Vitaly Bondarenko

• PhD
• Principal Investigator at Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics

A variety of micro‐ and nanocomposite materials based on electrochemically‐acquired porous silicon are produced and evaluated in terms of their applicability to display technology. It is shown that porous silicon provides a versatile and well‐adjustable template for filling with other materials, which can outright change its electrophysical paramet...

An original approach to fabricate SERS-active nanovoids by immersion deposition of silver on macroporous silicon (macro-PS) template with pore diameters and depth ranging from 500 to 1000 nm is proposed. The procedure for the formation of nanostructured silver films in the layers of macro-PS was optimized. Silver particles of dimensions in the nano...

Here we present a review of our research work on so-called corrosive deposition of metals on porous silicon (PS). Principal steps of the nanostructured silicon fabrication and further metals’ deposition allowing growth of metal films completely inherit-ing morphological pattern of different types of PS are presented. It is shown, that imprinting of...

A highly sensitive photonic sensor based on a porous silicon ring resonator was developed and experimentally characterized. The photonic sensing structure was fabricated by exploiting a porous silicon double layer, where the top layer of a low porosity was used to form photonic elements by e-beam lithography and the bottom layer of a high porosity...

Superconducting NbN nanonetworks with a very small number of interconnected nanowires, with diameter of the order of 4 nm, are fabricated combining a bottom-up (use of porous silicon nanotemplates) with a top-down technique (high-resolution electron beam lithography). The method is easy to control and allows to fabricate, on a robust support, devic...

Zinc oxide/silicon nanowires (ZnO/SiNWs) nanocomposites is a promising material for heterojunction solar cells. They combine the low-reflectivity of SiNWs, where photogenerated charge carriers are produced and harvested, and the high transparency of ZnO, which serves as a functional transparent conductive electrode. In this paper, we present a stud...

In this work, we describe the combination of hydrothermal and atomic layer deposition (ALD) for growing low-resistivity ZnO polycrystalline continuous films. The effect of the thickness of ALD seed layers on the morphology of the hydrothermal ZnO films was studied. It was shown that ZnO films hydrothermally deposited on very thin seed layer consist...

Plasmonic nanostructures demonstrating an activity in the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy have been fabricated by an immersion deposition of silver nanoparticles from silver salt solution on mesoporous silicon (meso-PS). The SERS signal intensity has been found to follow the periodical repacking of the silver nanoparticles, wh...

The paper reports the results of our research work on activity in a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of the substrates based on micro-, meso-, and macroporous silicon (PS). It is shown that the type of PS defines structural parameters of the depositing metal allowing to form silver dendrites, silver and copper nanoparticles (NPs), and sil...

The influence of the surface layer on the process of the electrochemical deposition of metals and semiconductors into porous silicon is studied. It is shown that the surface layer differs in structure and electrical characteristics from the host porous silicon bulk. It is established that a decrease in the conductivity of silicon crystallites that...

This article presents the results on a fabrication of silicon nanowires by a two-step metal-assisted chemical etching. Morphological and optical properties of the obtained silicon nanostructures depending on the type and resistivity of the initial silicon wafer have been studied. In addition, we have used the silicon nanowires as templates for zinc...

The review reports on the results of our research work on nanostructured metal films onto porous silicon. Principal steps of the techniques allowing fabrication of metal films completely inheriting morphological pattern of different types of porous silicon are presented. It is shown, that giving of the nanostructured pattern to metal films by means...

We report on the superconducting properties of a Nb thin film deposited, with an interleaved insulating layer to avoid the proximity effect, on an array of ferromagnetic (Ni) nanowires embedded in a porous template. By investigating the Tc(H) phase boundary and by measuring V(I) characteristics and critical currents as a function of the applied mag...

Introduction Laser exitation at surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been found to damage analyte molecules causing changes in their spectra and making it difficult to perform clear qualitative and quantitative analysis [1]. In the present work, we have prevented the destruction of different organic molecules during SERS analysis by their...

Tear sterility is mostly provided by lactoferrin (Lf) and lizocim (Lz) proteins. That is why careful control of concentrations of these proteins in tear is extremely important for the proper therapy of eye disease. There are several methods of physiological liquids analysis, but Raman scattering takes the special place among them, as it is non-inva...

PS/Fe nanocomposite was obtained by electrochemical deposition of Fe into pores of mesoporous silicon template under the stationary galvanostatic regime/ Magnetic properties of PS/Fe nanocomposite were investigated by measuring the temperature dependence (77 K – 700 K) of the specific magnetization . The obtained (T) dependencies allowed us to de...

In this paper, we describe a simple, effective and universal formation method of porous silicon (PS) and other porous structures (e.g. silicon nanowires and silicon nanobelts) by two-step metal-assisted chemical etching. The basic mechanism of metal-assisted chemical etching, immersion and etching time influences are introduced. Influence of hydrof...

SERS-active substrates have been fabricated by an immersion plating of Ag on different kinds of porous silicon. The formation of the nanostructured Ag films on PSi has been optimized for maximum SERS enhancement. The elaborated PSi-based plasmonic materials have been used for sensitive analysis of tetrapyrrolic molecules, particularly photosensitiz...

Magnetoresistance oscillations were observed on networks of superconducting ultrathin Nb nanowires presenting evidences of either thermal or quantum activated phase slips. The magnetic transport data, discussed in the framework of different scenarios, reveal that the system behaves coherently in the temperature range where the contribution of the f...

MEMS technologies often require an electrochemical deposition of thick layers of metals (Me) with controllable adhesion to a Si wafer for their further full or partial transfer. Well-known Layer Transfer technology utilizing a sacrificial porous Si (PS) provides poor adhesion manageability. Moreover it is hard enough to perform the Me electrodeposi...

Ag and Cu nanoparticles formed by immersion deposition on mesoporous silicon were characterized by X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The localized surface plasmon resonance of the metallic structures was examined by ultraviolet-visible reflectance spectroscopy. The localized surface plasmon reso-nance of the Ag and Cu nanoparti...

Structural and magnetic properties of Ni nanowires (NWs) electrochemically deposited into pores of porous silicon (PS) template under the stationary galvanostatic regime have been investigated. Samples have been studied in detail by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. SEM...

TITLE: Mesoporous silicon anodes for Li-ion batteries

TITLE: Porous silicon as a template for metals nanostructuring

We present results of hydrothermal deposition of undoped and Al doped ZnO nanocrystals on nanocrystalline silicon. ZnO nanocrystals were deposited in an equimolar zinc nitride and hexamethylenetetramine solution. Aluminum nitride was used as Al precursor. The difference of the morphology of doped and undoped ZnO nanocrystals is discussed. Photolumi...

SERS-active substrates based on hybrid metallic nanovoids were formed by successive Ni electrodeposition and Ag electroless deposition in macroporous silicon. It was shown that the SERS signal intensity greatly depends on the morphology and elemental composition of hybrid melallization. Optimal regimes of metallization were found which provided fab...

Silicon interposer technology offers System-In-Package (SiP) and System-On-Package (SoP) designers the unique possibility of achieving 3D integration without the need to implement Through-Silicon-Via (TSV) structures in active silicon, contributing to overall cost reduction of the final product. Silicon interposers require both horizontal and verti...

Porous silicon (PS) represents the prospective template for the fabrication of metal/PS nanostructures. However n+-type Sb doped Si Czochralski wafers widely used to fabricate PS may contain resistivity striations and asgrown microdefects with specific spiral distribution which influence Si dissolution during the formation of PS by anodizing. This...

An anodic polarization of bulk silicon (Si) in HF solutions leads to the growth of self-organized developed network of pore channels from the surface of Si crystal into its volume. The resulting material is usually called porous Si (PS). The depth and diameter of the pores as well as sizes of Si walls might be varied in the range from several micro...

Initial stages of Cu immersion deposition in the presence of hydrofluoric acid on bulk and porous silicon were studied. Cu was found to deposit both on bulk and porous silicon as a layer of nanoparticles which grew according to the Volmer-Weber mechanism. It was revealed that at the initial stages of immersion deposition, Cu nanoparticles consisted...

This paper presents results of investigation of formation regularities of nanostructures produced at different modes of immersion deposition onto porous silicon for their use as active substrates in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). Porous silicon samples were formed by anodization of monocrystalline n+-Si in water-alcohol solution of fluor...

This paper provides the results of studying the formation kinetics and the structure of mesoporous silicon layers obtained by electrochemical anodization in an electrolyte based on 12% aqueous hydrofluoric acid. The electrolyte consisted only of deionized water and hydrofluoric acid and contained no organic additives in order to prevent contaminati...

Copper (II) sulfate was used as a source of copper to achieve uniform distribution of Cu particles deposited on porous silicon. Layers of the porous silicon were formed by electrochemical anodization of Si wafers in a mixture of HF, C3H7OH and deionized water. The well-known chemical displacement technique was modified to grow the copper particles...

Oxidation behavior of a-SiC:H layers deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technique was examined by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) in combination with scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy and submicron selected area Raman scattering spectroscopy. Partially oxidized a-SiC:H samples (oxidation at 6...

Robust porous silicon substrates were employed for generating interconnected networks of superconducting ultrathin Nb nanowires. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed to investigate the morphology of the samples, which constitute of polycrystalline single wires with grain size of about 10 nm. The samples exhibit nonzero resistance ove...

Nickel nanowires have been formed by stationary electrochemical deposition of nickel into mesoporous silicon templates from the modified Watts bath. Monitoring of the porous silicon potential during the electrochemical deposition has given the determination of the emergence of Ni on the outer surface of porous layer. Maximum filling factor of porous...

The application of porous silicon as a template for the fabrication of nanosized copper objects is reported. Three different types of nanostructures were formed by displacement deposition of copper on porous silicon from hydrofluoric acid-based solutions of copper sulphate: (1) copper nanoparticles, (2) quasi-continuous copper films, and (3) free p...

We have developed a sensitivity analysis permitting effective estimation of the change in the impulse responses of a microthrusters and in the ignition characteristics of the solid-fuel charge caused by the variation of the basic macrokinetic parameters of the mixed fuel and the design parameters of the microthruster’s combustion chamber. On the ba...

Nickel nanowires have been formed by the stationary electrochemical deposition of nickel into mesoporous silicon from the modified Watts bath. The polycrystalline nature of the Ni deposit has been established as well as expansion of its lattice parameter in comparison with bulk nickel. Control of the potential of porous silicon during electrochemic...

Different copper nanostructures have been deposited onto porous silicon (PS) by using HF-based solutions of CuSO4 and immersion technique. The variation of the porous template parameters and deposition regimes has been found to allow obtaining of copper nanoparticles, copper rough films and porous copper layers. The dimensions, roughness, structura...

We propose a method for characterizing and choosing solid mixed fuels for use as the solid-fuel charge of microthrusters of microelectromechanical systems. The method is based on the solution of the problem on the dependence of impulse responses of such a microthruster on the diameter of the outlet cross-section of its combustion chamber and the mi...

In this work it is described an high-density contacting technology that can replace wire bonding in power electronic applications, to overcome known limitation of bond wires liftoff occurring after several power cycles due to the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion of silicon and aluminum. In the presented technology, MEMS (micro-ele...

A self-consistent problem relating combustion parameters of a solid propellant in a miniengine of the microelectromechanical system to the engine’s structural characteristics is solved. The dependence of the pressure in the combustion chamber of this engine on the combustion rate of the propellant in it and the engine’s outlet diameter is determine...

On the basis of macrokinetic calculations, the influence of the initial temperature on the impulse responses of the processes of ignition and combustion of the solid-fuel charge of the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) microthruster burning the solid fuel glycidyl azide polymer (GAP)/RDX has been investigated. It has been established that fuel h...

This article presents the study of the electrochemical deposition of zinc oxide from the non-aqueous solution based on dimethyl sulfoxide and zinc chloride into the porous silicon matrix. The features of the deposition process depending on the thickness of the porous silicon layer are presented. It is shown that after deposition process the porous...

The process of ignition of the solid fuel from glycidyl azide polymer in the mini-engine of a microelectromechanical system has been considered. Macrokinetic calculations of the self-ignition temperature of the fuel and the induction period for different heat transfer conditions have been made. On the basis of the critical thermal flux determinatio...

On the basis of thermodynamic calculations we show that solid-fuel mixtures glycidyl azide polymer/RDX are promising for use in miniengines made on the basis of technologies of microelectromechanical systems of semiconductor microelectronics. It has been shown that small (up to 20 mass percent) additives of RDX to the glycidyl azide polymer markedl...

In present work the investigation of the electrochemical and chemical hydrothermal deposition processes of ZnO on silicon is presented. The influence of the electrochemical process parameters on the characteristics and morphology of the ZnO deposits is analyzed. Electrochemical deposition from non aqueous DMSO solutions on porous silicon buffer lay...

Ordered nickel nanowire arrays formed by electrochemical deposition in a mesoporous silicon matrix have been studied by the ferromagnetic resonance technique. It is established that the samples exhibit uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of the easy-axis or easy-plane type depending on the matrix porosity. Values of the anisotropy field and g-factor in th...

Electrochemical deposition of ZnO from aqueous nitrate solutions on nickel and platinum electrodes was investigated using the voltammetry technique to determine the optimal regimes in both potentiostatic and galvanostatic modes for acquiring polycrystalline ZnO films. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and X-ray microanalysis of th...

Porous silicon layers were produced by electrochemical etching of single-crystal silicon wafers with the resistivity 10 Ω cm in the aqueous-alcohol solution of hydrofluoric acid. Raman spectroscopy and infrared absorption spectroscopy are used to study the processes of interaction of porous silicon with undiluted acetylene at low temperatures and t...

Platinum nanoparticles supported on porous silicon were synthesized by radiation-chemical reduction in solutions of reverse micelles. The Pt nanoparticles obtained are electrondeficient. The degree of porosity, conductivity type, pore geometry of the silicon matrix, and precursor parameters affect the size, shape, and charge state of the platinum c...

Porous silicon (PSi) was doped by Er using electromigration from a solution and converted to Er-doped silicon-rich silicon oxide (SRSO:Er) by partial thermal oxidation at 600–950°C following densification at 1100°C in an inert atmosphere. Room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) at ∼1.5 μm is intense and decreases by less than 20% from 12 K to 300 K...

We demonstrate current induced visible light emission from Schottky junctions between aluminium electrodes and porous silicon formed by electrochemical etching of degenerate n+ -type silicon. HF concentration and anodizing current were chosen to yield preparation conditions in the transition region between electropolishing and porous silicon format...

Results of measurement of resistivity of mesoporous silicon formed on n-type sub-strates in a wide temperature range are presented. Measurements show that at low temperatures there is a growth of resistance of four orders of magnitude compared to that at room temperature which occurs in a relatively narrow temperature range.

This work presents a new bond-less and economic viable, technology for power dice interconnection in power modules for automotive applications. In the presented technology bond wires, the major cause of module failures, are replaced by compliant contacts embedded in a polymer core that are pressed, at a prescribed force, over the power dice to esta...

Most power electronic modules are specifically designed for the customer and this entails intense labour during the production phase. The monolithic integration for power electronic devices in the form of power IC has not proven to be efficient, neither from a technical, nor from an economic point of view. In a typical high power module the power d...

Porous silicon (PS) prepared from n-type Si crystal is proposed as a new material for the fabrication of sensitive substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The formation procedure for nanostructured silver films on the surface of PS was optimized. Maximum of SERS enhancement for rhodamine 6G probing molecule is observed for samples...

Continuous crystalline films of zinc oxide (ZnO) with thicknesses of 6–10 μm were obtained by electrochemical deposition from aqueous zinc nitrate solutions on silicon substrates with a buffer nickel layer. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the polycrystalline films possess a hexagonal crystal lattice with predominant (0002) orientation. T...

An electrochemical deposition process of ZnSe and CdSe compound semiconductors from aqueous acidic solutions onto silicon substrates with porous silicon layers formed on their surfaces was studied by the voltammetry method. The experimental data obtained were compared with the deposition data onto metal and silicon substrates, and the optimal condi...

An electrochemical Pt deposition from the diamine nitrite solution onto monocrystalline, macro- and mesoporous silicon is presented. Pt grain size versus deposition time was determined from the SEM data. A catalytic reactivity of the Pt coated electrodes was estimated by the calculation of the effective surface area with a voltammetry technique. A...

Silver films are fonned on meso- and macroporous silicon (meso-PS and macro-PS) by the immersion plating. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the fonnation of Ag islands along the dendritic structure at the surface of meso-PS and Ag nanoparticles over the pore walls in the case of macro-PS. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity of Ag-macr...

Experimental technique and influence of gamma irradiation on electrical characteristics of test elements (resistors, diodes, MOS transistors) fabricated in SOI structures are presented.

Comparative study of CMOS SRAM 8 K for different SOI structures (SIMOX, Smart-Cut and Dele-Cut) and SOS structures has been carried out. Radiation tests have been provided using laser and x-ray simulators in order to estimate CMOS SRAM stability to radiation pulse and total radiation dose. The tests have been carried out in active mode. The level o...

We consider different approaches to implementation of porous silicon as a biomedical material employing concepts of formal creative thinking. The performed analysis shows wide possibilities of porous silicon application in the formation of different nanosize composite materials and structures for orthopaedic implants.

The propagation losses are evaluated for the first time in curved integrated (buried) optical waveguides (WGs) based on oxidized porous silicon. In the visible red range, the losses decrease from 20 to 5 dB per 90 bending (for about 0.4 dB/cm loss in the straight WG) when the WG curvature radius increases from 125 to 2500 μm. The main component of...

In this work we report the latest improvements in integrated optical waveguides based on oxidized porous silicon. Remarkably low propagation loss of 0.2 dB/cm in the visible is demonstrated. Straight waveguides of 1–10 cm long were fabricated in N+-type silicon substrates. Thickness of core region of all fabricated waveguides was of 8 μm while thic...

In the present work, photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy were used to study oxidized porous silicon (OPS) doped with Er by electrochemical migration. Three types of OPS were investigated: (a) partially oxidized PS (POPS); (b) fully oxidized PS (FOPS); (c) oxidized PS co-doped with Fe (OPS:Fe). The OPS consists...

This paper is a review of application of porous silicon to SOI technology. Three main approaches for fabricating the SOI structures based on PS are critically reviewed. We show that there exists renewed interest in all these approaches although SOI technology based on layer transfer with PS as the splitting layer is the dominated method. Patent ana...

We report 77 K Photoluminescence (PL) and Photoluminescence Excitation (PLE) spectroscopies of Er ions incorporated with Fe in oxidized porous silicon (OPS) in the form of 5–50 nm sized clusters containing Fe, O, and Er. Twenty sharp (FWHM of about 0.4 meV) PL s peaks related to the transitions between highly split levels of 4I13/2 and 4I15/2 multi...

Photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy was carried out at 77K on oxidized porous silicon containing iron/erbium oxide clusters. The novel PLE spectrum of the 1535 nm Er PL band comprises a broad band extending from 350 to 570 nm and very week bands located at 640, 840, and 895 nm. The excitation at wavelengths of 400 – 560 nm was shown to...