Volker Bittrich

Background and Aims Herbaria are the most important source of information for plant taxonomic work. Resources and technologies available today, such as digitized collections and herbarium DNA sequencing, can help accelerate taxonomic decisions in challenging plant groups. Here we employ an integrative methodology relying exclusively on herbarium sp...

In this work, 17 lectotypifications are proposed for names related to Rhynchospora section Pauciflorae Kük. The lectotypifications are part of a nomenclatural revision of the section, which has not been revised since its creation by Kükenthal in 1949. Protologues and nomenclatural types were consulted online, in physical herbaria, or in libraries....

We describe, discuss, and illustrate Dichorisandra flesheri, a new species endemic to the Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia state, Brazil, based on field and herbarium studies. The species was assessed as 'Endangered', especially for its restricted distribution and differs strongly from other species of the genus by a set of characters that include...

Vismia is a neotropical genus and in Brazil it is currently represented by 30 species. Along with the study of the species that occur in this country, we assessed the nomenclatural questions involved with their names, and a first part of these results are presented. Twelve lectotypes, including one as a second-step, were designated for correct name...

Commelinaceae is an important component of the Atlantic Forest and its analysis can provide information on the conservation of that species. This study had the objective of analyzing the phenology and floral and reproductive biology of Dichorisandra rhizantha, growing in an Atlantic Forest fragment, to obtain data related to the form of reproductio...

We describe, discuss, and illustrate Dichorisandra rhizantha, a new species from a transitional area between the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga domains in eastern Bahia state, Brazil. The species was assessed as Endangered, especially for its distribution restricted to forest fragments. The new species is morphologically similar to D. hirtella, D. ra...

A complete chloroplast genome is not yet available for numerous species of plants. Among the groups that lack plastome information is the clusioid clade (Malpighiales), which includes five families: Bonnetiaceae, Calophyllaceae, Clusiaceae, Hypericaceae, and Podostemaceae. With around 2200 species, it has few published plastomes and most of them ar...

Tovomitopsis Planch. & Triana is a Brazilian Atlantic Forest endemic genus composed of two species: T. paniculata (Spreng.) Planch. & Triana and T. saldanhae Engl. An investigation was conducted to clarify the nomenclatural history of Tovomitopsis. We report the results of this investigation, provide an updated description of the genus, and propose...

A new species of Clusia (sect. Phloianthera) from the Amazon is described and illustrated. Species belonging to the sect. Phloianthera occur mainly in southeastern Brazil and Clusia nascimentojuniorii is the fourth species of the section found and registered in the Amazon region. We provide here a table with the major differences between Clusia nas...

As a result of taxonomic studies on the genus Neomarica Sprague (Trimezieae, Iridoideae, Iridaceae), we noted that some names remain untypified, or were incorrectly typified. Thus, we here designate lectotypes for N. candida (Hassl.) Sprague, N. heloisamariae Occhioni, and N. silvestris (Vell.) Chukr, neotypes for N. itatiaica (Ravenna) A. Gil, N....

We provide typifications and taxonomic notes for Neomarica humilis and some related species, to retain the taxonomic stability in Neomarica (Trimezieae, Iridaceae). We recognize Cypella humilis, the basionym of N. humilis, as a replacement name for the illegitimate Marica humilis, and N. vittata as a superfluous illegitimate name. We discuss the id...

Cryptangieae is a monophyletic tribe, as asserted in a recent molecular hypothesis, but there are questions about the circumscription and relationships of its genera. We enlarged the sampling of the tribe diversity, including about 80% of known species, and provide new analyses using single and combined matrices from two chloroplast (rbcL and trnL-...

Two new shrubby species of Clusia sect. Cordylandra are described and illustrated. The male flower of Clusia nogueirae presents an androecium forming a conical volcano-like synandrium around a well-developed pistillode covered with resin. The male flower of Clusia ibiapabensis, on the other hand, presents an androecium of free claviform stamens, fo...

Introduction August Weberbauer was a German botanist, naturalist and university professor. He was born in Breslau on 26 November 1871 and died on 16 January 1948 in Lima (Peru). A few years after obtaining his doctorate degree at the University of Berlin, Germany (under the supervision of A. Engler [Stafleu & Cowan 1988]), Weberbauer made his first...

In the Clusia criuva Cambess. species complex, the two subspecies C. criuva subsp. parviflora Vesque and C. criuva subsp. criuva can only be distinguished on the basis of stamen/staminode morphology and geographical occurrence. Despite being recently restructured, taxonomic relationships in this complex remain unclear. Therefore, to illuminate the...

Although a comprehensive taxonomic treatment of the genus Clusia in the Venezuelan Guayana was published 20 years ago, much taxonomic work remains to be done regarding the genus in the region, including description of new species. In this paper we describe and illustrate five new species of Clusia sect. Oedematopus (Clusia dickinsoniana, C. donramo...

As the result of a taxonomic project on Neomarica, we describe and illustrate a new species, Neomarica kollmannii, and propose ten new synonyms for six species of the genus: N. altivallis, N. glauca, N. caerulea, N. longifolia, N. imbricata and N. sabinei. We also designate lectotypes for four accepted species and five new synonyms, and neotypes fo...

Popularmente conhecido como lacre, Vismia (Hypericaceae) é um gênero relativamente pouco estudado e que necessita de investigações detalhadas sobre caracteres diagnósticos que permitam distinguir suas espécies. No âmbito dos estudos morfológicos e taxonômicos em curso sobre o gênero, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos analisar e caracterizar a...

Neste texto, pretende-se transmitir aos leitores a sofisticação da química envolvida na interação entre os organismos de um ecossistema. Muito embora os seres humanos gostem de atribuir a si próprios a exclusividade do uso da química, os exemplos que serão abordados nesta matéria indicam claramente que a realidade está longe de ser esta.

The apolar fractions components of fruit latex of twelve species of Clusia belonging to four different taxonomic sections were examined by GC-MS. The latex of Clusia is characterised by large amounts of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as major constituents like germacrene D: C. paralicola (44.28 %), C. criuva subsp. criuva (29.03 %); β-caryophyllene: C....

A new species of Calophyllaceae, Kielmeyera fatimae R. J. Trad, from the Brazilian state Espírito Santo, is presented here; a complete description and illustrations are provided. The species is the second in the genus with small flowers in the Atlantic Forest; it is compared with the most similar species, K. rufotomentosa Saddi. Its conservation st...

Trimezieae is a Neotropical tribe of Iridaceae. It is widely distributed in Central and South America with species diversity centered on Brazil. Previous studies have consistently found that although the tribe itself is monophyletic, as currently recognized three of the four genera within it are not. Using an enlarged sampling of taxa, molecular ma...

RESUMO São apresentadas as espécies de Hypericaceae registradas para a Reserva Ducke, Estado do Amazonas, incluindo chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, comentários sobre distribuição geográfica e hábitats. A família está representada na área por cinco espécies do gênero Vismia: Vismia cauliflora, V. cayennensis, V. guianensis, V. japur...

Trimezieae is a Neotropical tribe of Iridaceae. It is widely distributed in Central and South America with species diversity centered on Brazil. Previous studies have consistently found that although the tribe itself is monophyletic, as currently recognized three of the four genera within it are not. Using an enlarged sampling of taxa, molecular ma...

During the continuous production of the "Catálogo de plantas e fungos do Brasil" (2010), some new combinations under Garcinia were proposed; however, they are invalid, since the respective basionyms were not indicated. Here, we propose the validation of the name Garcinia leptophylla Bittrich, a new name proposed for Rheedia longifolia Planch. & Tri...

Based on a revision of Dichorisandra (Commelinaceae), this work proposes new synonyms and designates types for 14 species that occur in Brazil. Comments on the taxonomy, nomenclature, and the distribution and habitats occupied by each of these species are provided.

We endorse the tribal status of Cryptangieae and discuss its most probable sister-group based on phylogenetic analyses using rbcL, trnL-trnL-trnF and ITS sequences. Cryptangieae were poorly sampled in previous molecular phylogenies of Cyperaceae: only three of about 50 species were sampled and all of them are currently included in the genus Lagenoc...

Five new species of Caraipa endemic to the Venezuelan Guayana are here described and illustrated. Three species are endemic to the Amazonas state: Caraipa acutata, endemic to the Guainía river; Caraipa cordifolia, endemic to the Parú tepui; and Caraipa yutajensis, endemic to the Yutaje tepui. Two species are endemic to Bolívar state: Caraipa kubitz...

Vismia conduplicata, a new species of Hypericaceae from Mato Grosso state, Brazil, is described and illustrated. It is associated to "campos de murundus", a kind of Cerrado physiognomy with woody plants growing on earth mounds, in a grassland matrix. The species was included in Vismia sect. Trianthera, based on the number of stamens per stamen fasc...

This comprehensive treatment of the flowering plant family Pittosporaceae (9 genera, ca. 250 spp.) provides relevant information on its morphology, anatomy, phytochemistry, ecology, biogeography and phylogeny. It also provides an identification key to and concise descriptions of the accepted genera. Important synonyms are listed and references to r...

This volume covers the orders Apiales (Asterids I) and Gentianales (except Rubiaceae; Asterids II). It is the last of five volumes to (almost) complete the treatment of the Asterids in this series after publication of Vols. VI (Cornales, Ericales, 2004), VII (Lamiales, 2004), VIII (Asterales, 2007) and XIV (Aquifoliales, Boraginales, Bruniales, Dip...

The present volume of this book series completes the treatment of the Asterids. Asterids are now contained in Vols. VI (Cornales, Ericales, 2004), VII (Lamiales, 2004), VIII (Asterales, 2007), XIV (Aquifoliales, Boraginales, Bruniales, Dipsacales, Escalloniales, Garryales, Paracryphiales, Solanales, Icacinaceae, Metteniusaceae, Vahliaceae, 2016) an...

We report a floristic survey of the species of Clusiaceae s.l. (Calophyllaceae, Clusiaceae s.s., and Hypericaceae) in the Viruá National Park (Roraima, Brazil). The fieldwork was conducted between 2009 and 2015 and covered the different vegetation types found in the park. Calophyllaceae is represented by two genera and three species, Clusiaceae s.s...

Significance Large floristic datasets that purportedly represent the diversity and composition of the Amazon tree flora are being widely used to draw conclusions about the patterns and evolution of Amazon plant diversity, but these datasets are fundamentally flawed in both their methodology and the resulting content. We have assembled a comprehensi...

A new species of Genlisea section Genlisea from the white-sand savannas (“campinaranas”) of Brazilian Amazon is described and illustrated, providing remarks on habitat and ecology as well as SEM seed images. Genlisea multiflora has been recorded from Viruá National Park, and is of affinity to the large, purple-flowered species G. sanariapoana and G...

Two new species of Caraipa (Calophyllaceae) are described and illustrated: Caraipa glabra and C. iracemensis. Both species are known only from the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas state, Brazil. They both occur on patches of white-sand vegetation and they are locally abundant. Caraipa glabra is a small tree and can be distinguished f...

A new species of Clusia sect. Oedematopus is described and illustrated. The species can be distinguished from others in this section mainly by its 14–31 stamens in staminate flowers, 8–10 staminodes in pistillate flowers and discontinuous secretory canals visible on the abaxial surface of the leaf blade.

Two species characterized by locellate anthers are treated, belonging to different sections of Clusia. One of these species, Clusia favus, is described as new. A new name for a species with an unusual volcano-shaped male androecium, belonging to Clusia section Phloianthera, but originally described within the genus Arrudea, is also proposed. A very...

Clusia shows high infrageneric and sometimes infraspecific diversity in growth form, floral morphology and pollination biology. Species offering floral resin as a reward to pollinating bees often show unique androecial structures. We investigate the stamen structure of two groups of Clusia with resin flowers and anthers with numerous locelli: all t...

Two new species of Neomarica (Trimezieae, Iridoideae, Iridaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Southeast Brazil, are described and illustrated: Neomarica mauroi, endemic to the municipality of Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro State; and Neomarica sancti-vicentei, endemic to the municipality of São Vicente, São Paulo State.

Neomarica brachypus (Baker) Sprague has never been typified, even though the species has been treated in several different taxonomic studies. Therefore, here we designate a lectotype for N. brachypus, and present a historical summary of the taxonomy of this neglected species.

A new species, Dichorisandra sagittata, is recognized based on field studies and analyses of herbarium and cultivated material. It is characterized by the presence of pilose trichomes throughout the plant, inflorescences perforating the sheath of the lowermost leaf of the lateral branch, and yellow sagittate anthers. A diagnosis, morphological desc...

In this paper we describe and illustrate a new species of the genus Clusia (Clusiaceae) and compare it with morphologically most similar species. The new species, Clusia rubrifructa, occurs in Amazon lowland forests of Brazil, Colombia and Peru.

Four new species of Caraipa (Calophyllaceae) are described and illustrated: Caraipa balbinensis, endemic to Balbina (Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil), C. caespitosa growing in savannah and white-sand vegetation in Roraima and Amazonas (Brazil), Guainía (Colombia) and Amazonas (Venezuela), C. davilae, an endemic species of Loreto (Peru), and...

Two new hemiepiphytic species of Clusia (C. ucamira and C. lutea) from the Amazon Forest are described and illustrated. We provide a table with the major differences between C. ucamira and the similar species C. obovata and C. octandra. Clusia lutea is a distinct species with unclear relationships. Photographs as well as scanning electron microscop...

The neotropical tribe Clusieae contains six genera including Dystovomita and Tovomita. Material from the Ducke Reserve (Manaus), determined as Dystovomita brasiliensis, had been used in a recent phylogenetic study and was shown to be nested in Tovomita, leaving some doubt as to its determination. Having examined various types of Dystovomita brasili...

Vismia atlantica, a new species endemic to the central region of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, is described and illustrated. Collections of this species were initially identified as Vismia latifolia (probably because of a misinterpretation by Reichardt in Flora brasiliensis) and, more recently, as Vismia macrophylla. Vismia atlantica is part of a...

Two new species of Caraipa from Colombia are described and illustrated: Caraipa antioquensis , endemic to Antioquia in the Andes and the only species of Caraipa occurring in this area, and Caraipa tumescens, endemic to Vaupés. Caraipa ferruginea is reported from Colombia for the first time. We also present an identification key and distribution map...

A new species of Neomarica from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is described and illustrated. Neomarica sergipensis A. Gil & M.C.E. Amaral sp. nov. (Trimezieae, Iridoideae, Iridaceae) grows in restinga forests (forests on the coastal plains dominated by sandy soils) in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. The new species resembles Neomarica nor...

Lentibulariaceae is the family with the second highest number of species in the Viruá National Park (VNP) according to a recent floristic survey of the aquatic and palustrine angiosperms there. The aim of the present study is to provide identification material and information on those species of Lentibulariaceae. Species descriptions were based on...

Tall to medium-sized shrubs or lianas (species of Lonicera), rarely dwarf shrubs (Linnaea) or perennial herbs (Triosteum), winter buds with several scales. Leaves mostly deciduous, opposite, rarely whorled, blades sometimes sinuous to deeply lobed, margin entire or rarely serrate or dentate; normal stipules absent, rarely the bases of opposite leav...

Shrub or more commonly small to medium-sized trees with glabrous (Oncotheca) or hairy (Metteniusa), exstipulate, alternate leaves; leaves simple, margin entire or minutely glandular-denticulate. Flowers pentamerous, borne in axillary thyrsoid inflorescences, bisexual, actinomorphic; sepals 5, imbricate, persistent; petals 5, united into sympetalous...

Shrubs or perennial to annual herbs, rarely trees, rosette-forming or ephemerals, sometimes with tuberous or gemmiferous roots, or with tubers or stolons; stems occasionally with heteroblastic growth or with cauline spines; plants glabrous, frequently viscose or slightly or densely wooly-tomentose, with a diverse array of non-glandular and glandula...

The present volume of this book series is the first of two to (almost) complete the treatment of the Asterids which started with Vol. VI (Cornales, Ericales, 2004), Vol. VII (Lamiales, 2004) and Vol. VIII (Asterales, 2007). It contains the orders Boraginales, Garryales and Solanales of the Lamiids (Asterids I) as well as three unplaced families of...

Perennial herbs, small to moderately sized shrubs, or small trees, buds sometimes perulate; plants glabrous or with indumentum of unicellular or multicellular stellate (rarely lepidote) hairs; extrafloral nectaries sometimes present in various parts of the plants. Leaves opposite (very rarely 3-verticillate), pinnately veined and petiolate, simple,...

Annual or perennial succulent herbaceous holorhizoparasites with completely or nearly subterranean stems. Glandular hairs on stems, leaves and calyx. Leaves much reduced, scale-like, alternate, spirally arranged, exstipulate, simple, with entire margin. Inflorescences cymose, capitate or spicate, terminal. Flowers bracteate, pedicellate or sessile,...

Perennial, rarely annual, herbs or small shrubs, often semi-aquatic, erect, prostrate or decumbent, stems succulent or woody, often with aerenchyma in the primary cortex, glabrous to hispid, glandular trichomes present or not, 1–2 axillary thorns per node, or thorns absent. Leaves alternate, sessile or petiolate, exstipulate, blade linear to ovate,...

Terrestrial or rarely epiphytic shrubs or small trees, completely glabrous except for the stipules. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, acuminate, with entire or serrate or dentate margin; stipules small, with glandular hairs on the adaxial surface, caducous. Flowers small, bisexual, green, in epiphyllous inflorescences, actinomorphic, (4)5-merous...

Shrubs or perennial herbs with basal leaf rosettes and initial taproot, basal part of axis (“rootstock”) mostly covered with the remains of old leaf bases. Leaves of vegetative and flowering shoots opposite or whorled, exstipulate, simple, lanceolate, entire or mostly deeply lobed, margin entire, dentate or with spiny bristles; lamina basally taper...

Annual to perennial, often fetid herbs, subshrubs, sometimes shrubs, rarely ligneous or herbaceous vines; root often a taproot, often slender, sometimes a napiform or fusiform turnip, the stem-borne roots sometimes tuberous; plants often semirosulate, sometimes rosulate; stem often fistulous. Leaves mostly decussate, rarely 3-verticillate, sometime...

We provide and discuss a floristic survey of herbaceous and subshrubby aquatic and palustrine angiosperms of Viruá National Park (VNP). The VNP is located in the northern Amazon basin and displays phytophysiognomies distributed in a mosaic where these plants occur, as flooded forests, hydromorphic white-sand savannas, "buritizais" and waterbodies....

This volume covers the orders Boraginales, Garryales and Solanales (except Convolvulaceae) of the Lamiids (Asterids I) as well as three unplaced families of that clade, i.e. Vahliaceae, Icacinaceae and Metteniusaceae, and the orders Aquifoliales, Escalloniales, Bruniales, Dipsacales and Paracryphiales of the Campanulids (Asterids II). It is the fir...

An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country’s biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, sh...

An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country’s biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, sh...

Aquatic and marsh plants are those that have the capacity to withstand a continuous or periodic submersion in water, at least of their roots. Such plants are thus able to occupy environments that are at least periodically waterlogged. The knowledge about this plant group is still rather incomplete for various parts of Brazil including the Northeast...

The four new species described here occur in the Brazilian state of Bahia. Dichorisandra marantoides can be distinguished from other species of the genus by its chartaceous longitudinally ribbed leaves, flowers with five stamens and anthers opening introrsely by slits (being functionally poricidal). Dichorisandra bahiensis is similar to D. tejucens...

Clusia heterocolorata is described, illustrated, its diagnostic characteristics, morphological affinities, and conservation status are discussed, and a geographical distribution map is presented. This new species belongs to the section Phloianthera, characterized by a dome-shaped androecium with numerous resiniferous stamens and staminodes. Clusia...

Article PHYTOTAXA ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) Accepted by Timothy Evans: Abstract Two new species of Dichorisandra collected in Rio de Janeiro state are described based on studies in the field, herbarium specimens and cultivated plants. Dichorisandra odorata can be distinguished by its small stature, leaves conges...

Trees, shrubs or shrublets, generally evergreen, rarely herbs, mostly glabrous. Leaves alternate, generally simple, often coriaceous, entire, serrate, ciliate or with persistent or caducous teeth, secondary veins often numerous and densely parallel; stipules distinct or more rarely basally intrapetiolarly connate, persistent or caducous, entire or...

Glabrous trees or shrubs, evergreen or deciduous, sap sometimes milky or coloured; alkaloids common. Leaves alternate (opposite), simple, entire, pinnately veined, with intrapetiolar (interpetiolar), often caducous stipules, colleters present. Flowers small, generally bisexual, more rarely unisexual, distylous [Erythroxylum], axillary, solitary or...

The floral resin of Tovomitopsis saldanhae (Guttiferae) is composed of poliisoprenylated benzophenone and the major constituent is 7-epi-nemorosone which has now been revised.

Neomarica eburnea and N. floscella, two new species of Iridaceae (Trimezieae) from Bahia state (Northeastern Brazil) are here described. Illustrations, diagnostic comparisons with morphologically similar species and an identification key for the species of the genus occurring in Bahia state are presented.

Trees, shrubs, scandent shrubs or lianas, glabrous or with indumentum of unicellular hairs, sometimes with glands. Leaves opposite or alternate, simple, entire, venation pinnate; stipules simple or bifid, interpetiolar when leaves opposite, often conspicuous, mostly caducous. Inflorescences panicles, racemes, cymes, or thyrses. Flowers hermaphrodit...

A revision of the nomenclature of Himatanthus (Apocynaceae) is presented as part of a taxonomic revision. Himatanthus as accepted here comprises nine Neotropical species. The infrageneric and infraspecific taxa proposed by Plumel and Müller, Woodson and Plumel, respectively, are not recognized. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: P....

The chemical composition of the oil on the anthers of Symphonia globulifera L. f., in which the pollen grains are completely immersed, was investigated. An unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester (methyl nervonate), very rare in plants, was found to be the only component of the oil. The possible ecological implications of the presence of this oil on th...

In this paper we describe and illustrate Clusia nitida, a new species from the Amazon with resin-producing flowers, similar to C. microstemon and C. myriandra.

Kielmeyera coriacea is one of the most char- acteristic entities of the Cerrado, a savanna vegetation of Central Brazil and it is a morphologically highly variable polyploid species. In the revision of the genus, an earlier variety was elevated to a related species. However, this proposal has not been accepted by the scientific community and the pr...

The identification of Amazonian plants is still difficult for many reasons, one being the lack of collections over large areas of the region. As a consequence of the poor knowledge on the Amazonian flora, many taxonomic publications (revisions and floristic treatments) become out of date within a few years. In this context, the on-line publication...

Kielmeyera coriacea is widely known as one of the most peculiar species of the Cerrado, a savanna-like vegetation of Central Brazil, and it has been the subject of several studies, some including a pharmacological focus. Together with related taxa, it is usually treated as the ‘K. coriacea complex’. The genus was revised approximately 30 years ago....

Gaylussacia brasiliensis (Spreng.) Meissn., Ericaceae, is used in folk medicine for treatment of several inflammatory processes and as healing agent. The scope of this work was to evaluate the in vitro antiproliferative activity of crude dichloromethane extract (CHD) and to identify the compound(s) responsible for this activity. CHD was evaluated a...