Vladimir E. Trajkovski

• M.D., Ph.D
• Professor (Full) at Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje

Strabismus and risk factors in Down sy

Congenital cataracta in Down sy.

Strabismus and Down sndrome

Down sndrome and refractive state

Deletion and duplication in the human 16p11.2 chromosomal region are closely linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, specifically autism spectrum disorder. Data from neuroimaging studies suggest white matter microstructure aberrations across these conditions. In 16p11.2 deletion and duplication carriers, potential gene dosage effects may impact whi...

AIM: Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is the most common form of exodeviations. The aim of our study was to investigate the outcome after overminus lens therapy in children and young adults with IXT. METHODS: Fifty-three children and young adults with IXT, aged 3–33 years, from Macedonia, underwent slit-lamp examination, ocular motility, and refraction...

AIM: In our case–control study of the Caucasian Macedonian myopia population of adults aged over 40 years, to analyze the environmental risk factors such as education level and outdoor activity levels in hours. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 53 patients with myopia and 64 control subjects. The following demographic characteristics were evaluate...

Background: Studies examining the utilization of psychopharmacological treatments (psychotro-pic medications) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have primarily been carried out in affluent nations. Nonetheless, there is an evident dearth of data originating from low-and middle-income countries. Our study sought to comprehensively evaluate the usage...

Introduction: This study quantitatively evaluated the use and perceived efficacy of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) treatments among individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Macedonia, a middle-income country in Southeast Europe. Methods: A web-based survey was conducted among 103 parents of 103 individuals with ASD, and des...

Cancer is a global public health problem, but its exact prevalence in people with intellectual disabilities is still uncertain. This population, with limited health skills and complex health needs, faces many challenges in cancer prevention, screening, timely diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, they are often underrepresented in general cancer pr...

To systematically identify and review policies on cancer prevention across Europe and assess if Intellectual Disability is addressed.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with complex distress and challenging behaviours that have a negative impact on the everyday life of those with ASD, as well as their parents and carers. These challenging behaviours include negative emotional behaviours, motor behaviours, and changes in routines. Even though challenging behaviours occur...

Objective: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) syndrome is associated with depression and anxiety. This study aimed to examine for the first time the correlation between personality traits, situational anxiety, and stress in Polish patients with SIBO. Methodology: This study included 26 patients with SIBO aged 20-35 years and 24 non-SIB...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder, which affects the way a person communicates with and relates to other people and the world around them. About 1.55% of the general pupil body receive additional supports because they have been diagnosed with an ASD. The focus is on the needs of pupils with ASD and how they can be supported...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder, which affects the way a person communicates with and relates to other people and the world around them. About 1.55% of the general pupil body receive additional supports because they have been diagnosed with an ASD. The focus is on the needs of pupils with ASD and how they can be supported...

Introduction: publishing an electronic, peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal in a small country is really hard work. The advancement of electronic journals during recent years has given professionals in academia a powerful new tool to support learning and research. The purpose of this article is to provide some guidelines about creating elec...

Background and Objective: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of systemic and ophthalmic manifestations in different refractive groups in children and young adults with Down syndrome (DS). Materials and Methods: The study was a population-based, cross-sectional study that included 141 Caucasian children and young adults with DS. They were...

Introduction: This editorial is based on a concise introduction to the basics of open access, describing what it is and showing that it is easy, fast, inexpensive, legal, and a beneficial form of academic publishing. The Internet lets us share perfect copies of our work with a worldwide audience at virtually no cost. Working in “open access” means:...

Introduction:This editorial is based on a concise introduction to the basics of open access, describing what it is and showing that it is easy, fast, inexpensive, legal, and a beneficial form of academic publishing. The Internet lets us share perfect copies of our workwith a worldwide audience at virtually no cost. Working in “open access”means: di...

Introduction. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has unclear etiology and no known universal treatment, making it difficult to obtain an accurate and timely diagnosis. The evidence that highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment is growing. Objective: The research was done to evaluate the impact of early diagnosis and its significance,...

Introduction: Austism spectrum disorder (ASD) heterogeneity requires these individuals to have functional heterogeneity. Compared to the general population, numerous studies have shown that people with ASD have a lower functional status in performing daily activities and most of them require assistive technology. Methodology: We performed a compara...

Purpose The aim of this study is to determine what changes occur in the health status of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical controls. Design/methodology/approach The authors performed a comparative analysis of data collected from 72 subjects with ASD and 75 neurotypical controls aged 3–24 years using the Rochester...

Purpose Amid the expanding demand on the autism service delivery system, little knowledge is accumulated regarding access and availability of support and services in the region of Southern and South-Eastern Europe – critical for improvement of individual outcomes, as well as family quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to explore how servic...

Aim : To determinate the prevalence of congenital infantile esotropia (ETI) in strabismic population with Down syndrome versus strabismic control group from the general Macedonian population. To present subject age, sex distribution, maternal age and spherical equivalent in each of the two analyzed groups. Patients and methods: Population-based ret...

Ziele: Analyse der Prävalenz der angeborenen-infantilen Esotropie (ETI) in der mazedonische Strabismus Down-Syndrom gruppe versus der Strabismus Kontrollgruppe der allgemeinen Allgemeinbevölkerung sowie Analyse nach Alter, Geschlechtsverteilung, Alter der Mutter und sphärischem Äquivalent in jeder der beiden Gruppen. Patienten und Methoden: Es wurd...

The difficulty in the area of social skills for persons with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is particularly visible in the area of sexuality and intimate relationships. Therefore, it is important to create a curriculum including information about sexuality and to address the individual and specific needs of persons with ASD. For this purpose we de...

The aim of presented study was to explore barriers and facilitators of optimal support for social and developmental outcomes for people with ASD. The survey was based on the semistructured interviews with parents of people with ASD, as well as professionals supporting persons with ASD. Thematic analysis of the data was viewed with regard to positiv...

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that occurs within the first 3 years of life, which is characterised by poor social skills, communication problems and stereotyped patterns of behaviour. Autism is a life-long disorder that has a substantial effect on the individual, their family, and society. Th...

This randomized controlled study evaluated a computer-based intervention on emotion understanding in 32 children with autism spectrum conditions with and without intellectual disability (ID) aged 7–15 years. The intervention group (n = 16) used the program for 12 h while the control group (n = 16) was not included in any intervention or training be...

Findings of ESIPP project - post-project poster outlining the project, its findings and impact.

Introduction: Social participation is a vital construct in inclusive philosophies and practices across communities. People with Autism Spectrum Disorders have been facing autism-related and environmental participation restrictions, placing them at risk of social exclusion and institutionalization. A multinational project has been developed in order...

Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is identified as having a significant impact on family life. Educating parents of children with ASD about the condition benefits both child and family. However, such programmes are typically unavailable in South-east Europe. Aims To address this, the ESIPP project was established to develop and provide pa...

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are behaviourally defined syndromes where the etiology and pathophysiology are not very well understood. If the child has been diagnosed with autism, parents already face special behavioural challenges. What makes ASD even more difficult, are the many other medical health issues that often arise in this...

The aim of this study was to search for predictors of disability among patients treated with hemodialysis. Material and methods: Disability was assessed with self-reports of activities by Katz, Nagi and Rosow-Breslau (R-B) scale in 134 hemodialysis patients in a cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic, clinical, nutritional and dialysis factors wer...

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are behaviourally defined syndromes where the etiology and pathophysiology are not very well understood. If the child has been diagnosed with autism, parents already face special behavioural challenges. What makes ASD even more difficult, are the many other medical health issues that often arise in this...

Aim. To examine plasma concentration of IgA, IgM, IgG classes, and IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 subclasses in children with autism. Methods. Infantile autism was diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria. Plasma samples were collected from 35 aut...

Context Early detection of developmental problems is critical, and interventions are more effective when they are carried out early in a child's life. In Macedonia, there are only four centers providing early intervention services. Aims In this research, we determined the reliability of the translation and adaptation of Ages and Stages Questionnai...

The number of journals is rapidly rising worldwide. There is public debate about published articles comparing the costs, benefits, and various pros and cons of printed versus electronic full-text journals. The advancement of online journals during recent years has given librarians a powerful new resource to support learning and research. This artic...

The number of journals is rapidly rising worldwide. There is public debate about published articles comparing the costs, benefits, and various pros and cons of printed versus electronic full-text journals. The advancement of online journals during recent years has given librarians a powerful new resource to support learning and research. This artic...

This poster was designed for the INSAR 2018 conference in Rotterdam, May 2018, and describes the ESIPP project and findings to date.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is identified as having a significant impact on family life. Educating parents of children with ASD about the condition benefits both child and family. However, such programmes are typically unavailable in South-east Europe. To address this, the ESIPP project developed, provided and evaluated parent education for Croa...

Families living with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face many challenges, affecting not only the child with ASD and development but also family functioning and quality of life. Parent education (PE) in ASD has been identified as a priority intervention for this group both internationally and nationally. However, though there is a large body of lite...

Families living with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face many challenges, affecting not only the child with ASD and development but also family functioning and quality of life. Parent education (PE) in ASD has been identified as a priority intervention for this group both internationally and nationally. However, though there is a large body of lite...

General description: Autism challenges traditional parenting styles, and can make parents feel deskilled and disempowered, especially if little information or support is available to them. Giving accurate information about autism to parents, and teaching them to adapt their parenting using good autism practice has been shown to be effective in impr...

Parenting children with autism in countries with limited professional and financial resources can be overwhelming. Parent training led by non-governmental organizations may help alleviate some of these burdens. The present pilot study was conducted in the Republic of Macedonia, a country located in Southeastern Europe. The purpose of the study was...

Introduction and goal: The first edition of the “Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation” was released for the first time in 1997, and over the past 20 years, 37 issues have been published. In the Journal different kinds of articles are published from several scientific disciplines such as special education and rehabilitation, medicine, ped...

Uvod: Autizam je doživotno stanje koje može imati značajan uticaj ne samo na pojedinca s autizmom, nego i na roditelje, braću, sestre i širu porodicu. Na području jugoistočne Evrope psihosocijalna podrška roditeljima dece sa autizmom je slabo razvijena. Ovaj rad se odnosi na trogodišnji ESIPP projekat (septembar 2015.-avgust 2018.) finansiran iz Er...

Introduction: Epidemiological studies detected that autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are currently raising, and there is a need for early effective interventions to manage the characteristics of the disorder. The evidence suggests that early intervention programs are beneficial for children with autism, often improving developmental functioning and...

ESIPP – parent education in autism Jasmina Troshanska1, David Preece2, Loizos Symeou3, Katerina Mavrou3, Eleni Teodorou3, Jasmina Stošić4, Jasmina Fray Škrinjar4, Ron Fortuna5, Nefi Charambalos Darden6, Aurelie Baranger7, Sanja Blažević8, Julia Hardcastle9& Vladimir Trajkovski1 1Macedonian Scientific Society for Autism, 2University of Northampton;...

Autism can challenge traditional parenting styles, causing parents to feel deskilled and disempowered, especially when little information or support is available to them. The provision of accurate information about autism and teaching parents how to adapt their parenting using good autism practice has been shown to be effective in improving persona...

Statistics is mathematical science dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of masses of numerical data in order to draw relevant conclusions. Statistics is a form of mathematical analysis that uses quantified models, representations and synopses for a given set of experimental data or real-life studies. The students...

AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS (ASD), NEURODEVELOPMENT, IMMUNOGENETICS, IMMUNE GENES, HLA

Emerging metrics based on article-level does not exclude traditional metrics based on citations to the journal, but complements them. Article-level metrics (ALMs) provide a wide range of metrics about the uptake of an individual journal article by the scientific community after publication. They include citations, statistics of usage, discussions i...

Резиме Секоја година сè повеќе семејства се соочуваат со посебни предизвици поврзани со одгледувањето дете со АСН. Стресот е значаен аспект од исполнувањето на улогата на родител, а родителството на дете со АСН значително влијае на стресот што се доживува. Низ литературата се посочува дека нивото на стрес кај родителите е обратнопропорционално со с...

Во овој предговор е опишан растежот на списанието Дефектолошка теорија и практика во последните 18 години откако започна да се издава. Иако започна како ло-кално и стручно, сепак успеа да се развие во интернационално и научно и да привлече голем број автори од преку 30 држави од светот. Моментно списанието е индексира-но во 65 светски бази на подат...

It is critical that speech language pathologists and audiologists understand principles of medical genetics, genetic testing and genetic counseling. Vocal communication mediated by speech and language is a uniquely human trait, and has served an important role in the development of our hearing. Scientists are beginning to uncover the neurogenetic p...

To investigate whether different types of ocular manifestations are associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) in a large Caucasian population of children and young adults with Down syndrome (DS). Population-based, case-control study which included 185 subjects with DS (mean age 13.2 ± 7.9 years), who reported presence or absence of CHD; DS wit...

In the present study, we report the fi rst DNA analysis of HLA class I and class II alleles in Macedonian autistic subjects. We have analyzed the HLA-A, -C, -B, DRB1 genotypes of 35 autistic patients, and 98 healthy unrelated Macedonians (control group). HLA DNA typing of class I genes was performed using a Reverse Line Strip method (RLS), and the...

J Spec Educ Rehab 2008; 9(1-2):55-66.

J Spec Educ Rehab 2004; 5(3-4):43-56.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the ways of detecting developmental disorders in children in primary health care. We processed data from medical records of 2 634 children examined at Pediatric Dispensary, Military Hospital, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, during the 2000-2009 period. Children were born between 1990 and 2009. In this retrospectiv...

The aim of this paper is to analyze the ways of detecting developmental disorders in children in primary health care. We processed data from medical records of 2 634 children examined at Pediatric Dispensary, Military Hospital, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, during the 2000-2009 period. Children were born between 1990 and 2009. In this retrospectiv...

Multiple factors infl uence the discrepancy between the prevalence rates of developmental disorders worldwide. In addition to different prevalence rates of developmental disorders, there are differences in terminology and their classifi cation. The purpose of the research was to estimate the prevalence and gender distribution of developmental disor...

Reading a scholarly journal article is not easy job. General strategy for reading and understanding a scientific paper is to read the material critically. The time that’s available to read scientific literature is becoming increasingly hard to find. Scientists read papers with differing degrees of attention and skepticism. Still, peer-reviewed pape...

Introduction: many children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

oлогија: Истражувајќи и правејќи споредба на квалитетот на од-носот меѓу браќата и сестрите во семејства со дете со аутизам и квалитетот на односот во семејства кај кои нема дете со аутизам, опфативме примерок од 132 испитаника. Податоците беа обработени со стандарден статистички програм SPSS за Windows, применувајќи ги Mann-Whitney U и Wilcoxon te...

Introduction: communication is an activity of transfer and exchange of thoughts,

In scientific writing, plagiarism is regarded as a serious breach of ethics. Plagiarism has different forms but can be categorized into two general distinct categories – plagiarism of ideas and plagiarism of text. The aim of the paper is to address plagiarism at length, to find ways to its disclosure and to make recommendations for its improvement....

Objective To investigate Eustachian tube function before and after adenotonsillectomy, adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy. Design Prospective control study. Patients and methods We performed ear, nose, throat examination, and tympanometry in 54 children (28 males and 26 females) before and after adenotonsillectomy, adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy. In...

In the world of scientific publication, morals are not completely different than in daily life. There are cases of clear research misconduct. If misconduct occurs, it creates a disruption, not only for the scientific community and their institutions, but for all individuals involved. Journals aspire to select, through peer review,the highest qualit...

In extenso article provided

In extenso article providede

In extenso article provided

The aims of the present population-based, cross-sectional study were to examine the frequency and type of strabismus, refractive errors and nystagmus in children and young adults with Down syndrome (DS) in Macedonia and Croatia. A total of 170 unselected children and young adults with DS aged 1-34 years were examined for ocular findings. The ocular...

Лицата со Брокина афазија побрзо се соција-лизираат во општеството, поради раниот рехабилитациски третман со примената на логопедска терапија. Во почетокот на болес-та, говорната продукција е напорна, а гово-рот е со променета просодија, болниот се изразува исклучително со именки и работни глаголи, а се користи и со мимика и гестови. Основната цел...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. Neurodegeneration is estimated to start 20-30 years before clinical symptoms become apparent. The most common neuropathological feature of AD is the presence of neur...

The right to work is one of the fundamental human rights in all developed countries around the world. The employment, actually the right to work of persons with disability is the final phase of the long and complex process of their rehabilitation that affects the possibility of their integration in the community.The main objective of this research...

Persons with autism can experience severe issues during the puberty and adolescence resulting from the changes that occur in their body. People with autism are sexual beings. They have sexual needs and desires as other people. Sexual development is part of the overall development of their personality.The main objective of this research was to prese...

Autistic disorder is a severe neurodevelopment disorder characterized by a triad of impairments in reciprocal social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and a pattern of repetitive stereotyped activities, behaviours and interests. There are strong lines of evidence to suggest that the immune system plays an important role in the pathog...

Autistic disorder is a severe neurodevelopment disorder characterized by a triad of impairments in reciprocal social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and a pattern of repetitive stereotyped activities, behaviours and interests. There are strong lines of evidence to suggest that the immune system plays an important role in the pathog...

Down's syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal anomaly. Numerous ophthalmic features have been reported. The aim of our study was to investigate the incidence of refractive errors in children and young adults with DS in Macedonia. Fifty-six children and young adults with DS, aged 2-28 years, from Macedonia, underwent slit-lamp examination, ocu...