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Publications (70)
Urban form is an important driver of energy demand and therefore of GHG emissions in urban areas. Yet, research on urban form and energy remains sectorial and hasn’t been able to deliver a full understanding of the impact of the physical structure of cities upon their energy demand. Most common approaches feature engineering models in buildings, an...
The implications of urban form on energy have long been present in international debate, whether considering travel patterns or thermal comfort in buildings. The urban environment is a result of a set of intertwined attributes, the understanding of which is often unclear. The energy trade-offs between urban form attributes haven’t received proper a...
This work provides a comprehensive approach for electrification of rural areas of Kenya through taking into account both energy demand and supply sides. Toward this, a pre-fabricated composite building is assessed by defining two different levels of energy needs and calculating annual cooling and heating energy demands to keep the occupants within...
Retrofitting in the historical centre of Porto vs buildings thermal regulations and energy labelling
Posted on July, 15 in EuroSun2008-4
A Agenda Regional da Energia, que visa promover os valores do novo paradigma energético caracterizado por uma maior adequação ambiental, produção descentralizada de proximidade e exploração das energias locais, insere-se num quadro de crescente responsabilidade do lado da procura energética, nomeadamente, da procura pública e dos agentes do mercado...
Pre-fabricated composite buildings are proposed as sustainable sheltering and housing solutions for developing countries. This work compares different passive cooling techniques of shading, natural ventilation, cool painting and increase in thickness of interior gypsum plaster for these buildings to tackle overheating in hot climates. The studied t...
The need to integrate research on urban morphology with that on energy has been argued previously in this journal (Oliveira and Silva, 2013). Despite well-documented evidence on the influence of the physical patterns of urban areas on present and future energy demand, urban morphology and energy studies exist in largely separate worlds.
Targets are crucial to the definition, effort and investment implied in any plan. The way how they are set should therefore be carefully thought and decided. In the context of local energy planning, however, the increasingly active attitude of local stakeholders has not yet been corresponded by an evolution on the way how targets are set. The aim o...
Empirical data for residential indoor temperature and its determinants have important implications for policymakers in terms of the assessment of thermal comfort, health of occupants and the use for supporting energy demand models. With the purpose of advancing this knowledge, the indoor temperatures of 141 households in the Northern Portugal were...
First initiatives of energy and climate action at the local level can be tracked back into the 1990s. Nevertheless, only in the last decade integrated local energy planning initiatives have gained greater expression. The new energy paradigm calls for a need to focus on the energy services for which energy is actually demanded and to critically asse...
Material selection is a key step in product design and typically aims at identifying the most suitable material that meets product performance goals at minimum cost. In recent years research has been driven for developing sustainable solutions at competitive costs. This work evaluates the sustainability of advanced sandwich-structured composites fo...
The concept of Net Zero Energy Buildings is gaining momentum. However, the underlying idea of offsetting the energy drawn from the grids with local production is yet to be proven as economically efficient, namely when compared with alternatives such as district/neighbourhood-level facilities or adding more large-scale facilities to the national gri...
A energia é um factor essencial do desenvolvimento enquanto recurso natural, isto é, enquanto parte do ambiente cuja utilização, indispensável às actividades produtivas e ao bem estar, pode interferir de maneira decisiva com esse mesmo ambiente, não só à escala local mas, até, à escala do Planeta.
Recent worldwide concerns on environmental issues have led to a trend to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Previous studies indicate that building
sector is responsible for almost one third of global carbon emissions. Therefore,
there is an urgent need to decrease these emissions not only in use
phase, but also by substituting typical construction m...
Previous studies have shown that the choice of the behavioural model for the control of lighting and shading devices has important implications in the energy performance assessment of office buildings and directly influences the comparison of design alternatives for control systems as well as for the façades (shading or glazing). Since many behavio...
This work studies the impact of using cool paints and/or thermal insulation on the thermal behavior and energy demand of a residential building. Buildings with thermal characteristics representing both old and new constructions are considered. The results were obtained using the dynamic computer simulator ESP-r. Recommendations for designers and/or...
This paper proposes a new approach to deal with the problem of building national energy efficiency (EE) plans, considering multiple objectives instead of only energy savings. The objectives considered are minimizing the influence of energy use on climate change, minimizing the financial risk from the investment, maximizing the security of energy su...
The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of the energy planning (EP) activities being conducted in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Of particular interest is the establishment of an understanding of current practices. A matrix of evaluation of literature was developed and applied, to find out who is active in E...
This work explores the potential of the energy certificates databases, established in EU countries after the EPBD, to characterize the Energy Performance of the residential building stock and the gap between the nominal needs and the actual energy use from the national energy balances, using Portugal mainland as case-study. It also assesses the imp...
This study analyses the feasibility of active implantable medical devices waste treatment. After contacts with some responsible for the management of these devices in Portugal, it is possible to verify that none have a treatment process for this devices after been used, so they are stored in the hospitals or they can be delivered to the patience, i...
A temática da energia, sempre presente como fator de bem-estar dos cidadãos e de produção de riqueza e de desenvolvimento de uma qualquer sociedade, atravessou século de pujança tecnológica e económica que conduziu aos níveis de desenvolvimento socioeconómico e às expressões de industrialização e urbanização de hoje.
Surgiu, entretanto, já na décad...
Generative design systems coupled with objective functions can be efficiently explored through the use of stochastic optimization algorithms, such as genetic algorithms. The first step in implementing genetic algorithms is to define a representation, that is, the data structure representative of the genotype space and its mathematical relation to t...
Background: Recent estimates show that 2 million DALYs (disability adjusted life years) are lost annually witin the EU due to poor indoor air quality. Energy performance of buildings is one of the key areas where energy consumption and climate change abatement is pressed. The current work evaluates the European ventilation guidelines proposed by th...
The envelope shape, the most salient design characteristic in a building, has significant influence on its energy performance. However, in the early design stages, when the envelope shape is defined, energy performance information is normally nonexistent, due to modeling for energy simulation being a time-consuming task, frequently overlooked at th...
This study presents the results of a monitoring campaign aiming to further our understanding of occupants' behavior regarding the manual control of electric lighting in combination with shading control. It was performed on eight single-occupied offices in the city of Porto, Portugal during periods ranging from 28 to 60 days per office. A wide range...
The architectural design variables which most influence the energy performance of a building are the envelope materials, shape and window areas. As these start to be defined in the early design stages, designers require simple tools to obtain information about the energy performance of the building for the design variations being considered at this...
This work seeks to identify the fundamental objectives behind the development of energy efficiency (EE) plans for countries. It also presents a method to quantify the degree of achievement of each objective, through the identification and operationalization of attributes. This was achieved by applying Keeney's value-focused thinking approach. For t...
This work developed a methodology and an associated calculation platform in order to identify the economic efficient design solutions for residential Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) design considering the influence of the local climate, the endogenous energy resources and the local economic conditions. One case study of a detached house for 3 clima...
This work performs a comprehensive characterization of the relation between energy use and ventilation rates in both residential and services buildings in the diversity of European climates. Through detailed building simulation, a sensitivity analysis was performed considering four building types (detached house, apartment, office and school), thre...
Planning the transition period for the adoption of alternative fuel-technology powertrains is a challenging task that requires sophisticated analysis tools. In this study, a system dynamic approach was applied to analyze the bi-directional interaction between the development of the refueling station network and vehicle sales. Besides, the developed...
This work reviews existing models of control patterns for occupant–shading interactions in office buildings, and studies their influence in terms of energy demand when comparing transparent façade alternatives. It starts by establishing a review of visual comfort criteria in office buildings and of the conditions that prompt occupants to interact w...
This research aims to develop a skylight system that responds to both external, environmental conditions and adjustable internal functional demands. The system adapts to different geometries, uses, locations, times and sky conditions. In the design process, the disposition and size of skylights are customized to the context. After construction, the...
This paper explores the potential use of the Energy Performance of Buildings assessment schemes developed after the EPBD to perform estimates of fuel poverty in countries, under the nominal conditions of their certification schemes. The methodology is applied to Portugal as an example, considering the UK definition of fuel poverty as the condition...
Energy planning is at the top priorities of local authorities nowadays. Problems such as the depletion of natural resources, the wellbeing of human population and the security of energy supply have became the main drivers to change the current fossil fuel-based energy paradigm. In order to put into practice energy planning processes at the local le...
![Table 1 Estimated ventilation rate distributions in European countries [17]](profile/Pawel-Wargocki/publication/289172850/figure/tbl1/AS:668709605609508@1536444202999/Estimated-ventilation-rate-distributions-in-European-countries-17_Q320.jpg)
Everyone has a right to safe living environment, including indoor air quality (IAQ) that does not endanger the health. Nevertheless the recent European EnVie project estimated that the annual burden of disease (BoD) related to inadequate IAQ is 2 million disability adjusted life years (DALY) in EU27 in 2008. Reducing this BoD is a high priority in...
This work analyzes different modeling methodologies for balancing the electricity supply sources and the electricity demand in systems with high penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources, such as wind and run-of-river hydro. This work also explores the reasons and the circumstances where common balance approaches used by mid- and long-te...
The concept of net zero energy building (NZEB) is relatively new, but its deployment in building design construction practice is occurring quickly, with many countries now promising to make it mandatory for new constructions in a few years. It is therefore important to determine the relationship between research and NZEBs, in a context in which the...
This report was produced as part of the THINK project. Cities represent simultaneously a challenge and an opportunity for climate change policy. Chapter 1 introduces the fundamentals of energy in cities, distinguishing between cities as energy systems and energy actors. Cities are the place where most energy services are needed because urbanization...
This paper presents a multi-criteria evaluation framework for the choice of alternative fuel/technology options of light-duty vehicle fleets in a mid-term horizon. These alternatives include not only fleets with one
single technology but also fleets combining several fuel/technologies. A comprehensive literature review has identified the key metric...
Tackling climate change is a growing concern of our society. Although action is needed at all levels of governance, local authorities play a key role in climate action. The creation of sustainable energy and climate action plans at the local level are recent trends that show increasing local commitment. During the last decade, several municipalitie...
The main objective of this study is to develop and validate a systematic methodology to model a system of buried pipes, assisted by a solar chimney to promote the natural ventilation, in the whole building simulation software ESP-r (Clarke 2001), from a software user perspective. This development was supported by monitored data collected at an expe...
Energy challenges of today encompass a paradigm shift, moving from
centralized systems focused on energy production to a decentralized
management approach. Local authorities have an important role to play in
promoting sustainable energy systems. Initiatives emerging in the European
Union and in other parts of the world, such as the Covenant of Mayo...
O presente relatório-síntese do Observatório para a Sustentabilidade Energético ambiental dos Edifícios da Cidade do Porto, reporta os dados recolhidos entre Setembro e Dezembro de 2008, referentes a processos de licenciamento com data de entrada posterior a 1 de Julho de 2007. O objectivo geral de promover a melhoria do desempenho energético-ambie...
Contribuição da área de Energia para o PROT-N:
• Diagnóstico
• Objetivos Estratégicos
• Normas Orientadoras
• Plano de Execução
In most European regulations the thermal performance of the buildings is expressed mainly in terms of energy needs or energy consumption. This is the case of the Portuguese regulation. However, in the Mediterranean area and in temperate climates as in Portugal, given the mild climate and the tradition, it is not usual to control in a permanent way...
Portugal has new building energy regulation since 2006, coupled with a building energy certification scheme in force since 2007. The regulation for residential buildings has several requirements that must be met, among which are limits to the nominal heating and cooling needs, to the nominal final energy for domestic hot water and to the nominal pr...
Since 2006 Portugal has a new thermal regulation and since 2008 an energy labeling scheme which applies to significantly retrofitted buildings the same requirements as for the new ones. There are requirements related with the envelope and with the energy supply systems, since the nominal primary energy consumption for heating, cooling and domestic...
O atual contexto energético-ambiental do planeta permite perspetivar grandes desafios e necessidades de mudança nas décadas vindouras. Em Portugal são hoje prementes as preocupações com a limitação de emissões poluentes, nomeadamente no âmbito do Protocolo de Quioto e das
negociações para o período pós-Quioto, a que acrescem questões como a segura...
Energy policies throughout the world are crossing a very challenging period regarding the security of the supply and the economic competitiveness, as well as the environmentally sensitive planning of energy systems, with climate change issues at the top of the concerns. Regarding the electric power systems, more than the direct changes in some elec...
Os Edifícios e o Sistema Energético
Hierarquia: Sistemas sobre Tecnologias
Valorização da Procura
Optimização adaptada às condições locais
Fluxos de Materiais – Balanço Materiais
Microgeração
Visão Macro: Edifícios vs Comunidades
Aplicação (1)
Aplicação (2)
Teses
- http://www.encontrociencia.pt/home/
- https://arquivo.pt/wayback/20180504071227/htt...
The SOLVENT window is an innovative glazing system concept that involves the use of a rotating frame, an absorptive glazing and a naturally ventilated vertical channel, in order to improve the balance between the visual comfort and the energy efficiency of windows.The tools available for simulating the behaviour of the window in terms of visual com...
Library buildings offer special conditions to favor the adoption of low energy strategies. In addition, their potential high degree of interaction with the youth and a specific educational role makes of libraries one of the best typologies of public buildings to spread good practices on how to manage energy, indoor environment and sustainability. T...
Nevertheless, it could be stated that dampness and moulds are cases of pollution sources that could, in theory, be totally removed. This would enable the elimination of those sources and effects by the use of a source control strategy. In fact, if the control of a few physical parameters could be guaranteed, the occurrence of dampness and moulds wo...
The energy balance of small temperature sensors was modelled to illustrate the effects of sensor characteristics, particularly size, on the accuracy of readings in the presence of strong shortwave or longwave radiant loads. For all but extremely small sensors, radiant exchange may lead to unacceptable errors. The common practice of using passively...
Whole building simulation may play a key role in the optimization and assessment of the market potential of new building components. ESP-r was used for these purposes in the development of a novel ventilated reversible glazing system. The innovative character of the 'SOLVENT' window required the development of a specific simulation approach within...
Preliminary experiments with a novel glazing system developed at the Desert Architecture and Urban Planning Unit of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel indicated that it may provide improved visual and thermal performance in buildings with large glazed areas located in sunny regions, regardless of orientation. In winter, it reduces glare,...
The energy balance of small temperature sensors was modeled to illustrate the effects of sensor characteristics, particularly size, on the accuracy of readings in the presence of strong radiant loads, either of short or long wavelengths. For all but extremely small sensors, radiant exchange may lead to unacceptable errors. The common practice of us...
Whole building simulation may play a key role in the optimization and assessment of the market potential of new building components. In the SOLVENT Project, ESP-r was used for such purposes, in the case applied to a new reversible ventilated window. The innovative character of the window required the development of a specific simulation approach wi...
The major aim of the TIP-Vent project was to give a substantial contribution to the creation of better boundary conditions for the application of mechanical ventilation systems with good performances.
Given the challenges of the TIP-Vent project, a consortium was set up which brought together a wide range of disciplines as well as expert knowledge...
The SOLVENT window is an innovative glazing system concept that involves the use of a rotating frame, an absorptive glazing and a naturally ventilated vertical channel, in order to improve the balance between the visual comfort and the energy efficiency of windows. The tools available for simulating the behaviour of the window in terms of visual co...
This paper presents an analytical model for predicting the air flow and velocity in an open vertical air channel due to natural convection. It can be used in the study of ventilated windows and double-façade systems, which are arousing interest as an energy-efficient means of providing fresh air, daylight and solar radiation to rooms. Unlike most p...
Tese de doutoramento. Ciências de Engenharia. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2005
Projects
Projects (9)
Project awarded on a competitive basis by the CCDR-N under the program SAESCTN - PIIC&DT/1/2011, comprising four main tasks: i) Climate-adapted design of Net-Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs); ii) Energy Use vs. Indoor temperatures & rebound effect potential; iii) Indoor Air Quality in Schools and other children environments; iv) Energy modelling of the building stock.
Financed by CCDR-N through contract SAESCTN-PIIC&DT/1/2011 - Norte -07-0124-FEDER-000036
Sustainability strategies, Sustainable Energy Plans and monitoring plan contract with the AdePorto-Porto Energy Agency, awarded on a competitive basis, to develop and implement methodologies leading to: i) Sustainability strategies for the AMP-ND as a whole and for each of its 9 municipalities; ii) Sustainable energy plans for the AMP-ND as a whole and for each of its 9 municipalities; iii) A monitoring plan and electronic platform for the AMP-ND as a whole and for each of its 9 municipalities.
The aim of the HealthVent project is to develop health-based ventilation guidelines. They will protect people in places like schools, nurseries, offices and homes against health problems caused by poor indoor air quality, and at the same time will ensure that energy is utilized efficiently.
Home Page: www.healthvent.eu
Contact: healthvent@healthvent.eu
Coordinator: Pawel Wargocki, Technical University of Denmark