Vincenzo Fiorentino

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• Medical Doctor at University of Messina

Glioblastomas (GBMs), among the most aggressive and resilient brain tumors, characteristically exhibit high angiogenic potential, leading to the formation of a dense yet aberrant vasculature, both morphologically and functionally. With these premises, numerous expectations were initially placed on anti-angiogenic therapies, soon dashed by their lim...

Introduction The aim of this project is to assess interobserver agreement for programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) scoring on of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on cytological specimens in a large‐scale multicenter study, by exploiting the cell block‐derived tissue microarray (cbTMA) approach. Methods A total of 65 cell blocks (CB) diagnosed as NS...

Autophagy is a cellular process crucial for maintaining homeostasis by degrading damaged proteins and organelles. It is stimulated in response to stress, recycling nutrients and generating energy for cell survival. In normal endometrium, it suppresses tumorigenesis by preventing toxic accumulation and maintaining cellular homeostasis. It is involve...

Introduction: To evaluate the detection rate for prostate cancer (PCa) performing multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) fusion targeted biopsy (TPBx) combined only with ipsilateral systematic prostate biopsy (SPBx). Materials and Methods: From January 2023 to December 2023, 495 men with clinical suspicion of PCa underwent transperineal...

Background/aim: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-directed positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in pelvic nodal staging, using postoperative histopathology data as the reference standard. Patients and methods: From January 2020 to June 2024, 78 patients with cli...

Thyroid nodules are a common, benign condition with a higher prevalence in women, individuals with iodine deficiency, and radiation exposure. Treatment options for benign thyroid nodules include pharmaceutical therapy, thyroidectomy, and thermal ablation (TA). TA, including laser ablation (LA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and microwave ablation...

Background/Objectives: Bladder cancer is a prevalent urinary system malignancy and urinary cytology is widely used for its screening and follow-up. A novel diagnostic tool called Bladder Epicheck® (BE) is increasingly being used for monitoring the recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The simultaneous use of BE and urinary cytol...

Among autophagic-related proteins, p62/SQSTM1/Sequestosome-1 represents a relevant actor in cellular proliferation and neoplastic growth. Although, recently, p62 expression has been analyzed in different neurodegenerative and glial neoplastic diseases, no available information have been reported in meningiomas, which have an high epidemiological re...

The management of advanced bladder carcinoma involves a multidisciplinary approach, but the prognosis remains poor for many patients. The immune system plays a crucial role in this disease, influencing both tumor development and response to treatment, and exploiting the immune system against the tumor can be a valuable strategy to destroy neoplasti...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a heterogenous and complex group of idiopathic chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract and other extraintestinal systems with rising global incidences. The interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental factors contributes to its pathogenesis. Among the key cytokines im...

Background: Nasal polyps (NPs) represent the end-stage manifestation of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a relatively common pathological condition encountered in all ages of life. Methodology: The aim of our study was to evaluate the histological features and inflammatory cellular components of NPs in a retrospective cohort (143 cases) of pediatric,...

Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is the most ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family. TG2 catalyzes the transamidation reaction leading to several protein post-translational modifications and it is also implicated in signal transduction thanks to its GTP binding/hydrolyzing activity. In the nervous system, TG2 regulates multiple p...

Among low-grade gliomas, representing 10–20% of all primary brain tumours, the paradigmatic entity is constituted by pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), considered a grade 1 tumour by the World Health Organization. Generally, this tumour requires surgical treatment with an infrequent progression towards malignant gliomas. The present review focuses on clin...

Background About 30% of Prostate cancer (PCa) patients progress to metastatic PCa that remains largely incurable. This evidence underlines the need for the development of innovative therapies. In this direction, the potential research focus might be on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) like H19, which serve critical biological functions and show signi...

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is traditionally considered one of the most “immunogenic” tumors, eliciting a high immune response. However, despite the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), melanoma cells use strategies to suppress antitumor immunity and avoid being eliminated by immune surveillance. The PD-1 (programmed death-1)/PD-L1 (progr...

Background: Numerous studies showed that methylation analysis represents a newly developed urinary marker based on DNA methylation changes in a panel of genomic biomarkers and it could represent a valid tool in terms of the diagnosis and prediction of high-grade urothelial carcinoma recurrences. One of the limits of the use of this new molecular m...

HER2-low and ultra-low breast cancer (BC) have been recently proposed as new subcategories of HER2 BC, supporting a re-consideration of immunohistochemical negative scores of 0, 1+ and the 2+/in situ hybridization (ISH) negative phenotype. In the present review, we outline the criteria needed to exactly distinguish HER2-low and ultra-low BC. Recent...

Bladder cancer and upper urothelial tract carcinoma are common diseases with a high risk of recurrence, thus necessitating follow-up after initial treatment. The management of non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) after transurethral resection involves surveillance, intravesical therapy, and cytology with cystoscopy. Urinary cytology, cysto...

Primary central nervous system (CNS) extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBL) is a rare low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterised predominantly by small B cells, plasma cells, monocytoid cells and scattered large immunoblasts. Primary CNS MZBL is a slow-growing tumour that remains localised and is characterised by an excellent clinical p...

Background About 30% of Prostate cancer (PCa) patients progress to metastatic PCa that remains largely incurable. This evidence underlines the need for the development of innovative therapies. In this direction, the potential research focus might be on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) like H19, which serve critical biological functions and show signi...

Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has radically changed, switching from interferon alfa (IFN-α) and high-dose interleukin−2 (HD IL−2) to new targeted therapies directed against tumoral neoangiogenesis, the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and immune checkpoints. Of note, the inhibition of immune checkpoints restore...

HER2-low and ultra-low breast cancer (BC) have been recently proposed as new subcategories of HER2 BC, re-considering the immunohistochemical negative score of 0, 1+ or score of 2+/in situ hybridization (ISH) negative phenotype. In the present review we have outlined the needed criteria to exactly distinguish HER2 low and ultra-low BC. Recent clini...

The use of radioiodine therapy (RIT) is debated in intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of DTC can be useful to refine patient selection for RIT. We analyzed the mutational status of BRAF, RAS, TERT, PIK3 and RET, and the expression of PD-L1 (as a...

Simple Summary The aim of the present review is to discuss the autophagy, a well-known cellular process, able to remove damaged intracellular organelles as well as macromolecules and misfolded proteins. A dual role, as tumour promoter and tumour suppressor, has been attributed to autophagy. Therefore, we would analyse molecular mechanisms and regul...

Background TP53 gene plays a major role in the negative control of cell proliferation and in the regulation of signaling cascades. TP53 mutation may have a relevant role in the malignant transformation of thyroid cells as well as thyroid tumor progression. TP53 mutation has been detected only in few well differentiated thyroid carcinomas and is abs...

714 Background: Intermediate IMDC group is the largest and most heterogeneous group of mRCC. Current first-line (1L) therapy options for these patients (pts) are based on either an anti-angiogenic agent (VEGFR-TKI) combined with immunotherapy (IO), or a combo of IO (ipilimumab+nivolumab [I/N]). No biomarkers (BM) for selecting the most effective re...

Background: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors represent a mainstay of therapy in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). However, little is known about the influence of combined therapy on PD-L1 expression. The study aims to gather evidence on this topic. Methods: A systematic search was carried out in electronic databa...

Background Primary Central Nervous System (CNS) extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBL) is a rare low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterized predominantly by small B cells, plasma cells, monocytoid cells, and scattered large immunoblasts. Primary CNS MZBL is a slow-growing tumour that remains localized and is characterized by an excellen...

Background Recently, it was reported that the Bladder EpiCheck test is likely to represent a valid tool in the diagnostic process of patients who have suspected bladder carcinoma, with some controversial management decisions because of the technical limitations of cytology. Methods Two hundred ninety patients with a diagnosis of nonmuscle‐invasive...

The detection of psammoma bodies (PBs) in the thyroid gland is commonly associated to classic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and are frequently encountered in differnt subtypes of PTCs. Nonetheless, the evidence of PBs without a PTC may represent a diagnostic challenge. The general statement is that PBs represent a metastatic finding of PTC eith...

The correct N-staging in breast cancer is crucial to tailor treatment and stratify the prognosis. N-staging is based on the number and the localization of suspicious regional nodes on physical examination and/or imaging. Since clinical examination of the axillary cavity is associated with a high false negative rate, imaging modalities play a centra...

DOG1 is a transmembrane protein originally discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumors and works as a calcium-activated chloride channel protein. There are a limited number of articles on the potential utility of this antibody in the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors in routine practice. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of DOG1 as...

Fine needle aspiration is a well-known procedure for the diagnosis and management of thyroid lesions, representing the first diagnostic tool for the definition of their nature. In clinical practice, a thyroid nodule can be classified as solid, cystic, and partially cystic based on its internal components. Different thyroid imaging reporting systems...

Background Urothelial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (CIS) are related to recurrence and progression of urothelial carcinoma. Differentiating CIS and dysplasia from reactive atypia is often difficult based only on histological features. The integration of histological findings with immunohistochemistry is used in routine practice to make a diagnos...

Purpose The incidence of thyroid carcinoma has increased globally in the past years. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent neoplasm of the thyroid gland comprehending the 90% of the thyroid carcinoma and has an indolent clinical behaviour. However, some variants of follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinoma, including variants of cl...

Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) represent a group of hematological disorders that are traditionally considered as indistinct slow progressing conditions; still, a subset of cases shows a rapid evolution towards myelofibrotic bone marrow failure. Specific abnormalities in the megakaryocyte lineage seem to play a cen...

Resumen Introducción La displasia urotelial y el carcinoma in situ (CIS) están relacionados con la recurrencia y la progresión del carcinoma urotelial. Diferenciar el CIS y la displasia de la atipia reactiva suele ser difícil sobre la base de las características histológicas. La integración de los hallazgos histológicos con la inmunohistoquímica s...

Aims Several papers have shown that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is a relevant predictive biomarker in anti-PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy. While its role in several human cancers is correlated with poor prognosis and resistance to anticancer therapies, in thyroid cancers the role of PD-L1 remains questionable. Few articles have studied...

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the capability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the lumbosacral plexus to identify parametrial invasion by uterine cervical cancer. Materials and methods : Twenty-seven women with biopsy-proven cervical cancer were prospectively enrolled and underwent DTI at 1.5 TMRI. Fractional...

Primary lymphoma of the peripheral nerve is very rare and occurs most frequently in sciatic nerves. We describe the first patient reported in literature with a primary lymphoma in a pure sensory peripheral nerve of the upper limb. A woman in her 40s, with painful swelling and dysaesthesias in her left forearm in the past 3 months, was presented at...

Background The management of non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) after transurethral resection of a bladder tumor consists of adjuvant intravesical therapy and strict and long surveillance with urine cytology and cystoscopy. The Bladder EpiCheck test (Nucleix Ltd) (BE) is a newly developed urinary markers based on DNA methylation changes...

Numerous studies showed that bladder urothelial carcinoma and upper urothelial tract carcinoma (UTUC) display clinical and genomic similarities. In order to analyze that the same panel of biomarkers used in the diagnosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma could be suitable for early detection of UTUC, we performed a retrospective study in which we ana...

Thyroid nodules are common and typically detected by palpation and/or ultrasound (US). Guidelines have defined the management of large nodules, but controversy exists regarding nodules ≤ 1 cm. We evaluated a cohort of patients with subcentimeter nodules to determine their rate of malignancy (ROM). A total of 475 thyroid FNAs of lesions ≤ 1 cm with...

Background Mutational analysis contributes to the diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid nodules analyzed with fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Although several advanced molecular tests based on multiple molecular markers are available for clinical use and have increased their impact on clinical management of patients, they are not widely availa...

Simple Summary Histopathological classification of endometrial carcinoma has evidenced two main groups with different biological behavior: low-grade (G1–G2) and high-grade (G3) endometrial tumors. Moreover, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) documented four molecular categories with distinct clinical, pathologic, and molecular features: POLE/ultramutat...

Colonization of breast carcinoma by non-neoplastic melanocytes of epidermal origin was first described by Azzopardi and Eusebi in 1977. We herein report two cases on the exceptional clinical and pathological features of this phenomenon in a 66-year-old and a 51-year-old patients. The pathogenesis is not fully understood, but a disrupted basement me...

Biopsy proven Gleason score is essential to decide treatment modalities for prostate cancer, either surgical (radical prostatectomy) or non-surgical (active surveillance, watchful waiting, radiation therapy and hormone therapy). Several studies indicated that biopsy proven Gleason score may underestimate Gleason score at radical prostatectomy, henc...

Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) have been traditionally considered as indistinctly slowly progressing conditions; recent evidence proves that a subset of cases have a rapid evolution, so that MPNs’ prognosis needs to be personalized. We identified a new morphological parameter, defined as Megakaryocytic Activation...

Metanephric adenoma (MA) is an uncommon benign renal tumor whose histomorphological aspect resembles that of Wilms' tumor and papillary renal cell carcinoma. From a diagnostic and therapeutic perspective, recognition of this entity is important as it has a more favorable clinical outcome compared with Wilms' tumor and papillary renal cell carcinoma...

Objective We compared ultrastaging and one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) examination of sentinel lymph nodes in two homogeneous patient populations diagnosed with early stage cervical cancer. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the rate and type of sentinel lymph node metastases detected by ultrastaging and OSNA assay. Secondary a...

Objective To identify in which cases after cytological diagnosis, the Bladder EpiCheck test could represent an effective tool in non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma or an useless expence. Materials and methods 375 patients diagnosed with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, 269 with high grade urothelial carcinoma and 106 with carcinoma in situ,...

Purpose To report the different uncommon pathogenesis of three cases of severe vertical restrictive strabismus associated with progressive unilateral proptosis with similar clinical features. Methods Case series of three patients who presented to the Orbit Outpatient Service of Policlinico Gemelli with a history of left progressive unilateral prop...

Background The detection of rosette‐like clusters (RLC) of follicular cells in thyroid carcinoma has been reported mostly in the columnar cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (CCV‐PTC). Despite the fact that diagnosing variants of PTC is no longer encouraged by The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC), the identificat...

Introduction: Endometriosis is a common benign gynecological condition that can be associated with a slightly increased risk of developing a wide range of malignancies. Case presentation: We herein report a singular case of a 62-year-old woman with a history of pelvic endometriosis, referred to our institution for chronic pelvic pain and uterine...

Aims Bladder EpiCheck is one of several urinary tests studied to identify bladder tumours and analyses 15 methylation biomarkers determining bladder cancer presence on the basis of methylation profile. Methods 374 patients diagnosed with high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer were treated and followed for 1 year with voided urine cytology a...

Alterations in the transcriptional factor c-MYC could be involved in the anti-EGFR resistance in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The c-MYC expression was evaluated in 121 RAS and BRAF wild-type mCRC before treatment with anti-EGFR+Folfiri therapy and in 33 subsequent metastases collected during target therapy (TT) or in TT resistance phase. We...

Enteric duplication cysts are rare malformations mostly diagnosed before the age of two, with varied clinical presentations. Ectopic gastrointestinal epithelium can be present, and management involves surgical resection. A three-month-old girl presented with rectal bleeding due to an ileocolic intussusception. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a target...

Background Programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression is emerging as an important predictive biomarker in anti–PD‐L1 cancer immunotherapy. Its role has been clearly defined in various human cancers and is linked to a poor prognosis and resistance to anticancer therapies. The role of PD‐L1 in thyroid cancers has not been well defined in fine‐needl...

Background: Bladder leiomyosarcoma is the most frequent mesenchymal neoplasm of the bladder. However, the rarity of the disease and some morphological aspects could give serious problems to differential diagnosis. Case presentation: A 86-year-old male patient was referred to our institution to undergo endoscopic low-urinary-tract re-evaluation 2...

No standard treatment has been established for metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM). Immunotherapy is commonly used for this disease even though UM has not been included in phase III clinical trials with checkpoint inhibitors. Unfortunately, only a minority of patients obtain a clinical benefit with immunotherapy. The immunological features of mUM were...

Gastroblastoma is a rare, distinctive gastric biphasic tumour affecting both sexes, with metastatic potential. To the best of our knowledge, 11 cases have been hitherto published, solidly supported by morphology, immunophenotype and, in 4 instances, by identification of a characteristic MALAT‐GLI1 fusion gene.1‐6 A twelfth “gastroblastoma”, questio...

Background Lymph node metastases represent the most important negative prognostic predictor in vulvar carcinoma. Therefore, an accurate preoperative assessment of suspicious lymph nodes would be fundamental for a personalized therapy. The aim of this article was to assess the reliability of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) i...

Background Hyalinizing trabecular tumors (HTTs) are rare, essentially benign, follicular cell–derived thyroid neoplasms characterized by a trabecular growth pattern and nuclear pseudoinclusions. Their cytological findings are misleading, because these tumors are often misinterpreted on fine needle aspirate cytology as malignant lesions, such as pap...

In this study, we have examined 67 cytology specimens from patients from 2014 to 2016. The ratio man to women was 4:1 with a median age of 75 years (range: 55–87 years). Thin‐Prep processed urinary cytology specimens demonstrated large urothelial cells, with cytologic features of malignancy, thus including hypochromatic nuclei with occasional perip...

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms, particularly the diffusible VEGF-121, could play a major role in the response of recurrent glioblastoma (GB) to anti-angiogenetic treatment with bevacizumab. We hypothesized that circulating VEGF-121 may reduce the amount of bevacizumab available to target the heavier isoforms of VEGF...