Vittorio Casella

• University of Pavia

The past decade has seen remarkable advancements in Earth observation satellite technologies, leading to an unprecedented level of detail in satellite imagery, with ground resolutions nearing an impressive 30 cm. This progress has significantly broadened the scope of satellite imagery utilization across various domains that were traditionally relia...

Precision Agriculture has shown how to improve the production chain by reducing fertilizers and consequently reducing pollution and costs, sometimes with improvements in yield. This research is carried out in Italy, in collaboration with the agronomic consultancy agency “Dr.Agr. P.A. Barbieri and Dr.Agr.G.L. Rognoni” (Casteggio - Pavia, Lombardia)...

L’evoluzione dell’agricoltura ha compiuto significativi avanzamenti negli ultimi 20 anni, procedendo nella direzione della sostenibilità anche grazie ad indicazioni sovranazionali come il Green Deal Europeo e i Sustainable Development Goals delle Nazioni Unite. Questo processo ha permesso lo sviluppato di una maggiore consapevolezza verso queste te...

Valorisation of cultural heritage is a priority of international community, and the creation of 3D models is considered almost a mandatory requirement to any conservation activity. Geomatics has given its contribution to this purpose offering its competences and experiences in surveying. Methods and tools have progressively improved offering more r...

The Data Atlas is the centerpiece of the PERISCOPE project’s data-driven research. The Atlas constitutes a centralized access point for the exploration, visualization and analysis of the original data produced by PERISCOPE partners, integrated with the most relevant information about the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on health, economics, polic...

In the last few months, we have been working on images acquired by the WorldView3 satellite over the city of Pavia with the final intent to create a soil permeability map. These maps can be particularly useful in various fields, such as water management and public green, for evaluate the correlation between overbuilt areas and pollution, the influe...

In the last century, the increase in traffic, human activities and industrial production have led to a diffuse presence of air pollution, which causes an increase of risk of several health conditions such as respiratory diseases. In Europe, air pollution is a serious concern that affects several areas, one of the worst ones being northern Italy, an...

The paper presents a case study on the application of Geomatics to terrain’s deformation monitoring. Within the EU H2020 LiquefACT project, the Laboratory of Geomatics of the University of Pavia (Italy) was appointed to quantify the subsidence suffered by the terrain due to some trials conducted in the test site of Pieve di Cento, Northern Italy. G...

Recent years showed a gradual transition from terrestrial to aerial survey thanks to the development of UAV and sensors for it. Many sectors benefited by this change among which geological one; drones are flexible, cost-efficient and can support outcrops surveying in many difficult situations such as inaccessible steep and high rock faces. The expe...

Leica Geosystems recently introduced a multi-constellation GNSS sensor named GS18i. It is capable to perform tilt compensation and has an integrated photogrammetric camera, allowing the users to measure inaccessible features: this is called visual positioning. The Laboratory of Geomatics, at the University of Pavia – Italy, performed a first evalua...

In questo lavoro si analizza la ricostruzione di modelli 3D dettagliati in ESRI ArcGIS Pro. Il fine è l’esplorazione delle funzioni per la pianificazione e la gestione di una futura “Smart City”. Le tematiche prese in considerazione sono l’evoluzione del GIS dal 2D al 3D, l’elaborazione dettagliata di tetti e unità abitative, la gestione del verde...

Con la diffusione della pandemia di COVID-19 iniziata nel 2020, nell’ambito del progetto europeo H2020 PERISCOPE è nata l’esigenza di realizzare uno strumento di analisi delle realtà su cui la pandemia ha avuto maggiore impatto: trattasi di quelle socio-economiche, di salute pubblica e sistema sanitario, e di policy adottate per contrastarne gli ef...

Nell’ambito del progetto della Regione Lombardia denominato CE4WE, viene effettuata la classificazione di lunghe e frequenti serie storiche di immagini Sentinel-2, allo scopo di ottenere una mappa di uso del suolo dinamica. La classificazione è stata effettuata, per ora, nella sola modalità a immagine singola. Sono stati tuttavia considerati divers...

In Epidemiology, exposure assessment is the process of measuring or estimating the intensity of human exposures to an environmental agent such as air pollution. Healthcare agencies typically take into consideration yearly averaged pollution values and apply them to all citizens, in risk models. However distinct parts of cities can have significantl...

Exposomics is a novel concept that indicates the combination of all the external factors we are exposed to throughout our entire life, as the environment we live in, our lifestyle and behavior are able to have a notable influence on our health. The quantity and typology of environmental factors we are exposed to are clearly dependent on the geograp...

Exposomics is a science aiming at quantifying the effects on human health of all the factors influencing it, but genetic ones. They include environment, food, mobility habits and cultural factors. The percentage of the world’s population living in the urban areas is projected to increase in the next decades. Rising industrialization, urbanization a...

Dense point clouds can be nowadays considered the main product of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetric processing and clouds registration is still a key aspect in case of blocks acquired apart. In the paper some overlapping datasets, acquired with a multispectral Parrot Sequoia camera above some rice fields, are analysed in a single block...

Despite the silent effects sometimes hidden to the major audience, air pollution is becoming one of the most impactful threat to global health. Standing to the report of the European Environmental Agencies the number of deaths from cardiovascular disease that can be attributed only in Europe alone,is about 790.000 a year and each of these deaths af...

Despite the silent effects sometimes hidden to the major audience, air pollution is becoming one of the most impactful threat to global health. Cities are the places where deaths due to air pollution are concentrated most.

A Public Health Observatory (PHO) is a platform to provide “health intelligence” as a service for a specific population. The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies the primary purposes of PHOs as “monitoring health situations and trends, including assessing progress toward agreed-upon health-related targets; producing and sharing evidence; and,...

Objective: Most diseases result from the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The exposome can be defined as a systematic approach to acquire large data sets corresponding to environmental exposures of an individual along her/ his life. The objective of this contribution is to raise awareness within the health informatics co...

The global healthcare landscape is continuously changing throughout the world as technology advances, leading to a gradual change in lifestyle. Several diseases such as asthma and cardiovascular conditions are becoming more diffuse, due to a rise in pollution exposure and a more sedentary lifestyle. Healthcare providers deal with increasing new cha...

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems are heavily adopted nowadays to collect high-resolution imagery with the purpose of documenting and mapping environment and cultural heritage. Such data are currently processed by programs based on the Structure from Motion (SfM) concept, coming from the computer vision community, rather than from classical pho...

This paper is about the geometric and radiometric consistency of diverse and overlapping datasets acquired with the Parrot Sequoia camera. The multispectral imagery datasets were acquired above agricultural fields in Northern Italy and radiometric calibration images were taken before each flight. Processing was performed with the Pix4Dmapper suite...

Within the EU-funded Pulse project, we are implementing a data analytic platform designed to provide public health decision makers with advanced approaches to jointly analyze maps and geospatial information with health care data and air pollution measurements. In this paper we describe a component of such platform, designed to couple deep learning...

Despite the silent effects sometimes hidden to the major audience, air pollution is becoming one of the most impactful threat to global health. Standing to the report of the European Environmental Agencies the number of deaths from cardiovascular disease that can be attributed only in Europe alone,is about 790.000 a year and each of these deaths af...

Diagenesis is a key controlling factor on sandstone porosity and permeability. Understanding type, paragenetic sequence and spatial patterns of cements is thus important for assessing sandstone hydrocarbon reservoir properties. In this study Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry is used to evaluate the shape and spatial distribution of calci...

The percentage of the world's population living in urban areas is projected to increase in the next decades. Big cities are heterogeneous environments in which socioeconomic and environmental differences among the neighborhoods are often very pronounced. Each individual, during his/her life, is constantly subject to a mix of exposures that have an...

The percentage of the world's population living in urban areas is projected to increase significantly in the next decades. This makes the urban environment the perfect bench for research aiming to manage and respond to dramatic demographic and epidemiological transitions. In this context the PULSE project has partnered with five global cities to tr...

The urban analytics expression is spreading out. To our understanding, it deals with the capability of measuring cities and their communities, as a support to their effective planning and management. In other words, being an analytically well-known city is a precondition for pursuing smartness. Urban planning is a very important item for city manag...

The urban analytics expression is spreading out. To our understanding, it deals with the capability of measuring cities and their communities, as a support to their effective planning and management. In other words, being an analytically well-known city is a precondition for pursuing smartness. Urban planning is a very important item for city manag...

Among the parts of the territory requiring periodical and careful monitoring, many have steep surfaces: quarries, river basins, land-slides, dangerous mountainsides. Aerial photogrammetry based on lightweight unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) is rapidly becoming the tool of election to survey limited areas of land with a high level of detail. Aerial...

Among the parts of the territory requiring periodical and careful monitoring, many have steep surfaces: quarries, river basins, land-slides, dangerous mountainsides. Aerial photogrammetry based on lightweight unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) is rapidly becoming the tool of election to survey limited areas of land with a high level of detail. Aerial...

The main scope of the paper is performing appropriate kriging interpolation of the diabetes prevalence data coming from the Pavia (Italy) Local Health Care Agency (ASL). The original dataset is analyzed, the Bayesian regularization is evaluated, which is applied by other authors and finally prevalence data are simulated by means of random fields, i...

Scopo principale dell’articolo è presentare una modalità automatica per il calcolo del Biotope Area Factor (BAF). Gli autori anzitutto danno una illustrazione sintetica dell’indice BAF e della sua utilità nella pianificazione urbanistica. Successivamente descrivono la procedura automatica per la stima del BAF che è stata sviluppata. Essa è basata s...

The problem of excessive soil sealing and the consequent macro-microclimate degradation process need specific measures. The use of standards and indexes finalized to the regulation of the soil permeability permits flexible and resilient solutions that allow environment to find a new balance. The application of the Biotope Area Factor (BAF), as inde...

Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) are widely used in many sectors. They play a key role in hydrological risk prevention, risk mitigation and numeric simulations. This paper deals with two questions: (i) when it is stated that a DTM has a given vertical accuracy, is this assertion univocal? (ii) when DTM vertical accuracy is assessed by means of checkpo...

Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) play a key role in hydrological risk prevention and mitigation: hydraulic numeric simulations, slope and aspect maps all heavily rely on DEMs. Hydraulic numeric simulations require the used DEM to have a defined accuracy, in order to obtain reliable results. Are the DEM accuracy figures clearly and uniquely defined?...

The paper concerns an in-depth study of the attainable accuracy of Leica ADS40 imagery. The study has been carried out with the Socet-Set and ORIMA programs and takes advantage of the Pavia Test Site, where many artificial and natural, very well measured control points are available. Three flights are considered, having a relative height of approxi...

Every year environmental disasters such as storms, floods and earthquakes cause thousands of deaths and a great deal of damage around the world. The scientific community is involved in the endeavour of monitoring environmental problems, preventing disasters and supporting rescue efforts. Geomatics is heavily concerned with all the aspects of disast...

L’avvento di Google Earth ha certamente rivoluzionato il mondo dell’informazione geografica e ha creato di fatto un nuovo tipo di prodotto cartografico, i Digital Globe. Per la verità, esistevano esempi simili già in precedenza, ma è stato Google Earth a farli conoscere a tutto il mondo. The accuracy of Google Earth images: a case study on the cit...

The particular sensor geometry of the airborne Three-Line-Scanner (TLS) requires new approaches to solve the triangulation problem. A modified bundle adjustment algorithm with the possibility of using three different trajectory models and self-calibration has been developed at the Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry (IGP), ETH Zurich and implem...

This paper addresses the use of HySenS airborne hyperspectral data for environmental urban monitoring. It is known that hyperspectral data can help to characterize some of the relations between soil composition, vegetation characteristics, and natural/artificial materials in urbanized areas. During the project we collected DAIS and ROSIS data over...

The paper concerns selected results from a vast Italian research project regarding calibration of GPS/IMU systems and the quality of direct georeferencing in photogrammetry. Thanks to Pavia's Test Site (PTS) and to a complex structure of flight data which was acquired above it, it is possible to perform rigorous and independent validation of result...

The paper describes one of the first outcomes of an Italian national research Project on inertial positioning in photogrammetry. The focus of the paper is on the quality which is attainable from direct photogrammetry in an industrial production context. Even if GPS/IMU -aided photogrammetry is used rather widely, it is still useful to perform rigor...

Riassunto > La nota descrive i primi risultati di un Progetto di ricerca italiano sul posizionamento inerziale in fotogrammetria. L'articolo riguarda in particolare la qualità ottenibile nelle misure fotogrammetri-che con fotogrammi orientati direttamente e acquisiti in un contesto produttivo. Anche se la fotogrammetria supportata da GPS/IMU è abba...

A method is described for the estimation of planimetric precision of laser scanning data. Due to the nearly random distribution of the points hit by the laser, it is difficult to use the very standard technique of measuring the same points with the instrument under investigation and with another one, whose performances are well known and better tha...

In this paper we propose a comparison of the most important digital terrain model extraction techniques proposed in urban environments. In particular, we focus here on those based on digital signal processing applied to LIDAR data and on stereo photogrammetry. To this aim, we start from a data set composed by LIDAR and photo acquisitions over the t...

A method is described for the estimation of planimetric precision of laser scanning data. Due to the nearly random distribution of the points hit by the laser, it is difficult to use the very standard technique of measuring the same points with the instrument under investigation and with another one, whose performances are well known and better tha...

A method is described for the estimation of planimetric precision of laser scanning data. Due to the nearly random dis-tribution of the points hit by the laser, it is difficult to use the very standard technique of measuring the same points with the instrument under investigation and with another one, whose performances are well known and better th...

In this paper we describe the first results achieved by elaboration of laser scanning data on Pavia area test. We explore the possibility to obtain a graphic product comparable to traditional maps and suitable for urban planning.

The present work describes an attempt to realize digital maps automatic classification. In particular the aim is to select the built zone, that part of the territory essentially characterized by the presence of buildings. Different selection methods are taken into account: local and non local, with one, two or three parameters. The pattern recognit...

This paper is devoted to analyze and improve a recently introduced technique that may be applied to Digital Surface Models (DSMs) produced by different sensors (Interferometric SAR, for instance, or LIDAR, or even photogrammetry) for object detection and extraction. The proposed approach, based on modified image analysis techniques, does not need t...

The paper concerns selected results from a vast work regarding calibration of GPS/IMU systems and quality of direct georeferencing in photogrammetry. Thanks to Pavia's Test Site (PTS) and to a complex structure of flights which were acquired above it, it is possible to perform rigorous and independent validation of results. This means: the possibil...

The ADS40 camera is a commercial example of the airborne Three-Line-Scanner (TLS). Its particular sensor geometry requires new approaches and a specialization of methods and algorithms to solve the triangulation problem. The goal of the paper is to investigate the geometric accuracy performance of an ADS40 camera under various network configuration...

When it is necessary to determine the precision of a certain instrument B, devoted to point position measurement for instance, but not necessarily, one way is to measure a certain number of points with B as well as with another instru- ment A, whose precision is known. Forming the differences between the B and A measurements, it is possible to calc...

ABSTRACT The particular sensor geometry ,of the ,airborne Three-Line-Scanner ,(TLS) requires new ,approaches ,to solve ,the triangulation problem. A modified bundle adjustment algorithm,with the possibility of using three different trajectory models,and self-calibration has been developed at the Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry (IGP), ETH Zu...

The particular sensor geometry of the airborne Three-Line-Scanner (TLS) brings complexity into the triangulation process. A specialization of the methods and algorithms is therefore required. A modified bundle adjustment algorithm with the possibility of using three different trajectory models and self-calibration has been developed at the Institut...

Riassunto La presente nota descrive un lavoro di estrazione semiautomatica di edifici da dati laser scanning, effettuata con il software TerraScan della Ditta finlandese TerraSolid. Tale lavoro è stato svolto su una zona abbastanza estesa della città di Pavia, che presenta una buona varietà di edificato, con edi-fici dalla forma molto semplice, ma...

The paper deals with an Italian research Project on direct photogrammetry, active in the period 2003-2004. Among its most interest-ing features are: usage of a rich test site, having 160 artificial GCPs and 60 natural ones; performing of four dedicated flights, each containing different blocks at different scales. The goals and the phases of the Pr...

RIASSUNTO Il lavoro concerne lo studio delle accuratezze ottenibili dalle immagini Leica ADS40. La ricerca è stata condotta utilizzando software commerciali quali Socet-Set ed Orima e dati acquisiti sul test-site di Pavia. In particolare sono stati presi in considerazioni tre blocchi acquisiti nell'agosto 2004 a tre differenti quote di volo: 2000,...