Vitaly S. Vysotsky

• Ph.D; Dr. of Sci. (habil.)
• Head of Department at Scientific Research Institute of the Cable Industry

The phenomenon of ultrafast transition (fast quench) to the normal state is known for some types of multistrand superconducting cables. The apparent velocity of propagation of the normal zone in such cables exceeds 100 km/s. Based on the application of the phenomenon of ultrafast transition, a possible concept of a pulsed superconducting inductive...

A very important part of an HTS cable design is the optimization of its parameters to get the highest possible current-carrying capacity and stability. One of the possible ways to achieve it is the use of so-called longitudinal magnetic field effect. It is known that in magnetic fields that are parallel to a transport current, most of the supercond...

It is known that in magnetic fields parallel to the transport current, an increase of the critical current is observed in most low-temperature and high-temperature superconductors — the effect of a longitudinal magnetic field (LMFE). LMFE has been theoretically predicted and experimentally confirmed in many studies. This article presents various me...

В сентябре 2023 года состоялись подряд две крупные международные конференции по технической сверхпроводимости. Европейская конференция по прикладной сверхпроводимости EUCAS-2023 (3 - 7 сентября в г. Болонья, Италия) и 28-ая конференция по Магнитным Технологиям (10 - 15 сентября в Экс-ан-Провансе, Франция). Впервые, после долгого ковидного перерыва,...

Triaxial HTS AC power cables, that incorporates three HTS phases wound around a single core within a single cable is considering the optimal solution for low and medium voltages power cables. To increase the power transmitted by a triaxial cable with keeping a cable diameter small enough, it is possible to increase an operation current by using a m...

We considered and analyzed feasible technologies to develop mobile nicrowave devices with 3 T magnetic field generated by a superconducting magnet. Two types of superconducting magnets made of HTS or NbTi wires were analyzed. Three possible cooling methods and cryostats are discussed based on the previously published and tested experience. The cost...

Since the 1970s the effect of the increase of the critical current of superconductors in the longitudinal external magnetic field has been known. The critical current density of a Nb-Ti wire at low longitudinal magnetic fields demonstrated several times the larger value compared with that in a transverse magnetic field. The same phenomenon has been...

Triaxial HTS AC power cables, that incorporates three HTS phases wound around a single core within a single cable is considering the optimal solution for low and medium voltages. Such a design permits to save expensive HTS conductor and to in-crease the power density transmitted. It is difficult to increase the transmission capacity of a triaxial c...

Triaxial HTS AC power cables, that incorporates three HTS phases wound around a single core within a single cable is considering the optimal solution for low and medium voltages. Such a design permits to save expensive HTS conductor and to increase the power density transmitted. It is difficult to increase the transmission capacity of a triaxial ca...

Triaxial HTS AC power cables, that incorporates three HTS phases wound around a single core within a single cable is considering the optimal solution for low and medium voltages. Such a design permits to save expensive HTS conductor and to increase the power density transmitted. It is difficult to increase the transmission capacity of a triaxial ca...

The model coil with the racetrack geometry based on second generation (2G) High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) tapes has been developed for an electrical machine where a winding pack is a stack of 2G HTS tapes. It is important to evaluate transport current AC losses and possible methods to reduce them in a winding. In a device made of 2G HTS tap...

In Russian Scientific R&D Cable Institute we continue studies to develop as compact as possible 2G HTS power cables for electric power systems. Compact cables should have minimized diameter compared to other co-axial HTS cables developed before. Recently we developed the cable prototype with four HTS layers in the core and two layers in the shield....

The paper presents the evaluation of basic parameters and general appearance of the superconducting magnetic system of the Gas-Dynamic Multimirror Trap - the next-generation magnetic mirror research facility developed by the Budker Institute of Nuclear physics. The major requirements are that the magnetic field would be ramped up from 0.3 to 3 T wi...

The model coil with the racetrack geometry based on second generation (2G) High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) tapes has been developed for an electrical machine where a winding pack is a stack of 2G HTS tapes. It is important to evaluate transport current AC losses and possible methods to reduce them in a winding. In a device made of 2G HTS tap...

The model coil with the racetrack geometry based on second generation (2G) High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) tapes has been developed for an electrical machine where a winding pack is a stack of 2G HTS tapes. It is important to evaluate transport current AC losses and possible methods to reduce them in a winding. In a device made of 2G HTS tap...

Power cables made of high temperature superconductors (HTS) are considered as most advanced applications of superconductivity for electro-energetics. Several cables made of the First Generation (1G) HTS wires have been produced and installed to electrical grids worldwide. Power cables made of the Second Generation HTS wires (2G or Coated Conductors...

New results of tests of the smallest HTS 2G power cable model. Presented at EUCAS - 2019, Glasgow, UK, September 2019<br

New results of tests of the smallest HTS 2G power cable model. Presented at EUCAS - 2019, Glasgow, UK, September 2019<br

For proper HTS device protection knowledge is necessary about the behaviour of HTS tapes cooled by liquid nitrogen at current pulses more than critical current. In our previous works, we performed measurements of HTS tapes at the currents more than critical currents and found the peculiarities on voltage – current characteristics of HTS tapes. Late...

The R&D project is underway in the Russian Cable Institute to reduce mass and dimensions of HTS cables for such applications as electrical aircrafts or ship propulsion systems. Such compact cables should have minimized diameter compared to other co-axial HTS cables developed before. Recently we developed and tested the compact cable prototype with...

formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> $\rm MgB_2$ superconductors are currently con-sidered as a prospective for different applications, in particular for use in high-current superconducting electrical power lines. The $\rm MgB_2$ superconductors are rather sensitive to the strain that...

Generally in HTS cables samples tests, is performed the measurement of sample heating when it is subjected to a short-time load by a current exceeding the critical value in many times [1, 2]. This test is assumed to determine the HTS line stability against short-circuit modes (SCM). However, the characteristics of these modes depend not only on the...

Superconducting power cables offer the advantages in comparison with conventional cables. It is important to developed most compact cable with a small diameter to increase the transmission power density of a cable. Precise analysis should be used to provide optimal cable layout with uniform current distribution among layers. We have developed an el...

High- current superconducting links based on MgB2 superconductors are being developed at CERN for the feeding of the superconducting magnets of the LHC High-Luminosity project. The MgB2 superconductors are very sensitive to the strain that unavoidably occur during a cabling process. It is difficult to evaluate all the strains that can occur during...

In the framework of the project where space in a cryostat is strictly limited the HTS segments of current leads have to be placed horizontally and in a scattered magnetic field. We devel-oped the current leads optimization model for such conditions. In this paper, we present the results of optimization for 2000 A HTS current leads, made of 2G HTS t...

New fusion devices are being discussed in Russia. One item is a superconducting magnet development for the demonstration hybrid facility - Fusion Neutron Source based on a tokamak concept with the conventional aspect ratio ∼3. The magnetic parameters of this device are planned to be: 5 T on the plasma axis and about 12 T on the high field side of t...

A common problem of superconducting devices is to survive during a fault with a current overload. At a fault, superconducting device will have strong overheating and burning out is possible. The problem becomes more serious in case if a high temperature superconducting wire has a weak point where the critical currents is less than the average over...

Triaxial HTS power cables are the optimal solution for low and medium voltages. This design permits to save expensive HTS conductor and to increase the power density transmitted. They could be used at medium voltages ~10-20 kV for distribution grids. At relatively low voltages (<;1-10 kV), triaxial cables could be used for ship propulsion systems o...

We developed a method to combine parallel superconducting HTS tapes to a current carrying element with high current and uniform current distribution among strands at AC mode. The current carrying elements are made of several parallel HTS tapes placed side-by-side on a round mandrel. The test of the small model made of five parallel 2G HTS tapes con...

This article describes results of the development, construction, and test of the first three-phase distribution power transformer prototype in Russia with windings made from second-generation HTSC wire and iron core from amorphous electrical steel. The design of its elements is described and improvement of HTSC transformer performance characteristi...

The ITER toroidal field (TF) magnet system consists of 18 D-shaped coils, each of which is formed by five regular double pancakes (rDP) and two side double pancakes (sDP). Manufacturing of conductors for the TF coils, which are Nb 3Sn-based cable-in-conduit conductors, has been shared among six ITER Domestic Agencies, including the Russian Federati...

Progressive advance in technology of second-generation (2G) high-temperature superconducting (HTS) superconductors leads to the continuous rise of their critical-current density. Critical current of 200 A at 4-mm tapes and ∼600 A at 12-mm tapes is already state of the art. One problem is that critical currents of HTS tapes have sounding anisotropy....

The Russian Scientific R&D Cable Institute is involved in many projects on R&D high-temperature superconduct-ing (HTS) power cables including those made of modern second generation (2G) HTS wires. Evaluation of ac losses and methods for the reduction of the ac losses are important in the design of the cables. A fine experimental technique has been...

Lightweight megawatt-range power cables in electric aircraft propulsion systems will allow reducing fuel consumption by more than a half. Taking into account the low voltage limitations for onboard use, superconductivity providing high current-carrying capacity becomes an enabling technology for this application. In the frame of a preliminary study...

The review novel approaches are presented to describe quench/heat developments in HTS Bi-2223-based devices. These approaches permit determination of thermal stability level for both: Uniform and non-uniform heating of HTS devices, particularly during overheat conditions. Thermal quench/thermal runaway current and characteristic time of heating dev...

The Russian program for R & D of AC power cables has been started in 2005. During the program, the several 5m prototypes and witness samples of Bi-2223 based cables have been tested, as along with the 30m experimental three phase cable. Eventually 200m full size AC power cable with ratings 20 kV 1.5/2kA and 50/70MVA has been developed and successfu...

The transfer of massive amounts of both electrical and chemical power over long distances will present a major challenge for the global energy enterprise in future. Attraction of hydrogen is apparent as a chemical energy agent, possessing among the highest energy density content of various common fuels, whose combustive “waste” is simply water. The...

This paper describes the method of study of the critical current density distribution across a tape in a background magnetic field. We measured the current distribution by the scanning Hall probe method. Then we measured field across a tape by a set of 10 Hall probes placed on a single substrate. By comparison of data from these two experiments we...

Knowledge of HTS materials behavior at overload currents is important to design fault current limiters or fault protection systems of electro-technical devices. There are sharp voltage peaks and voltage oscillations during rectangular current pulses (DC current) on HTS tapes cooled by liquid nitrogen. It is common knowledge that a homogeneous liqui...

The study of defects generated in superconducting filaments of Nb3Sn strands under electromagnetic and thermal cycling was carried out for the TFRF3 cable-in-conduit-conductor (CICC) sample that passed final testing inthe SULTAN test facility. The TFRF3 sample was manufactured forthe qualification of the RF Toroidal Field (TF) CICC. The strand samp...

Due to the development of the ITER project, the requirements of the technical parameters of the ITER systems were more precisely and practically determined to be at higher levels. The essential increase of the ITER system characteristics happened recently. A number of prototypes were manufactured and tests were carried out. The results of the devel...

In the framework of the second stage of the Russian R&D program for the development of hybrid energy transfer lines (HETLs), the new 30-m MgB2 superconducting cable with high voltage insulation has been developed and tested. The superconducting cable was inserted into a newly developed flexible 30-m hydrogen cryogenic line that has three sections w...

Conductors for winding ITER toroidal field magnets are cable-in-conduit type where multi-stage petals are twisted around central cooling spiral inserted into stainless steel jacket. Every conductor unit length and its components pass various tests during manufacturing and the final acceptance test consists of 760 m or 415 m long conductor global le...

The residual resistance ratio (RRR) is an important parameter affecting the stability of superconductors and the quench protection properties of magnets. During the manufacture and testing of cable-in-conduit-conductors, RRR may change noticeably. Recently the RRR changes of Nb3Sn strands for conductors of the ITER toroidal coils have been studied...

The Russian Scientific R&D Cable Institute was obliged to produce and to deliver 20% toroidal field (TF) conductors and 20% poloidal field (PF) cables for the ITER magnet system. The task has been completed in October 2015. This work was a great technological challenge in the development of tricky technologies. Development of manufacturing processe...

We studied quench propagation in double-sided samples of YBCO thin films covered by a gold top layer and deposited on sapphire wafers. The length of the YBCO structures was up to 0.5 m. A critical current density ~2-3 MA per centimeter square at 77.8 K was found over the entire YBCO film. Quench development in large-area YBCO thin film appears to b...

The residual resistance ratio (RRR) is an important parameter affecting the stability of superconductors and the quench protection properties of magnets. During the manufacture of cable-in-conduit-conductors based on Nb3Sn strands, RRR may change noticeably. We studied the RRR of strands in as-received condition and at different stages of the TF co...

To form a cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) a cable should be inserted into a jacket under tensile force that is increasing with length of insertion. This tensile force can lead to both elongation and untwisting of a cable with increase of a twist pitch. The untwisting can also be induced by stress accumulated in the material during the cabling pro...

The cable-in-conduit-conductors (CICC) for the ITER Toroidal Field (TF) Coils are tested in the Sultan test facility in order to estimate their AC and DC performances under operating conditions. The tests are carried out on different stages of conductor procurement implementation starting from Nb3Sn superconducting strand layout and process develop...

Recently launched production of 2G wires by SuperOx Company permitted us to start tests of representative models of power cable made of their wires. In Russian Scientific R&D Cable Institute we have the test facility for extensive testing of heavily instrumented HTS cable models with full size cross-section and length up to 5 m. Our standard test p...

Twisted stacked-tape cable (TSTC) is one of the methods to produce flexible current carrying elements (CCE) with high current density made of 2G coated conductors. The critical current of CCE in self-field is less than the sum of critical currents of all tapes used to make CCE. This critical current reduction is attributed to self-field influence o...

The SuperOx and SuperOx Japan LLC companies were founded with the goal of developing a cost-effective technology for second generation HTS (2G HTS) tapes by utilizing a combination of the most advanced chemical and physical deposition techniques, together with implementing original tape architectures. In this paper we present a brief overview of ou...

Abstract—Results of developing and testing an experimental hybrid power transmission line with liquid hydrogen and superconducting power (SCP) cable based on magnesium diboride (MgB2) are presented. Crit� ical currents of the MgB2 based prototype SCP cable have been determined for the first time at the forced flow of liquid hydrogen in a temperatur...

The numerical experiment to model heating development in long HTS object has been performed by use the specially developed computer code. Cooling by liquid nitrogen was taken into account and parameters close to the real ones for HTS tapes were used in calculations. It was shown that depend on parameters combination, particularly on current density...

The transfer of massive amounts of both electrical and chemical power over long distances will present a major challenge for the global energy enterprise in the future. Attraction of hydrogen is apparent as a chemical energy agent, possessing among the highest energy density content of various common fuels, whose combustive “waste” is simply water....

A conductor for ITER toroidal field (TF) coils is the cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) type, which is made of Nb3Sn superconducting strands encased in a stainless steel tubular jacket. A 120-m-long prototype has been designed in accordance with ITER requirements and manufactured prior to production of 26 full-sized CICC lengths that are the contri...

The transfer of massive amounts of both electrical and chemical power over long distances will present a major challenge for the global energy enterprise in the future. Attraction of hydrogen is apparent as a chemical energy agent, possessing among the highest energy density content of various common fuels, whose combustive "waste" is simply water....

For some applications, short unit lengths of HTS wires should be spliced if longer lengths are necessary and short unit lengths of HTS wires should be utilize by applying the splice technology to reduce the total wire cost in the application. The splice technology has been developed for DI-BSCCO Type HT-CA tapes by Sumitomo Electric and spliced tap...

AC losses are an important issue in HTS power cables development especially when using low loss 2G wires. Still not so much experimental studies were performed on this subject with representative cables' models. For cables made from 1G wires some theoretical models adequately describes losses while they does not works well enough for 2G AC losses....

1.5/2 kA - 20 kV has been developed and passed acceptance test in December 2009. This cable has superconducting shield and is made of DI-BSSCO (TM) HT-CA wires from Sumitomo Electric Company. The cable is installed at the experimental test facility to undergo extensive tests first, than it will be reinstalled to Moscow utility grid. As a part of th...

The Russian R&D Program for superconducting power devices is underway, supported both by government and electric power companies. In this program R&D on HTS power cables is considered as most advanced and close to commercialization. In the framework of the program, several, heavily instrumented, 5 m cables have been tested following by the 30 m – 3...

A practical split coil magnet using Bi-2223 HTS tapes has been developed and tested. The design parameter is the maximal magnetic field at the aperture of a coil. 1-G Bi-2223 tape was used for magnet's winding produced by Sumitomo Electric Industry Co. The maximum magnetic field in the magnet is determined by the dependence of 1-G tape's critical c...

Russian Scientific Research and Development Cable Institute (known by Russian abbreviation as VNIIKP) has been participating in ITER project since 1993 both at the early stage of Research and Development (R&D) and at the following stage of Engineering Design Activity (EDA). Tests of several short samples at Sultan test facility were crowned by succ...

Results of developing and testing an experimental hybrid power transmission line with liquid hydrogen and superconducting power (SCP) cable based on magnesium diboride (MgB2) are presented. Critical currents of the MgB2 based prototype SCP cable have been determined for the first time at the forced flow of liquid hydrogen in a temperature interval...

The test facility developed in Russian Scientific R&D Cable Institute permits to perform extensive tests of heavily instrumented HTS cable models with length up to 5 m. Several HTS cables with different design have been developed and tested at this facility. The test programs included, besides usual critical current measurements, current distributi...

The behavior HTS materials and devices at overload currents is determined in a very high level by cooling, particularly, by the transient heat transfer from HTS device to liquid nitrogen. Recently we observed sharp peaks in the voltage during rectangular current pulse. In the present paper we explain these peaks by analysis of transient regimes in...

A model 5 m cable prototype was constructed using American Superconductor second generation (2G) high temperature superconductor (HTS) wires – 344 superconductors, produced with the MOD/RABiTSTM process. The model cable consists of two helically counterwound layers of brass-laminated tapes. Twist pitches were calculated to provide uniform current d...

Most prospective 2G HTS are asymmetric in cross section due to technology feature. Superconducting layer is located more close to one side of a tape, while from the other side highly resistive substrate is located. Thus, it is possible to combine two 2G HTS tapes with different mutual orientations of superconducting layers. In this work we studied...

In the framework of the Russian R&D Program for HTS power devices, 3×30 m cable with operating current of ∼1.5–2 kA and operating voltage of 20 kV was delivered by Russian Scientific R&D Cable Institute as the first stage of the HTS power cables project. Different basic HTS materials, cryostats and current leads were used for the cable design i...

Power cables are considered as the most advanced HTS applications. During cables' production numbers of HTS tapes are twisted around a circular former in several layers. The twisting leads to mechanical stresses for the tapes that may affect their superconducting properties. In this work we performed experiments to reproduce the influence of twisti...