Vincent Foulongne

Vincent Foulongne
Université de Montpellier | UM1 · UMR 1058 – Pathogenesis & Control of Chronic Infections

PhD

About

274
Publications
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Publications

Publications (274)
Article
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Background: Neutralizing antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein reduce COVID-19-related risk of hospitalization, particularly in high-risk individuals. The COCOPREV-R study aimed to evaluate and compare clinical outcomes in high-risk SARS-CoV-2 patients treated with dual monoclonal antibody therapies and to identify associated virologic...
Preprint
The vaginal microbiota is structured into five main community state types (CST) that are known to affect women's health. CST shifts can occur in less than a day, but there is a lack of follow-ups lasting more than a few months; a gap in the knowledge that hampers our understanding of long-term dynamics. Analysing a longitudinal cohort of 125 women...
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The human skin virome, unlike commensal bacteria, is an under investigated component of the human skin microbiome. We developed a sensitive, quantitative assay to detect cutaneous human resident papillomaviruses (HPV) and polyomaviruses (HPyV) and we first used it to describe these viral populations at the skin surface of two patients with atopic d...
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The measles virus is highly contagious, and efforts to simplify its diagnosis are essential. A reverse transcriptase/recombinase polymerase amplification assay coupled with CRISPR/Cas12a and an immunochromatographic lateral flow detection (RT-RPA-CRISPR-LFD) was developed for the simple visual detection of measles virus. The assay was performed in...
Preprint
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the most oncogenic viruses known to humans, with 12 high-risk (HR) genotypes causing nearly all cervical cancers. Cytology is commonly used to screen for cervical lesions but is currently being replaced by testing for high-risk HPV (HR HPV). Although HR HPV screening has a higher sensitivity, its specificity is lim...
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Faced with the pandemic viral circulation of SARS-CoV-2, healthcare establishments have had to maintain an effective screening strategy in order to prevent nosocomial clusters. Automated antigenic tests appear to be a reliable and complementary alternative to RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) in order to optimize patient care...
Preprint
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Objectives HPV infections are ubiquitous. For most infections, we lose track of the presence of the virus in host in less than three years after the start of infection. The mechanisms regulating the persistence of HPV infection are still partially understood. In this work, we focus on incident HPV detection in young women and we characterise the dy...
Preprint
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections drive one in twenty new cancer cases. Despite the potential for improving treatment, screening, and vaccination strategies, little is known as to why the vast majority of HPV infections clear spontaneously within two years. To untangle the dynamics of these non-persisting infections, we performed a combined qua...
Article
The vaginal ecosystem is a key component of women’s health. It also represents an ideal system for ecologists to investigate the consequence of perturbations on species diversity and emerging properties between organisational levels. Here, we study how exposure to different types of menstrual protection products is linked to microbial, immunologica...
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Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), the most oncogenic virus known to humans, are often associated with Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) infections. The involvement of the latter in cervical cancer is controversial but its long-term infections might modulate the mucosal microenvironment in a way that favors carcinogenesis. We know little about coinfection...
Preprint
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), the most oncogenic virus known to humans, are often associated with Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) infections. The involvement of the latter in cervical cancer is controversial but its long-term infections might modulate the mucosal microenvironment in a way that favors carcinogenesis. We know little about coinfection...
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Identification of the main SARS-CoV-2 variants in real time is of interest to control the virus and to rapidly devise appropriate public health responses. The RT-qPCR is currently considered to be the reference method to screen SARS-CoV-2 mutations, but it has some limitations. The multiplexing capability is limited when the number of markers to de...
Article
CRISPR-Cas is an adaptive immune system that prevents bacteria and archea from nucleic acids invasion such as viral genomes. The ability of the CRISPR-Cas technology to effectively and precisely cut a targeted genomic DNA region was exploited to develop powerful genome editing tools that were adapted for a wide range of applications, revolutionizin...
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Background West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV), two closely related flaviviruses, mainly follow an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds, but also infect humans and other mammals. Since 2010, their epidemiological situation may have shifted from irregular epidemics to endemicity in several European regions; this requires confirmati...
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We analyzed 324,734 SARS-CoV-2 variant screening tests from France enriched with 16,973 whole-genome sequences sampled during September 1, 2021-February 28, 2022. Results showed the estimated growth advantage of the Omicron variant over the Delta variant to be 105% (95% CI 96%-114%) and that of the BA.2 lineage over the BA.1 lineage to be 49% (95%...
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Since early 2021, SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern (VOCs) have been causing epidemic rebounds in many countries. Their properties are well characterised at the epidemiological level but the potential underlying within‐host determinants remain poorly understood. We analyse a longitudinal cohort of 6,944 individuals with 14,304 cycle threshold (Ct) val...
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Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have been associated with increased risk of pneumonia. Their impact on respiratory virus infections is unclear. We performed a post-hoc analysis of the FLUVAC cohort, a multicenter prospective cohort study of adults hospitalized with influenza-like illness (ILI) during six consecutive influenza seasons (2012–2018). All...
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In the context of social events reopening and economic relaunch, sanitary surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection is still required. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic performances of a rapid, extraction-free and connected reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay on saliva. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and saliva from 4...
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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented daily use of RT-PCR tests. These tests are interpreted qualitatively for diagnosis, and the relevance of the test result intensity, i.e. the number of quantification cycles (Cq), is debated because of strong potential biases. Aim We explored the possibility to use Cq values from SARS-CoV...
Preprint
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We analysed 131,478 SARS-CoV-2 variant screening tests performed in France from September 1st to December 18, 2021. Tests consistent with the presence of the Omicron variant exhibit significantly higher cycle threshold Ct values, which could indicate lower amounts of virus genetic material. We estimate that the transmission advantage of the Omicron...
Preprint
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Objective To determine if the use of menstrual cups rather than tampons is associated with more or less health risk. Design Analysing biological, demographic, and behavioural data in a cohort of women who reported using mostly tampons ( n = 81) or menstrual cups ( n = 22). Setting A cross-sectional analysis using the inclusion data of a single ce...
Article
L’infection par le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH) est une maladie chronique qui peut être traitée par des traitements antirétroviraux (ARV). Cependant, le succès de ces traitements a été compromis par l’émergence croissante d’infections au VIH résistantes aux ARV notamment dans les pays à ressources limitées. La détection de ces mutation...
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SARS-CoV-2 variants raise concern regarding the mortality caused by COVID-19 epidemics. We analyse 88,375 cycle amplification (Ct) values from variant-specific RT-PCR tests performed between January 26 and March 13, 2021. We estimate that on March 12, nearly 85% of the infections were caused by the Alpha variant and that its transmission advantage...
Preprint
Analysing 92,598 variant screening tests performed on SARS-CoV-2 positive samples collected in France between 1 July and 31 August 2021 shows an increase of Kappa-like infections. Full genome sequencing reveals that these correspond to Delta variants bearing the S:E484Q mutation. Most of these sequences belong to a phylogenetic cluster and also bea...
Article
Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics and in/out-hospital outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among adults hospitalised with influenza-like illness (ILI) and compared against patients admitted for influenza. Methods: Adults hospitalised with ILI were prospectively included from five French university hospitals...
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We analysed 9,030 variant-specific RT-PCR tests performed on SARS-CoV-2-positive samples collected in France between 31 May and 21 June 2021. This analysis revealed rapid growth of the Delta variant in three of the 13 metropolitan French regions and estimated a +79% (95% confidence interval: 52–110%) transmission advantage compared with the Alpha v...
Preprint
Analysing 5,061 variant-specific tests performed on SARS-CoV-2 positive samples collected in France between 31 May and 8 June 2021 reveals a rapid growth of the δ variant in the Ile-de-France region. The next weeks will prove decisive but the magnitude of the estimated transmission advantage (with a 95% confidence interval between 67 and 120\%) cou...
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To assess SARS-CoV-2 variants spread, we analysed 36,590 variant-specific reverse-transcription-PCR tests performed on samples from 12 April–7 May 2021 in France. In this period, contrarily to January–March 2021, variants of concern (VOC) β (B.1.351 lineage) and/or γ (P.1 lineage) had a significant transmission advantage over VOC α (B.1.1.7 lineage...
Article
A 2015 Zika virus outbreak has revealed a critical need for large scale serological assays. However, many available tests either require a cumbersome, costly apparatus or lack the availability of full automation. In order to address these limitations, we describe a homogeneous assay for antibody detection via measurement of superparamagnetic partic...
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Variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 raise concerns regarding the control of coronavirus disease epidemics. We analyzed 40,000 specific reverse transcription PCR tests performed on positive samples during January 26-February 16, 2021 in France. We found high transmission advantage of variants and more advanced spread than ant...
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Arbovirus diagnostics on blood from donors and travelers returning from endemic areas is increasingly important for better patient management and epidemiological surveillance. We developed a flexible approach based on a magnetic field-enhanced agglutination (MFEA) readout to detect either genomes or host-derived antibodies. Dengue viruses (DENVs) w...
Article
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a chronic disease that can be treated with antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. However, the success of this treatment has been jeopardized by the emergence of HIV infections resistant to ARV drugs. In low-to middle-income countries (LMICs), where transmission of resistant viruses has increased over the past...
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An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Preprint
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SARS-CoV-2 variants raise major concerns regarding the control of COVID-19 epidemics. We analyse 40,000 specific RT-PCR tests performed on SARS-CoV-2-positive samples collected between Jan 26 and Feb 16, 2021. We find a high transmission advantage of variants and show that their spread in the country is more advanced than anticipated.
Article
Objectives The implementation of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) may enhance the efficiency of SARS‐CoV‐2 testing, as RDTs are widely accessible and easy to use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a diagnosis strategy based on a combination of antigen and IgM/IgG serological RDTs. Methods Plasma and nasopharyngeal samples were...
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Background Epidemic arbovirus transmission occurs among humans by mosquito bites and the sylvatic transmission cycles involving non-human primates (NHPs) still exists. However, limited data are available on the extent in NHPs infections and their role. In this study, we have developed and validated a high-throughput serological screening tool to st...
Article
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Background Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging neurotropic arthropod-borne virus recently involved in massive die offs of wild birds predominantly reported in Europe. Although primarily asymptomatic or presenting mild clinical signs, humans infected by USUV can develop neuroinvasive pathologies (including encephalitis and meningoencephalitis). Simila...
Article
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West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are zoonotic arboviruses. These flaviviruses are mainly maintained in the environment through an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds. Horses and humans are incidental, dead-end hosts, but can develop severe neurological disorders. Nevertheless, there is little data regarding the involvement of...
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We assessed the expression of CD169, a type I interferon-inducible receptor, on monocytes (mCD169) in 53 adult patients admitted to the hospital during the COVID-19 outbreak for a suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection. mCD169 was strongly overexpressed in 30 out of 32 (93.7%) confirmed COVID-19 cases, compared to three out of 21 (14.3%) patients in who...
Article
Understanding genital infections by Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) remains a major public health issue, especially in countries where vaccine uptake is low. We investigate HPV prevalence and antibody status in 150 women (ages 18 to 25) in Montpellier, France. At inclusion and one month later, cervical swabs, blood samples and questionnaires (for dem...
Preprint
Full-text available
Objectives: The implementation of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) may enhance the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 testing, as RDTs are widely accessible and easy to use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a diagnosis strategy based on a combination of antigen and IgM/IgG serological RDTs. Methods: Plasma and nasopharyngeal samples were...
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Full-text available
Zoonoses can constitute a threat for public health that can have a global importance, as seen with the current COVID-19 pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). Bats have been recognized as an important reservoir of zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs). In West Africa, where there is a high diversity of bat species, little is...
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Zika virus (ZIKV) can be associated with neurological impairment in children and adults. To reach the central nervous system, viruses have to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a multicellular system allowing a tight separation between the bloodstream and the brain. Here, we show that ZIKV infects cells of the BBB and triggers a subtle change in...
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PurposeTo describe the burden, and characteristics, of influenza-like illness (ILI) associated with non-influenza respiratory viruses (NIRV).Methods We performed a prospective, multicenter, observational study of adults admitted with ILI during three influenza seasons (2012–2015). Patients were screened for picornavirus, respiratory syncytial virus...
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Background: The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic, uses the angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2), a physiological inhibitor of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), as a cellular receptor to infect cells. Since the RAAS can induce and modulate pro-inflammatory responses, it could play a key role in...
Preprint
Background. Understanding genital infections by Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) remains a major public health issue, especially in countries where vaccine uptake is low. Methods. We investigate HPV prevalence and antibody status in 150 women (ages 18 to 25) in Montpellier, France. At inclusion and one month later, cervical swabs, blood samples and qu...
Article
Full-text available
The detection of DNA molecules by agglutination assays has suffered from a lack of specificity. The specificity can be improved by introducing a hybridization step with a specific probe. We developed a setting that captured biotinylated DNA targets between magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) grafted with tetrathiolated probes and anti-biotin antibodies....
Preprint
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We assessed the expression of the cell adhesion molecule Sialoadhesin (CD169), a type I interferon-inducible receptor, on monocytes (mCD169) in 53 adult patients admitted to the hospital during the COVID-19 outbreak for a suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection. mCD169 was strongly overexpressed in 30 out of 32 (93.7%) confirmed COVID-19 cases, compared...
Article
Background: Human encephalitis represents a medical challenge from a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. We investigated the cause of 2 fatal cases of encephalitis of unknown origin in immunocompromised patients. Methods: Untargeted metatranscriptomics was applied on the brain tissue of 2 patients to search for pathogens (viruses, bacteria...
Article
Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays are needed for serological surveys and as a complement to molecular tests to confirm COVID-19. However, the kinetics of the humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 remains poorly described and relies on the performance of the different serological tests. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the performance of six...
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Background Knowledge of the COVID-19 epidemic extent and the level of herd immunity is urgently needed to help manage this pandemic. Methods We used a panel of 167 samples (77 pre-epidemic and 90 COVID-19 seroconverters) and SARS-CoV1, SARS-CoV2 and MERS-CoV Spike and/or Nucleopcapsid (NC) proteins to develop a high throughput multiplex screening...
Preprint
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Covid-19 crisis showed us that rapid massive virus detection campaign is a key element in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic response. The classical RT-PCR laboratory platforms must be complemented with rapid and simplified technologies to enhance efficiency of large testing strategies. To this aim, we developed EasyCoV, a direct saliva RT-LAMP based SARS-CoV-2 v...
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Acute parvovirus B19 infection may lead to erythroblastopenia crisis in patients with underlying red blood cells disorders. We report herein an uncommon concomitant transient aplastic crisis in a mother and her daughter, both affected by hereditary spherocytosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of a very high parvovirus B19 DNA load in...
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Usutu virus (USUV), an African mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to West Nile virus, was first isolated in South Africa in 1959. USUV emerged in Europe two decades ago, causing notably massive mortality in Eurasian blackbirds. USUV is attracting increasing attention due to its potential for emergence and its rapid spread in Europe in recent...
Article
Objectives To describe the prevalence, clinical features and complications of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections in a population of adults hospitalized with influenza-like illness (ILI). Methods This was a retrospective, observational, multicenter cohort study using prospectively collected data from adult patients hospitalized during influenz...
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The incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare and highly metastatic skin malignancy, has sharply increased in the last decade. Clinical biomarkers are urgently needed for MCC prognosis, treatment response monitoring, and early diagnosis of relapse. The clinical interest of circulating tumors cells (CTCs) has been validated in many solid canc...
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Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging arbovirus that was first isolated in South Africa in 1959. This Flavivirus is maintained in the environment through a typical enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds. USUV has spread to a large part of the European continent over the two decades mainly leading to substantial avian mortalities with a significa...
Article
Full-text available
Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging arbovirus that was first isolated in South Africa in 1959. This Flavivirus is maintained in the environment through a typical enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds. USUV has spread to a large part of the European continent over the two decades mainly leading to substantial avian mortalities with a significa...
Article
Les symptômes cliniques communs aux infections arbovirales et leur co-circulation en zones endémiques rendent complexe leur diagnostic. Combiner les tests moléculaires et immunologiques sur une même plateforme permettrait d’améliorer la surveillance épidémiologique et la prise en charge des patients. Dans ce contexte, nous avons évalué une nouvelle...