Vincent Maire

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Verified

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• Doctor in Ecology
• Professor (Full) at University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres

The study of microbial communities of the plant phyllosphere in remote locations using DNA-based approaches is limited by the challenges associated with their preservation in the field and during transportation. Freezing is a common DNA preservation strategy, but it may be unsuitable for leaf samples, or inaccessible in some locations. Other method...

Water‐use efficiency (WUE) is affected by multiple leaf traits, including stomatal morphology. However, the impact of stomatal morphology on WUE across different ontogenetic stages of tree species is not well‐documented. Here, we investigated the relationship between stomatal morphology, intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) and leaf carbon isotope...

Increases in shrub height, biomass and canopy cover are key whole‐plant features of warming‐induced vegetation change in tundra. We investigated leaf functional traits underlying photosynthetic capacity of Arctic shrub species, particularly its main limiting processes such as mesophyll conductance. In this nutrient‐limited ecosystem, we expect leaf...

Earth harbours an extraordinary plant phenotypic diversity¹ that is at risk from ongoing global changes2,3. However, it remains unknown how increasing aridity and livestock grazing pressure—two major drivers of global change4–6—shape the trait covariation that underlies plant phenotypic diversity1,7. Here we assessed how covariation among 20 chemic...

Water-use efficiency (WUE) is affected by multiple leaf traits, including stomatal morphology. However, the impact of stomatal morphology on WUE across different ontogenetic stages of tree species is not well-documented. Here, we investigated the relationship between stomatal morphology intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE=A/gs) and leaf carbon iso...

Aim Arctic plants survived the Pleistocene glaciations in unglaciated refugia. The number, ages, and locations of these refugia are often unclear. We use high‐resolution genomic data from present‐day and Little‐Ice‐Age populations of Arctic Bell‐Heather to re‐evaluate the biogeography of this species and determine whether it had multiple independen...

Plant biomass is a fundamental ecosystem attribute that is sensitive to rapid climatic changes occurring in the Arctic. Nevertheless, measuring plant biomass in the Arctic is logistically challenging and resource intensive. Lack of accessible field data hinders efforts to understand the amount, composition, distribution, and changes in plant biomas...

Aim: Arctic plants survived the Pleistocene glaciations in unglaciated refugia, but the number of these refugia is often unclear. We use high-resolution genomic data from present-day and Little-Ice-Age populations of Arctic White Heather (Cassiope tetragona) to re-evaluate the biogeography of this species and determine whether it had multiple indep...

Selection within natural communities has mainly been studied along large abiotic gradients, while the selection of individuals within populations should occur locally in response to biotic filters. To better leverage the role of the latter, we considered the hierarchal nature of environmental selection for the multiple dimensions of the trait space...

Evidence points out that increasing plant productivity associated with greater erect shrub abundance alters soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in the Arctic. However, the underlying plant economic traits remain poorly examined, which limits our understanding of plant–environment interactions driving tundra carbon cycling. We explored how erect shrub...

It is of prime importance to understand feedbacks due to the release of carbon (C) stored in permafrost soils (permafrost‐climate feedback) and direct impacts of climatic variations on permafrost dynamics therefore received considerable attention. However, indirect effects of global change, such as the variation in soil nutrient availability and gr...

“Least‐cost theory” posits that C3 plants should balance rates of photosynthetic water loss and carboxylation in relation to the relative acquisition and maintenance costs of resources required for these activities. Here we investigated the dependency of photosynthetic traits on climate and soil properties using a new Australia‐wide trait dataset s...

Aim: Selection within natural communities has mainly been studied along large abiotic gradient, while the selection of individuals within population should occur locally under the play of biotic filter. To better seize the role of the latter, we postulated that the hierarchal nature of environmental selection and the multiple dimension of species t...

Leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA), carboxylation capacity (Vcmax) and leaf nitrogen per unit area (Narea) and mass (Nmass) are key traits for plant functional ecology and ecosystem modelling. There is however no consensus about how these traits are regulated, or how they should be modelled. Here we confirm that observed leaf nitrogen across species...

Nutrient availability for tundra vegetation could change drastically due to increasing temperatures and frequency of nitrogen deposition in the Arctic. Few studies have simultaneously examined the response of plant communities to these two pressures over a long period. This study aims to assess which driver between increasing nitrogen (N) and phosp...

Litter decomposition is a key process for carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and is mainly controlled by environmental conditions, substrate quantity, and quality as well as microbial community abundance and composition. In particular, the effects of climate and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on litter decomposition and its...

Significance Identifying species assemblages that boost the provision of multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously (multifunctionality) is crucial to undertake effective restoration actions aiming at simultaneously promoting biodiversity and high multifunctionality in a changing world. By disentangling the effect of multiple traits on multifuncti...

Geese can profoundly affect arctic ecosystems directly (e.g., by grazing vegetation) and indirectly (e.g. by changing nutrient cycling resulting from faces inputs and by reducing plant litter). In the Arctic, behavior and abundance of geese have changed due to climate and land-use change. While the short-term effects of increased goose populations...

Photosynthetic ‘least‐cost’ theory posits that the optimal trait combination for a given environment is that where the summed costs of photosynthetic water and nutrient acquisition/use are minimised. The effects of soil water and nutrient availability on photosynthesis should be stronger as climate‐related costs for both resources increase. Two ind...

Thresholds of aridity Increasing aridity due to climate change is expected to affect multiple ecosystem structural and functional attributes in global drylands, which cover ∼45% of the terrestrial globe. Berdugo et al. show that increasing aridity promotes thresholds on the structure and functioning of drylands (see the Perspective by Hirota and Ol...

Boreal forests provide important ecosystem services, most notably being the mitigation of increasing atmospheric CO2 emissions. Microbial biodiversity, particularly the local diversity of fungi, has been shown to promote multiple functions of the boreal forests of Northeastern China. However, this microbial biodiversity-multifunctionality relations...

Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research sp...

The way species avoid each other in a community by using resources differently across space and time is one of the main drivers of species coexistence in nature1,2. This mechanism, known as niche differentiation, has been widely examined theoretically but still lacks thorough experimental validation in plants. To shape niche differences over time,...

Intensive management of urban lawns is globally widespread, predominantly for aesthetic reasons. However, a growing body of knowledge demonstrates negative ecological and environmental effects of this practice. We present a meta‐analysis of North American and European studies from 2004 to 2019, which incorporates three previously unpublished datase...

Fungi play important roles in forest ecosystems and understanding fungal diversity is crucial to address essential questions about species conservation and ecosystems management. Changes in fungal diversity can have severe impacts on ecosystem functionality. Unfortunately, little is known about fungal diversity in northern temperate and boreal fore...

Explaining the existence of highly diverse plant communities under strong abiotic filtering is a long-standing challenge in ecology. Hierarchical aspects of abiotic and biotic filters are rarely taken into account and studies focus mainly on community-level aggregated patterns. Because variations in biotic conditions might take place in short abiot...

À la sénescence, les feuilles des arbres en milieu riverain entament leur décomposition soit directement sur l’arbre, soit après être tombées sur le sol ou encore dans les rivières. S’en suit alors un tout nouveau cycle de vie, principalement microbien qui va utiliser cette litière sylvestre pour se développer. Ce cycle de décomposition associé à l...

A general occurrence of the phenomenon of priming effect (PE) across varying land use and soil types has not been established so far, particularly on a large geographical scale. Moreover, the impacts of soil properties and soil organic matter (SOM) distribution among physical fractions on the magnitude of PE are still unclear. We addressed these kn...

Better understanding of photosynthetic efficiency under fluctuating light requires a specific approach to characterize the dynamics of energy dissipation in photosystem II. In this study, we characterized the interaction between the regulated YNPQ and non-regulated YNO energy dissipation in outdoor- and indoor-grown sunflower leaves exposed to repe...

L’étude du sol est un élément important pour répondre à plusieurs questions dans le domaine de l’écologie et de l’agriculture. L’une des mesures les plus couramment utilisées pour étudier les sols est sans doute la mesure du potentiel hydrogène (pH) qui est une mesure de l’activité des protons dans le sol. On entend toutefois peu parler de la mesur...

Earth system models (ESMs) use photosynthetic capacity, indexed by the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vcmax), to simulate carbon assimilation and typically rely on empirical estimates, including an assumed dependence on leaf nitrogen determined from soil fertility. In contrast, new theory, based on biochemical coordination and co‐optimization...

La majorité des processus vivants sont sous le contrôle du potentiel d’hydrogène (pH) de l’environnement. La décomposition de la litière foliaire fait partie de ces processus du vivant, avec une décomposition accélérée quand le pH du sol est élevé. L’environnement du matériel en décomposition peut être extrinsèque comme le sol ou l’eau d’une rivièr...

La majorité des processus vivants sont sous le contrôle du potentiel d’hydrogène (pH) de l’environnement. La décomposition de la litière foliaire fait partie de ces processus du vivant, avec une décomposition accélérée quand le pH du sol est élevé. L’environnement du matériel en décomposition peut être extrinsèque comme le sol ou l’eau d’une rivièr...

Aim Within C3 plants, photosynthesis is a balance between CO2 supply from the atmosphere via stomata and demand by enzymes within chloroplasts. This process is dynamic and a complex but crucial aspect of photosynthesis. We sought to understand the spatial pattern in CO2 supply–demand balance on a global scale, via analysis of stable isotopes of car...

Soil organic and inorganic phosphorus (P) compounds can be influenced by distinctive environmental properties. This study aims to analyze soil P composition in natural ecosystems, relating organic (inositol hexakisphosphate, DNA and phosphonates) and inorganic (orthophosphate, polyphosphate and pyrophosphate) compounds with major temporal (weatheri...

Through litter decomposition enormous amounts of carbon is emitted to the atmosphere. Numerous large-scale decomposition experiments have been conducted focusing on this fundamental soil process in order to understand the controls on the terrestrial carbon transfer to the atmosphere. However, previous studies were mostly based on site-specific litt...

Ecosystem productivity is partly determined by organic matter recycling efficiency. To estimate recycling, enzymatic activity can be quantified for enzymes catalyzing terminal reactions producing bioavailable nutrients for plants [1]. This study aims to better understand (1) how ecosystems habitat variables regulate enzymatic activities within carb...

L’objectif est de connaitre comment le sol, indépendamment du climat, va influencer la machinerie photosynthétique : * Le rapport Ci/Ca représente le point d’équilibre de la concentration en CO2 au sein de la feuille lorsque le gain de C par la photosynthèse est maximisé tandis que la perte en eau par transpiration est minimisée ; * Il est alors re...

Through litter decomposition enormous amount of carbon is emitted to the atmosphere. Numerous large-scale decomposition experiments have been conducted focusing on this fundamental soil process in order to understand the controls on the terrestrial carbon transfer to the atmosphere. However, previous studies were mostly based on site-specific litte...

Through litter decomposition enormous amounts of carbon is emitted to the atmosphere. Numerous large-scale decomposition experiments have been conducted focusing on this fundamental soil process in order to under-stand the controls on the terrestrial carbon transfer to the atmosphere. However, previous studies were mostly based on site-specific litt...

Leaf size varies by over a 100,000-fold among species worldwide. Although 19th-century plant geographers noted that the wet tropics harbor plants with exceptionally large leaves, the latitudinal gradient of leaf size has not been well quantified nor the key climatic drivers convincingly identified. Here, we characterize worldwide patterns in leaf s...

Leaf size varies by over a 100,000-fold among species worldwide. Although 19th-century plant geographers noted that the wet tropics harbor plants with exceptionally large leaves, the latitudinal gradient of leaf size has not been well quantified nor the key climatic drivers convincingly identified. Here, we characterize worldwide patterns in leaf s...

The mechanisms controlling the accumulation of carbon (C) in soil organic matter (SOM) and the liberation of C into the atmosphere is of primary interest in the context of climate change. One of the key phenomena that can greatly affect SOM dynamics is priming effect (PE). It is defined as the acceleration of the mineralization of SOM after fresh o...

Soil organic and inorganic phosphorus (P) compounds can be modified by distinctive ecosystems properties. This study aims to analyze soil P dynamics on terrestrial natural ecosystems, relating its organic (monoesters, diesters, and phosphonate) and inorganic (orthophosphate, polyphosphate and pyrophosphate) functional groups with important temporal...

The environmental filtering hypothesis predicts that the abiotic environment selects species with similar trait values within communities. Testing this hypothesis along multiple – and interacting – gradients of climate and soil variables constitutes a great opportunity to better understand and predict the responses of plant communities to ongoing e...

Increasing growth of erect shrubs species, like Salix richardsonii, have been well documented in Arctic tundra. This shrubification of the North causes profound changes in water, energy and nutrient feedbacks between the biosphere, geosphere and atmosphere (REF). However, few studies have yet to examine the impact of these changes on the carbon cyc...

Wetland ecosystems are changing, both in species composition and functional structure. To understand the direction and amplitude of these changes, ecologists study the dynamics of plant functional traits. This can be done by studying the dominance, or central tendency, of plant functional traits along a gradient of environmental conditions. However...

Simulations of photosynthesis by terrestrial biosphere models typically need a specification of the maximum carboxylation rate ( V cmax ). Estimating this parameter using A – C i curves (net photosynthesis, A , vs intercellular CO 2 concentration, C i ) is laborious, which limits availability of V cmax data. However, many multispecies field dataset...

Grassland covers about one quarter of the Earth’s land area and is currently estimated to contribute to the livelihoods of over 800 million people. Grassland provides ecosystem goods and services, mainly through the provisioning of milk and meat. Therefore, the proper use of grasslands will be essential for feeding the nine billion people that will...

Aim The influence of soil properties on photosynthetic traits in higher plants is poorly quantified in comparison with that of climate. We address this situation by quantifying the unique and joint contributions to global leaf‐trait variation from soils and climate. Location Terrestrial ecosystems world‐wide. Methods Using a trait dataset compris...

The file includes: A legend sheet with all variables and their description. A data sheet including trait data (SLA, Nmass, Pmass, Amass, Narea, Parea, Aarea, gs) associated with soil and climate variables which derived (except for annual precipitation and temperature) from worldwide soil and climate datasets Trait data were collated from sources li...

A novel framework is presented for the analysis of ecophysiological field measurements and modelling. The hypothesis 'leaves minimise the summed unit costs of transpiration and carboxylation' predicts leaf-internal/ambient CO2 ratios (ci /ca ) and slopes of maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax ) or leaf nitrogen (Narea ) vs. stomatal conductance. Anal...

Plant functional traits co-vary along strategy spectra, thereby defining trade-offs for resource acquisition and utilization amongst other processes. A main objective of plant ecology is to quantify the correlations among traits and ask why some of them are sufficiently closely coordinated to form a single axis of functional specialization. However...

Gemini, a mechanistic model linking plant functional traits, plant populations, community dynamics, and ecosystem scale fluxes in grasslands has been reported in a companion paper (Soussana et al., 2012). For monocultures and six species mixtures of perennial grass species, this model has been successfully evaluated against experimental data of abo...

The respiratory release of CO2 from soils is a major determinant of the global carbon cycle. It is traditionally considered that this respiration is an intracellular metabolism consisting of complex biochemical reactions carried out by numerous enzymes and co-factors. Here we show that the endoenzymes released from dead organisms are stabilised in...

The respiratory release of CO 2 from soils is a ma-jor determinant of the global carbon cycle. It is traditionally considered that this respiration is an intracellular metabolism consisting of complex biochemical reactions carried out by numerous enzymes and co-factors. Here we show that the endoenzymes released from dead organisms are stabilised i...

Deterministic niche‐based processes have been proposed to explain species relative abundance within communities but lead to different predictions: habitat filtering ( HF ) predicts dominant species to exhibit similar traits while niche differentiation ( ND ) requires that species have dissimilar traits to coexist. Using a multiple trait‐based appro...

The respiratory release of CO 2 from soils is a major determinant of the global carbon cycle. It is traditionally considered that this respiration is an intracellular metabolism consisting of complex biochemical reactions carried out by numerous enzymes and co-factors. Here we show that the intracellular enzymes released from dead organisms 5 are s...

Photosynthetic capacity is one of the most sensitive parameters in vegetation models and its relationship to leaf nitrogen content links the carbon and nitrogen cycles. Process understanding for reliably predicting photosynthetic capacity is still missing. To advance this understanding we have tested across C(3) plant species the coordination hypot...

Mean temperature functions of the maximum rates of carboxylation () and electron transport (Jmax) and their ratio (/). Functions were calculated using the parameters related to temperature sensitivity (activation and deactivation enthalpies and entropy) as calibrated by Kattge & Knorr (2007) for many species (48 species for , 32 for Jmax and 29 for...

Demonstration of the formalism of the coordinated leaf photosynthetic N content. (DOC)

Details on the leaf photosynthesis coordination hypothesis. Variation of leaf carboxylation rates with leaf nitrogen content for three levels of radiations (A–C). According to the leaf photosynthesis coordination theory, a leaf photosynthetic N content is determined as colimiting the carboxylation/oxygenation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) by...

Prediction of Nac in using the parameters k3 and Jfac calculated from the regression analyses on the independent part of the dataset in a bootstrap analysis (Table S4). Characteristics of the relationship between predicted and observed leaf N content (Nac/Na, gNm−2). The intercepts of regression for each PFT were set to zero (since there were not s...

Dependence of leaf photosynthetic parameters on plant functional type (PFT). ANOVA model and mean comparison test by LSD method of the PFT effect on leaf photosynthetic traits used in the test of coordination hypothesis (, Jmax, k3, Jfac and SLA). The values of k3 and Jfac were log-transformed and all residuals followed a normal distribution. For a...

Sensitivity analysis of the photosynthesis-stomatal conductance model. Following Félix & Xanthoulis (2005), a sensitivity analysis of the models calibrated for Dactylis glomerata with common one-to-one variation of parameters (±15%). Output variables are shown as lines, parameters as columns. The sensitivity index (IOS) was calculated as the maxima...

Range of the observed values among literature of the parameters used in the leaf photosynthesis – stomatal conductance model. The categories were the minimum, the maximum, the median and the percentage of variation of parameters range. The sources of observations were also reported. The sources, where the minimum and maximum values were observed, w...

Multiple regression analyses of Vcmax and Jmax from environmental growth conditions for the bootstrap analysis. Independent variables: X1: air CO2 concentration (Cg); X2: N level; X3: soil H2O level; X4: radiation (PPFD); X5: air growth temperature (Tg); X6: air relative humidity (hs). The number of observations was 236. (DOC)

Sensitivity analysis of the photosynthesis – stomatal conductance model. (DOC)

Dataset used for the validation of leaf photosynthesis coordination. The excel file includes the leaf photosynthetic parameters and the environmental growth conditions used to calculate Wc, Wj and Nac. (XLS)

Multiple regression analyses of k3 and Jfac from environmental growth conditions for a bootstrap analysis. Independent variables were the same as Table S3. The number of observations was 236. (DOC)

Prediction of Wc and Wj (µmol m−2 s−1) in using the parameters Vcmax and Jmax calculated from regression analyses on the independent part of the dataset in a bootstrap analysis (Table S3). Characteristics of the Wc/Wj relationship. The intercepts of regression for each PFT were set to zero (since there were not significantly different from zero) to...

Plant functional traits (PFTs) are useful tools to explain species' responses to environmental changes, because their values reflect the strategy whereby adaptation to variations in land use are achieved, resulting in changes in species performance. However, the role of PFTs plasticity on plant response to environment is poorly explored. This study...

A structure–function–diversity model of grassland ecosystems (Gemini) has been developed. For a potentially unlimited number of clonal plant populations, it explicitly simulates competition for two key resources (light and nitrogen) along vertical canopy and soil profiles. Population turnover, shoot and root morphogenesis, photosynthesis, respirati...

Plant functional traits (PFTs) are useful tools to explain species' responses to environmental changes, because their values reflect the strategy whereby adaptation to variations in land use is achieved, resulting in changes in a species' performance. However, the role of PFT plasticity on plant response to environment has barely been explored. Thi...

Productivity-diversity relationships are routinely described mainly in terms of species richness. However, these relationships can be affected by the functional strategy and physiological plasticity characterizing each species as they respond to environment and management changes. This study, therefore, aimed to analyze species interactions in gras...

It is increasingly recognized that soil microbes have the ability to decompose old recalcitrant soil organic matter (SOM) by using fresh carbon as a source of energy, a phenomena called priming effect (PE). However, efforts to determine the consequences of this PE for soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics are in their early stage. Moreover, little is k...

How plant functional strategies are translated into species abundance in a community is a key question for the estimation of ecosystem functioning along environmental gradients. We address this question using 13 widespread grass species co-occurring in semi-natural mesic grasslands of central France. Plant functional strategies were identified usin...

How plant functional strategies are translated into species abundance in a community is a key question for the estimation of ecosystem functioning along environmental gradients. We address this question using 13 widespread grass species co-occurring in semi-natural mesic grasslands of central France. Plant functional strategies were identified usin...

Although plant functional traits (PFTs) appear to be important indicators of species' responses to land use changes, there is no clear understanding of how the variations in traits and their plasticity determine variations in species performance. This study investigated the role of functional shoot traits and their plasticity for variation in above...

Understanding the interplay between land-use change, species diversity and ecosystem function is critical for the prediction of global change impacts on ecosystem services. Biodiversity experiments with artificial species assemblages have shown that community-scale species richness may affect ecosystem productivity and spatial stability. However, t...