monograph is published in Lithuanian.

This paper describes new methodology of creating the criteria for assessing navigational risk. Various factors influencing the navigational risk assessment are described. The method of calculating and evaluating ship risk probability is presented in this paper. Practical methods of ship navigational risk probability and assessment with the explanat...

This paper describes new methodology of creating the criteria for assessing navigational risk. Various factors influencing the navigational risk assessment are described. The method of calculating and evaluating ship risk probability is presented in this paper. Practical methods of ship navigational risk probability and assessment with the explanat...

This paper presents an analysis of oil and oil product transportation via Eastern Baltic ports and a methodology for the navigational risk assessment evaluation and navigational risk probability calculation, provides practical calculations and gives explanation into the real situation and risk assessment for the concrete Eastern Baltic ports.

Transport infrastructure development is based on cargo and passenger flows and the use of new technologies and technique can increase transport safety, optimize time of construction and decrease costs. Some of the new technologies of port infrastructure development and quality control technique and methods are presented in the paper. First Publish...

Transport infrastructure development is based on cargo and passenger flows and the use of new technologies and technique can increase transport safety, optimize time of construction and decrease costs. Some of the new technologies of port infrastructure development and quality control technique and methods are presented in the paper.

The article analyses the changes of cargo flow structures, the distribution by overseas regions and their potential impact on port development. The analysis on how the cargo type and transit regions influence on the vessel capacity has been carried out. A view on the general range of ship size employed on the Baltic is given. The potential of the K...

The article analyses the changes of cargo flow structures, the distribution by overseas regions and their potential impact on port development. The analysis on how the cargo type and transit regions influence on the vessel capacity has been carried out. A view on the general range of ship size employed on the Baltic is given. The potential of the K...

The article investigates technical, economical and organizational possibilities to enter the Baltic ports for container ships as the result of economic globalization and the increase of transcontinental container transportation. First Published Online: 19 Oct 2011

The article investigates technical, economical and organizational possibilities to enter the Baltic ports for container ships as the result of economic globalization and the increase of transcontinental container transportation.