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Introduction
I am an archaeologist, working in the Institute of Archaeology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, as Senior Research Fellow. I am specialized in Central European Early and Middle Bronze Age. I am interested in Bronze Age metallurgy, depositional and burial practices, and questions of settlement structure, social archaeology and political economy.
Current institution
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January 1999 - present
Education
September 1990 - July 1995
Publications
Publications (82)
The transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age (around 1500 BCE) in the Carpathian Basin was parallel by drastic cultural changes in Central-Europe, which strongly influenced the dynamic of prehistoric Europe. The cultural fragmentation of the Middle Bronze Age (2000 − 1500 BCE) Carpathian Basin was followed by a more homogeneous development...
The Yamnaya archaeological complex appeared around 3300 bc across the steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas, and by 3000 bc it reached its maximal extent, ranging from Hungary in the west to Kazakhstan in the east. To localize Yamnaya origins among the preceding Eneolithic people, we assembled ancient DNA from 435 individuals, demonstrating t...
The monograph series Confinia et Horizontes has been launched to disseminate the results of the prehistoric research connected to the Römisch-Germanische Kommission (RGK), the 120-year-old research institution of the German Archaeological Institute. One of its key themes is the Sárköz and the dissemination of the results of the RGK’s 5-years-long s...
This diachronic multiproxy analysis illustrates individual movement behaviour such as exogamy patterns within extensive economic and socio-cultural networks and their evolution throughout the Neolithic period
In this paper we present new AMS radiocarbon dates from the Bronze Age cemetery of Tiszafüred-Majoroshalom excavated between 1961 and 1972. The cemetery provides crucial information on the cultural development and chronology of the Bronze Age Otomani-Füzesabony and the Tumulus cultures of Eastern Central Europe, in addition to the transition betwee...
The Hungarian National Museum has been curating a great number of Bronze Age metal hoards since the second half of the 19th century, including deposits which comprise exclusively gold objects. The museum’s collection holds nearly 230 pieces of gold hair-rings (Lockenringe and Noppenringe) that belong to hoards consisting exclusively of gold hair-ri...
The Yamnaya archaeological complex appeared around 3300BCE across the steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas, and by 3000BCE reached its maximal extent from Hungary in the west to Kazakhstan in the east. To localize the ancestral and geographical origins of the Yamnaya among the diverse Eneolithic people that preceded them, we studied ancient...
Lynx remains are rare in archaeological assemblages. The skeleton of an adult male accompanied by four dogs was found in a large Migration Period pit at Zamárdi-Kút-völgyi-dűl} o II, Hungary. Extant lynx skeletons were used in estimating the shoulder height of this individual. Its stature is comparable to those of the large dogs it was buried with....
Amber was one of the key raw materials distributed in Bronze Age Europe. One of its varieties – succinite – wasexchanged over a vast area stretching from its sources on the southern shores of the Baltic Sea to the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. The chemical identification of Baltic amber significantly expands our knowledge of the dynamics and nat...
A few scattered vessels, typologically attributed to the Gáta–Wieselburg culture, are known from the Friuli Venezia Giulia region in northeastern Italy. This culture spread during the Early Bronze Age (Reinecke Br A1b and A2, 2100–1700/1600 bc) in present‐day eastern Austria, western Hungary and southwestern Slovakia. Rare ceramic artefacts, typica...
Sükösd–Árpás-dűlő V. lelőhelyen a bronzkori halomsíros kultúra különösen gazdag temetkezése került elő 2020- ban. Az azt követő ásatáson, 2021-ben a Türr István Múzeum munkatársai önkéntesek segítségével további 28 sírt tártak fel a lelőhelyen, melyek közül csak 12 (kilenc csontvázas és három hamvasztásos) sír tartalmazott leleteket. A többi esetbe...
Az európai, és ezen belül a hazai őskori régészettudomány kezdeteitől elsődleges kutatási módszer a kerámia-, kő- és fémtárgyak tipológiai elemzése. Ezt kiegészítve hamarosan, már 1850-ben megjelent a réz- és bronztárgyak nyersanyagának vizsgálata. A századfordulót követően, majd az 1960-as és 1970-es években esetenként, az 1990-es évektől pedig eg...
Copper is one of the most important raw materials in the Carpathian Basin, and its extraction, processing and trade can be traced at least from the Bronze Age to the Middle Ages and beyond. Drawing on a variety of sources and research methods, the authors explore the patterns of distribution of this raw material in Europe. The aim of the diachronic...
In der Grenzregion Ostösterreichs, der Südwestslowakei und Westungarns sind
relativ viele, auf die Zeit zwischen 2200/2100 und 1600/1500 v. Chr. datierbare Körperbestattungen,
beziehungsweise Gräberfelder bekannt. Anhand der Riten und Beigaben, doch in erster Linie anhand der
Keramiktypen dieser Bestattungen isolierte man am Anfang des 20. Jahrhund...
In this study we report 21 ancient shotgun genomes from present-day Western Hungary, from previously understudied Late Copper Age Baden, and Bronze Age Somogyvár-Vinkovci, Kisapostag, and Encrusted Pottery archaeological cultures (3530-1620 cal BCE). Our results indicate the presence of high steppe ancestry in the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture. They w...
Horse domestication is a key element in history for its impact on human mobility and warfare. There is clear evidence for horse control from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BCE in the Carpathian Basin, when antler cheekpieces appear in the archaeological record mostly in the eastern areas. Previous archaeogenomic studies also revealed that the...
Balatonkeresztúr-Réti-dűlő lelőhelyen az M7-es autópálya építését megelőző ásatások során 2003–2004-ben kilenc régészeti korszak emlékei között a kora bronzkor végére keltezhető kisapostagi kultúra települése és 12, zömmel melléklet nélküli temetkezése is előkerült. A 13. sírban 35-45 éves nő nyugodott, akinek a feje körül előkerült, fejdíszhez vag...
The articulated skeleton of an adult male lynx was found in association with four dogs and scattered bones of other domesticates in a pit at Zamárdi‐Kútvölgyi‐dűlő II, Hungary. Lynx remains occur rarely in the archaeological record and protocols for ageingan sexing do not exist. Theintact skull of the skeleton offered an opportunity to review the c...
Archaeological research is currently redefining how large-scale changes occurred in prehistoric times. In addition to the long-standing theoretical dichotomy between ‘cultural transmission’ and ‘demic diffusion’, many alternative models borrowed from sociology can be used to explain the spread of innovations. The emergence of urnfields in Middle an...
In this study we report 21 ancient shotgun genomes from present-day Western Hungary (3530-1620 cal BCE), from previously understudied Late Copper Age Baden, and Bronze Age Somogyvar-Vinkovci, Kisapostag, and Encrusted Pottery archaeological cultures. Our results indicate the presence of high steppe ancestry in Somogyvar-Vinkovci culture that was re...
Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age¹. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between...
Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare¹. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling2–4 at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc³. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestic...
In this study, we present osteological and strontium isotope data of 29 individuals (26 cremations and 3 inhumations) from Szigetszentmiklós-Ürgehegy, one of the largest Middle Bronze Age cemeteries in Hungary. The site is located in the northern part of the Csepel Island (a few kilometres south of Budapest) and was in use between c. 2150 and 1500...
Human culture, biology, and health were shaped dramatically by the onset of agriculture ~12,000 years before present (BP). Subsistence shifts from hunting and gathering to agriculture are hypothesized to have resulted in increased individual fitness and population growth as evidenced by archaeological and population genomic data alongside a simulta...
The proceedings before us, comprised of seven papers, are inspired by the subject of the almost completed CRAFTER programme Creative Europe project. The full title of the project is Crafting Europe in the Bronze Age and Today, and in brief, the idea was to draw inspiration from Europe’s Bronze Age pottery to help revive modern-day artisanship. The...
Bár írásos emlékeket nem ismerünk a bronzkor időszakából, a Kárpát-medencét érintő későbbi (pl. kora középkori) népvándorlásokra vonatkozó források ismeretében gyakran a bronzkor változásait is új népek betelepüléséhez, kisebb-nagyobb migrációkhoz kötötte a régészeti kutatás. Az utóbbi két évtizedben újra előtérbe került a történelem előtti időkben...
Although there is no textual evidence known from the Bronze Age, written sources describing migrations of later (i.e. Early Medieval) periods effecting the Carpathian Basin were interpreted as instances of cultural and population change which could be comparable with processes that took place during the Bronze Age in the Carpathian Basin. In the pa...
The connections between the plains of the Po and the Danube during the Bronze Age seen through the spread of the ‘urnfield model’ - The adoption of a new funerary ritual denotes an important change in society, although it can be difficult to identify the triggers. In the past, theories such as that of Luigi Pigorini on the origin of the Terramare c...
The entire book see here: http://www.archaeopress.com/ArchaeopressShop/Public/download.asp?id=%7bCCC4A053-4941-4D90-82B7-7B652B7E5B21%7d
During the past few decades, the archaeological analysis of gender has gone through tremendous theoretical and methodological development. However, although gender relations are fundamental to the social life of any community, Hungarian archaeology only took its initial steps in the archaeology of gender relatively recently, in keeping with several...
It has been a quarter of a century since the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe and the opening up of these areas to the West. With this process, archaeology saw a large influx of new projects and ideas. Bilateral contacts, Europe-wide circulation of scholars and access to research literature has fuelled the transformation processes. T...
Papers from a session at EAA 2014 in Istanbul.
It has been a quarter of a century since the fall of
communism in Central and Eastern Europe and
the opening up of these areas to the West. With
this process, archaeology saw a large influx of new
projects and ideas. Bilateral contacts, Europe-wide
circulation of scholars and access to research litera...
This paper presents recent research questions which have been raised and methods which have been used in the study of Bronze Age metallurgy in connection with available natural resources (ores) in and around the Carpathian Basin. This topic fits in the most current trends in the research on European prehistoric archaeology. Given the lack of writte...
Around 4000 years ago, in the Bronze Age, some European societies underwent deep economic and political changes. Larger and more permanent settlements were established, in which exceptional crafts developed under an emerging dominant class of warriors and rulers. The sharp growth intechnological transfers and mobility of artisans is most visible in...
The cremation of dead bodies was a common practice in the Carpathian Basin throughout the Bronze Age (2500-800 BC).
Researchers, however, often face a number of challenges when investigating cremated remains concerning 14C dating. Our pilot
project was designed to measure samples of cremated bone (dating of inorganic bioapatite) in tandem with asso...
A comparative study was undertaken to adopt and evaluate a radiocarbon ( ¹⁴ C) preparation procedure for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements of cremated bones at our laboratory, including different types of archaeological samples (cremated bone, bone, charcoal, charred grain). All ¹⁴ C analyses were performed using the EnvironMICADAS A...
Art historical and archaeological research generally links the emergence of prehistoric art to rituals. The interpretative possibilities of anthropomorphic representations can now be broadened following the realisation of anthropologists that the human body has served, and still serves, as an important source of metaphors.
Organisers: Dragana Filipović, Wiebke Kirleis, Viktória Kiss, Jutta Kneisel, Gabriella Kulcsár.
***
The Bronze Age in Europe was characterised by far-reaching transformations in socio-political organisation, demographic structure, technology, material culture and symbolic expression. It was also a period of some major changes in the environment,...
The 29 individuals found in 27 graves at Nagycenk were buried there in the time period between 2000-1700 BC, according to radiocarbon dates - i.e. at the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age in Hungary. The cemetery is of unique importance, both because of the richness of burial assemblages (altogether 30 bronze objects, 5 gold jewelries) and the sca...
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nature25738.
From around 2750 to 2500 BC, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 BC. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide...
Archaeological evidence points to substantial changes in Bronze Age societies in the European-Mediterranean region. Isotope geochemical proxies have been compiled to provide independent ancillary data to improve the paleoenvironmental history for the period of interest and support the interpretation of the archaeological observations. In addition t...
Bell Beaker pottery spread across western and central Europe beginning around 2750 BCE before disappearing between 2200-1800 BCE. The mechanism of its expansion is a topic of long-standing debate, with support for both cultural diffusion and human migration. We present new genome-wide ancient DNA data from 170 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age E...
The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000-1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequ...
Farming was established in Central Europe by the Linearbandkeramik culture (LBK), a well-investigated archaeological horizon, which emerged in the Carpathian Basin, in today's Hungary. However, the genetic background of the LBK genesis is yet unclear. Here we present 9 Y chromosomal and 84 mitochondrial DNA profiles from Mesolithic, Neolithic Starč...
In this paper we present the application of various neutron-based methods carried out at the Budapest Neutron Centre. Non-destructive and non-invasive neutron radiography (NR), Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) and time-of-flight Neutron Diffraction (TOF-ND) analysis was applied to reveal more information on raw material and production techni...
Farming was established in Central Europe by the Linearbandkeramik culture (LBK), a well-investigated archaeological horizon, which emerged in the Carpathian Basin, in today's Hungary. However, the genetic background of the LBK genesis has not been revealed yet. Here we present 9 Y chromosomal and 84 mitochondrial DNA profiles from Mesolithic, Neol...
The research of iron objects and history of smelting in the Carpathian Basin run back over two hundred, while the analysis of copper, gold and bronze artefacts over one hundred years. Here I attempt to give an overview of the results of the recent decade with the help of the archaeometry case studies of metal finds from Hungary published in the Arc...
It has been a quarter of a century since the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe and the opening to the West. With this process archaeology saw a large influx of new projects and ideas. Bilateral contacts, Europe-wide circulation of scholars and access to research literature has fuelled transformations of long-standing paradigms. The ai...
Around the time of the Thera eruption important transformations occurred in the Carpathian Basin. This is the so-called Koszider Period, which corresponds to the last phase of the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) in the Hungarian terminology and represents a transition to the Late Bronze Age. The assessment of the period has been controversial among both Hu...
Research on the network of Bronze Age settlements and their burial grounds has always been a priority of archaeological fieldwork in Central Europe. Researchers of the past centuries tended to focus on the large central settlements such as tells and hillforts. The past decade has seen a shift in research perspectives: while the study of central set...
Prehistoric copper and bronze artefacts have been studied from many different viewpoints during the past 100 years of archaeometallurgical research based in the Carpathian Basin and in broader Central Europe. This short overview focuses upon the technological and social historical backgrounds of these processes, attempts to explore the operational...
The volume presents the latest research results concerning the Transdanubian Encrusted Pottery culture. This social complex, which was named after its distinctive pottery highlighted by white inlaying, occupied the western regions of the Carpathian Basin (so-called Transdanubia) during the Middle Bronze Age (2000–1600/1500 BC). The collection of a...
Inlaid ceramics belonging to the Encrusted Pottery Culture and dated to the Middle Bronze Age (2000–1500 BC) are highly distinctive vessels with complex decorative motifs found in large numbers in the Transdanubia region of Hungary. Despite this considerable corpus of material there has been little systematic investigation of the composition of the...
This study presents the results of the petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical analysis of Kisapostag Culture (Early Bronze Age) pottery (jars or urns/amphorae) from Vörs-Máriaasszony-sziget. This study forms a part of a major project on pottery analysis at a multi-period archaeological site. Pottery samples were chosen through macroscopic exam...
Inlaid ceramics belonging to the Encrusted Pottery Culture and dated to the Middle Bronze Age (2000–1500 BC) are highly distinctive vessels with complex decorative motifs found in large numbers in the Transdanubia region of Hungary. Despite this considerable corpus of material there has been little systematic investigation of the composition of the...
Kutatásunk során a Ménfőcsanak-83. út nyomvonalán feltárt középső bronzkori, kelta és langobard temető, illetve rézkori, kelta, római, avar és Árpád-kori település feldolgozását és publikációra előkészítését tűztük célul. Az elnyert pályázat csökkentett költségvetése miatt az eredeti munkaterv módosítására kényszerültünk, így a lelőhely őskori anya...
