Vivian Scheinsohn- PhD
- Professor (Full) at University of Buenos Aires
Vivian Scheinsohn
- PhD
- Professor (Full) at University of Buenos Aires
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86
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Introduction
Current institution
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July 1985 - present
January 1998 - present
Publications
Publications (86)
Desde hace unas décadas viene dándose una callada disputa respecto del término arqueología en el ámbito de las Humanidades y las Ciencias Sociales. En este trabajo revisaré la historia de ese términopara identificar cuáles fueron sus usos, su nivel de relación, si la hubo, con la práctica arqueológica que les fue contemporánea, y cómo han impactado...
Este trabajo se propone presentar una síntesis de las investigaciones arqueológicas desarrolladas en el sector boscoso/ecotonal del valle del río Pico (Chubut, Argentina) y una agenda de trabajo enmarcada en la Teoría de Construcción de Nicho. Para ello, se analizan en primer lugar algunos de los factores que podrían estar incidiendo en el proceso...
In the present article, we discuss the macroscale issue in archaeological research, using the peopling model of Patagonia and the regional taphonomy proposed by Luis Borrero, and their application in our archaeological project in the Pico and Genoa valleys (Western-Central sector of Chubut Province, Argentina). In the case of the peopling model, we...
Se presentan y comparan dos sitios con arte rupestre del centro oeste de la Patagonia, denominados Tres Lagunas 1 y Las Tres Marías, ubicados en las cercanías del valle del Genoa (departamento Tehuelches, provincia del Chubut, Argentina). Ambos contienen pinturas que corresponden a la tendencia abstracto geométrica compleja, también conocida como e...
En este trabajo se propone realizar por primera vez en Argentina un análisis proteómico por espectrometría de masas de una falange humana con una alteración macroscópica proveniente de un conjunto arqueológico recuperado en el sitio Cueva de Plaza (Chubut, Argentina). Se presentan dos métodos de extracción de proteínas de restos óseos arqueológicos...
La Historia trabaja con documentos escritos mientras que la Arqueología estudia a la gente a partir de sus cosas. Las versiones que ofrecen pueden diferir, en tanto el patrimonio material da cuenta de aquello que no consta en los documentos. Por ello, toda rendición histórica debería contemplar, por lo menos, ambas versiones. Delimitar qué parte de...
El sitio arqueológico Acevedo 1, localizado cerca de Río Pico (valle del Pico, Chubut, Argentina), es un alero con pinturas rupestres donde se recuperaron restos óseos humanos junto con material lítico y restos óseos de fauna. Hasta el momento, se estudiaron diversas líneas de evidencia menos la lítica, por lo que en este trabajo el foco está puest...
In this paper we seek to contextualize our research on gender parity in Argentine
archaeology over the last 30 years. From the pioneering work by three of us in
1993 on gender parity in CONICET and the ersidad de Buenos Aires to the recent
updating and expansion of that information, including the Universidad Nacional
de Córdoba, the context of acad...
In this paper, we argue for the inclusion of archaeology in discussions about how humans have contributed to and dealt with climate change, especially in the long term. We suggest Niche Construction Theory as a suitable framework to that end. In order to take into account both human and environmental variability, we also advocate for a situated per...
In this essay we seek to contribute to current debates on the Anthropocene, setting our reflections in a dialogue with the approaches proposed by the three papers selected by the Editorial Committee. We review these articles taking into account how they are related to the demarcation perspective, predominant in geology, and from which archeology ca...
La Cueva de Plaza es el primer sitio con inhumaciones múltiples datado en momentos históricos para el valle del Genoa (Chubut, Argentina). En este trabajo se da a conocer el análisis bioarqueológico final de los restos óseos humanos y el análisis paleopatológico detallado de esas muestras. La estructura del registro bioarqueológico permite plantear...
In this paper we present the archaeological training that archaeology undergraduate students of the University of Buenos Aires performed at a former illegal detention centre from the Argentinian dictatorship, the Espacio para la Memoria y la Promoción de los DDHH ex-Centro Clandestino de Detención Tortura y Exterminio ‘Club Atlético’ (Memorial Site...
Las investigaciones arqueológicas desarrolladas en el sitio Cueva de Plaza permitieron reconocer el primer contexto funerario indígena datado en momentos históricos para el valle del Genoa (Chubut, Argentina). En este sitio se registraron restos óseos humanos, materiales faunísticos, artefactos líticos, cuentas vítreas, fragmentos de cuero y restos...
Trabajo presentado en el Congreso de Ciencia y Género 2021, 27 de septiembre a 1 de octubre de 2021, Córdoba, Argentina.
Por favor, no citar sin autorización de las autoras.
This work aims to rescue the process followed by the community of Río Pico (Tehuelches Department, Chubut province, Argentina), a process that led it to privilege the "white" presence and, fundamentally, that of a German colony and its founder, Wilhelm Vallentin and to make invisible the indigenous presence in the area
German-speaking scientists played an important role in shaping the Argentine scientific system of the 19th century (Arenas, 1991; Podgorny, 2001; Carreras, 2011, among others). Related to their German colleagues by community of language, but also to their French and Italian-speaking compatriots, a series of Swiss naturalists settled in the Museo de...
An environment
could be extreme or not, depending on the organism
implied and the physical boundaries within
which they can thrive. Since humans are terrestrial,
subtropical, air-breathing, low-altitude
homeotherms (Cotter and Tipton 2014), most of
the world represents a challenge for us.
La situación de la disparidad de géneros en la academia y en la producción de conocimiento científico es un
tema imprescindible en un contexto de visibilización y empoderamiento femenino y de disidencias sexuales. En
la arqueología argentina algunos pocos artículos y reuniones han tratado estos temas y recién en el año 2019 se
abren a la discusión...
A synthetic history of human land use
Humans began to leave lasting impacts on Earth's surface starting 10,000 to 8000 years ago. Through a synthetic collaboration with archaeologists around the globe, Stephens et al. compiled a comprehensive picture of the trajectory of human land use worldwide during the Holocene (see the Perspective by Roberts)....
Congress next week in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Congreso de la semana que viene en Buenos Aires, Argentina
Ethnographic and archaeological evidences showed that hunter-gatherers adaptive capacity was expressed, among other things, by strategy of raw material selection and diversification. The variability of lithic raw materials used included resources such as limestone, quartz, schist, and other highly inhomogeneous and less isotropic stone resources. F...
Variability and efficiency of limestone knapping
Resumen El valle del río Genoa se localiza en la precordillera del centro-oeste de la provincia del Chubut, en un ambiente de estepa. Las investigaciones arqueológicas sistemáticas en la zona comenzaron en el 2012, focalizándose en la localidad de José de San Martín. Sobre la base de la información obtenida en esos primeros trabajos, y la previamen...
The Genoa River Valley, is located in the Central-West sector of the Chubut Province. Systematic archaeological investigations in this zone began in 2012, focusing on the town of Jos de San Mart. Based on information obtained during this fieldwork, and that from the previous study of the nearby town of Rio Pico, our initial expectation was that hum...
First results for taxonomic identification by cytochrome b on Patagonian subactual and archaeological (Late
Holocene) bone samples are presented. The low identifiability level achieved at Acevedo 1 archaeological site
(Río Pico, Chubut, Argentina), by traditional zooarchaeological analysis, and the need of the EAAF Laboratory
of Forensic Genetics t...
The area located between Pico and Genoa basins (Western Chubut province, Argentina) is
characterized by high environmental variability since, from west to east, it goes through forest,
forest-steppe ecotone and steppe within few kilometers, instead other Patagonian more homogeneous
areas. Our research project began in 2009 in the first of these bas...
In this work, we apply the environmental and ethnographic frames of reference constructed by Binford (2001) and calculated in EnvCalc2.1 in order to generate and evaluate archaeological hypothesis for the central-western area of Chubut Province (Patagonia, Argentina), an area in which archaeological research has recently started. Patagonia is an el...
Decorative patterns have long been considered suitable for determining descent, since they are categorized as homologous and adaptively neutral. Rock art, for its part, has often been left aside due to a lack of chronological control. In this paper, we propose a way to treat rock art in order to track Cultural Transmission Paths by means of motif d...
Decorative patterns have long been considered suitable for determining
descent, since they are categorized as homologous and adaptively neutral. Rock
art, for its part, has often been left aside due to a lack of chronological control. In
this paper, we propose a way to treat rock art in order to track Cultural Transmission
Paths by means of motif d...
In this paper we focus on the regional/local scale of the archaeological record of the Central-West area of Chubut (Argentinean Patagonia) through the characterization of its regional taphonomy, considered from an archaeological perspective. We focus our research in the comparison of three different landscape situations: 1) a slope leading to highl...
The present paper will evaluate the available evidence for the use of spearthrowers or atlatls in Patagonia based on the presence of a specific part of the equipment: the spearthrower hook or grip. This evidence will be contextualized through the review of the distribution and characteristics of spearthrower parts made from bone in the Southern Con...
In spite of its importance for rock art studies, rock art motifs coding and classification process is not always made explicit. In this discussion of the process of rock art classification, we consider an exploratory research employing two different criteria for the coding of a northwestern Patagonian rock art motifs database. One coding makes use...
Hunter-gatherer archaeology is the archaeological field of study that deals with hunter-gatherers, which are societies that procure most of their food from hunting, gathering, and fishing. Humans have been hunter-gatherers for most of their existence. Until the first food-producing societies developed, hunter-gatherers lived almost everywhere and t...
The development of forensic archaeology (understood as the application of archaeological principles, methods and techniques in a legal context) in Argentina is associated with the last military dictatorship (1976–1983), when between 10,000 and 30,000 people, depending on the source, were victims of enforced disappearance. This tragedy led to the cr...
In Argentina, as in many other parts of the world, the disciplines within a forensic or medico-legal investigation field have traditionally focused around medicine, odontology, radiology and toxicology. The chaotic start of forensic archaeology in Argentina, with no official or institutional backing, without any official involvement of university a...
In Patagonia (southern South America) bone technology has been recorded both in the insular area (Magellanic channels and Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego) as well as in Continental Patagonia. In the insular area it is found in association with maritime littoral adaptations and displays high variability in raw materials and design.
In Continental Pa...
This paper presents a regional model of archaeological distributions in the context of a project framed by landscape ecology and landscape archaeology. The spatial model is constructed using Binford’s (2001) broad behavioural hunter-gatheresr and climatic data and the specific spatial configuration of the study area. The location of archaeological...
En estudios arqueológicos realizados en el noroeste de la Patagonia se han encontrado evidencias de ocupaciones humanas desde comienzos del Holoceno tardío y de la circulación de materiales hallados en estos sitios entre ambas vertientes de la cordillera. Sobre la base del comportamiento humano y de factores ambientales, se evalúa la existencia de...
Thirty years after Kirch (1980) seminal paper, this work reviews the role of adaptation in contemporary archaeological thought and discusses its use. In this process, the use of this concept in biology will be examined as well as its use in archaeology, as it is incorporated in processualism, selectionism and Dual Inheritance theories. The author c...
Different kinds of transmitted information can potentially be recorded
in rock art. A research project developed in Northwest Andean Patagonia is
presented as a means of evaluating the types of information that might be
transmitted by rock art in this region. For the study area, some authors have
argued that Late Holocene Patagonian rock art reflec...
La práctica arqueológica muchas veces se dirige al estudio de colecciones albergadas en museos, las más de las veces museos arqueológicos o antropológicos. Sin embargo, la historia de la arqueología y sus especificidades en la Argentina, la " historia de vida " de ciertas colecciones y las diversas vicisitudes políticas y de otra índole que atraves...
Thirty years after Kirch (1980) seminal paper, this work reviews the role of adaptation in contemporary archaeological thought and discusses its use. In this process, the use of this concept in biology will be examined as well as its use in archaeology, as it is incorporated in processualism, selectionism and Dual Inheritance theories. The author c...
Tecnología ósea en las playas de Bahía Valentín, Península Mitre, Tierra del Fuego
En este trabajo damos a conocer lo que sabemos hasta el momento sobre la historia del poblamiento del bosque del suroeste de Río Negro y noroeste de Chubut a partir de una perspectiva arqueológica. Desde hace al menos 3000 años hasta tiempos relativamente recientes sociedades de cazadores-recolectores desarrollaron distintas estrategias para integr...
Humans have made use of diverse raw materials to make tools. Some were used just as they were found, without any modification (e.g. antlers used as digging tools). Others underwent different processes that adapted their properties to the tasks they were to perform. In other words, a tool was designed.
Design is here understood as a set of metrical,...
Hunters-gatherers have inhabited Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego (in the southern tip of South America) since 10 000 years BP. From 6000 years BP they depended heavily on coastal resources and developed specialised technologies to exploit them. Pinnipeds were the main staples and Fueguian inhabitants developed special techniques to hunt them. Age s...
Este trabajo se propone explorar como se transmiten las ideas en el ámbito de la arqueología. para ello toma como caso particular el de un marco teórico especifico, la teoría evolutiva y lo hace en una población particular: la de los/as arqueólogos/as argentinos/as
In a previous paper (Scheinsohn and Szumik 2007) patterns of spatial distribution of archaeological
materials were identified in Northwestern Patagonia in order to test the existence of different
populations at the forest and the steppe of Late Holocene NW Patagonia (see Casamiquela
1965, Albornoz and Cuneo 2000, Hajduk et al. 2004). In that occasi...
INTRODUCCIÓN El vasto territorio patagónico, compartido por Chile y Argentina desde la creación de los estados nacionales, presenta paisajes heterogéneos que plantearon impor-tantes desafíos a los grupos humanos que comenzaron a ocuparlo desde hace más de diez mil años. Algunos de estos desafíos tienen que ver con la presencia de características bi...
INTRODUCCIÓN Una de las preguntas que ha estado presente en la literatura arqueológica patagónica de los últimos años gira en torno a cómo se usó el espacio en el bosque y la estepa. Si bien se han registrado ocupaciones antiguas en zonas boscosas de la Patagonia Norte (por ejemplo Monteverde en Chile ver Dillehay 1989 y 1997 y Traful I en Argentin...
El trabajo de investigación de arqueólogos argentinos en la Patagonia durante los últimos años ha permitido conocer los misterios de esas tierras y de sus primeros habitantes. Las versiones oficiales han quedado caducas. En este artículo conoceremos acerca de un "desierto" habitado, de crónicas influidas por la cultura europea y fundamentalmente de...
Resumen: En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un proyecto de investigación arqueológica en la Comarca Andina del Paralelo 42º (NO de la Provincia de Chubut y SO de la Provincia de Río Negro; Argentina) en donde se ha abordado esta temática. Se presentan el análisis de los casos trabajados: Cerro Pintado (Cholila), Paredón Lanfré (Valle de...
In the context of a project framed on ecological landscape archaeology, a predictive model of site location is con-structed from broad patterns of hunter-gatherer ecology (Binford 2001) applied to the specific environmental char-acteristics of a sub-antarctic steppe-forest ecotone. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and image processing...
Archaeological research in Comarca Andina del Paralelo 42º (CA42, NW Chubut Province and SW Río Negro Province, NW Patagonia, Argentina) began in 1995. At first the main concern was to record and preserve endangered rock art sites discovered in that area (Bellelli et al. 1998 and 1999, Podestá et al. 2000). Later, archaeological research was develo...
In the context of a project framed on ecological landscape archaeology, a predictive model of site location is constructed from broad patterns of hunter-gatherer ecology (Binford 2001) applied to the specific environmental characteristics of a sub-antarctic steppe-forest ecotone. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and image processing a...
Se emplea el enfoque de identificación de hábitat, con apoyo del procesamiento de imágenes y SIG, para diseñar un modelo espacial que permita predecir la ubicación de materiales arqueológicos en la Comarca Andina del Paralelo 42, Patagonia, Argentina. A partir de una imagen satelital Landsat TM se genera un mapa de cobertura de la tierra mediante c...
En publicaciones anteriores hemos planteado un modelo de uso del bosque templado mixto y su ecotono con la estepa. Las investigaciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo en la localidad Cholila (Noroeste de la Provincia del Chubut, Argentina) han permitido obtener resultados acerca de las distribuciones de artefactos y su visibilidad, así como informaci...
A general overview of hunter-gatherer archaeology in South America is given by recognizing the main problems in a South American context. Environmental framework and Paleoecological changes are summarized. Pleistocene and Holocene archaeology is reviewed in terms of these particularities. With respect to the Pleistocene, I review Pre-Clovis human p...
A fines del siglo pasado, algunos biólogos sostuvieron que el Hemisferio Norte era el sitio de origen de todas las formas de vida actuales. A partir de allí y por distintos procesos, esos organismos se habrían dispersado hacia el Sur. Este modelo fue denominado efecto Sherwin-Williams (Crisci y Morrone 1990, ver también en Morello 1984, Darlington...
En este trabajo se discute la historia de la arqueología del paisaje y se dan a conocer propuestas elaboradas a partir de la Ecología del Paisaje para la Comarca Andina del Paralelo 42 Patagonia, Argentina
The paper presented here is framed within the field of experimental archeology. From research on bone tools in Tierra del Fiego arose the necessity of identifying use and manufacture traces to achieve accuracy when giving "tool" names to certain specimens which are doubtful as artifacts. For that purpose, and as a first step, an experimental study...
This paper considers the relationship between mechanical properties, function and design in prehistoric bone tools. The evidence that supports this association could lead to the interpretation of bone tool collections in the light of evolutionary theory. In order to evaluate the interaction among these three factors we have studied the mechanical a...
This paper considers the relationship between mechanical properties, function and design in prehistoric bone tools. The evidence that supports this association could lead to the interpretation of bone tool collections in the light of evolutionary theory. In order to evaluate the interaction among these three factors we have studied the mechanical a...
RESUMEN En este trabajo se propone un modelo para interpretar la historia del aprovechamiento de las materias primas óseas en Tierra del Fuego. Este modelo pretende ser un primer intento de aplicar conceptos relacionados con la Teoría de la Evolución al desarrollo de estas materias primas. Los datos que aquí se presentan, provenientes de algunos si...
Hace ya un tiempo, uno de los autores (Scheinsohn 1989, 1990) comenzó a estudiar las materias primas óseas de la Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, enmarcadas dentro de un análisis como el señalado. Esta región, desde un punto de vista arqueológico, se caracteriza por la utilización intensiva de esas materias primas desde hace seis mil años. En otras...
Results on bone tools and bone tools potential blanks for tools recorded in arcaheofaunal record on three sites of argentinian Tierra del Fuego are presented ( in Spanish)
Three samples of bone tools are analyzed: 1 ethnographic sample (belonging to the Museo de La PIata) and 2 archaeological samples (Bahia Valentín and Túnel 1). Differences were detected regarding 1) explotaition of bone raw material 2) proportion of morphological groups represented: 3) changes within a given morphological group. An hypothesis is pr...
