Vijaya Ramnath

• B.E., M.E.,Ph.D
• Professor (Full) at Sri Sairam Engineering college

Continuously variable transmission (CVT) is a form of automatic gearbox that has the ability to attain infinite gear ratios. They are used in a variety of automobiles, including scooters, Baja vehicles, and ATVs. The engine’s power is transmitted from the primary to the secondary CVT using a belt and pulley system. By adjusting the diameter of the...

In current scenario, to improve the mechanical behavior of the materials, the conventional materials are replaced by composite materials to decrease the overall mass of the material which can be incorporated in various industrial engineering applications. As far as the application is concern, the main factors to be considered are wear, friction and...

Nowadays Magnesium Matrix composites (MMCs) replace conventional materials with their enhanced properties in notable biomedical applications like cardiovascular stents, dental implants, etc. and also in chemical, aerospace and automotive applications owing to lightweight structural and low density properties. This study examines the mechanical and...

Nowadays Magnesium Matrix composites (MMCs) replace conventional materials with their enhanced properties in notable biomedical applications like cardiovascular stents, dental implants, etc. and also in chemical, aerospace and automotive applications owing to lightweight structural and low density properties. This research work discusses about mech...

This Special Issue aims to promote recent developments in functional materials and to publish articles reporting preparative method, design, properties, structure, and characterizations, endorsing their application in required areas.

Nowadays, industries are focusing on developing new materials which must have good durability, bio degradable and with ease of fabrication. For military application, aramid fiber is mostly preferred due to their high impact resistance property. If natural fiber is also combined with aramid fiber then industries can produce biodegradable material. H...

Nowadays, composite materials are supplanting conventional materials because of their upgraded properties. Various research works suggest that composite materials have better properties when contrasted with the existing materials that are for the most part utilized in the automotive and aviation sector. This paper proposes the fabrication and inves...

Development of natural fiber reinforced sustainable composites have become the focus point due to their enriced behaviour when compared with conventional materials. In this paper, the effect of fiber orientation of basalt fiber with aluminium mesh based composites made by vacuum-assisted hand layup technique is investigated, where aluminium mesh is...

The objective of this study was to look at the time-dependent behaviours of a PMMA toughened SiC particle added glass-epoxy composite. The primary goal of this study was to look at time-dependent behaviours including fatigue, fracture toughness, and viscoelasticity following toughening using PMMA and SiC fine fillers. The SiC particles used as a st...

In this paper, it deals with the experimental investigation of the light weight magnesium alloy reinforced with carbon nanotubes at varying composition. Magnesium alloys is a material with different composition of which some are sturdy enough to withstand various kinds of loads and repeated stresses acting over it. Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) are used...

In this present research we aimed to detecting mechanical properties of Aloevera–Bamboo–Palm-Kevlar fiber reinforced composite materials. Among them three different combinational fabrication was performed (i) Type I (blend of aloevera and bamboo) (ii) Type II (blend of bamboo and palm) and (iii) Type III (blend of palm and aloevera). The mechanical...

Composites are new materials that are replacing traditional materials with their enhanced properties likely high flexural strength, tensile strength, biodegradable, increased thermal resistance, low density, creep, and corrosion resistance. This paper investigates the flexural strength which is a 3-point bending test of twisted Abaca and Neem fiber...

In this study the AZ63 magnesium alloy which is known for its low coefficient of thermal expansion and good wear resistance is used along with silicon carbide (SiC) which is a semiconductor with high hardness wear resistance used in the form. This composite is manufactured using stir casting methodology where the magnesium alloy and silicon carbide...

The aim of this present study was to investigate and optimize the effect of adding brown rice husk ash (BRHA)–derived α-silicon nitride (Si3N4) and nickel-phosphorus (Ni–P) reinforcements onto the surface of austenitic AISI 316L bioimplantable stainless steel via electroless coating. This study brings the rationale about how the agricultural biomas...

Kitting assembly is generally accepted as a good solution in industries for controlling problems related to WIP and whenever there are problems about space, quality, materials handling, flexibility and learning due to high number of variants. This paper proposes the application of kitting assembly for reduction of work in process inventory in an au...

In this study, two types of cryogenic treatment [deep cryogenic treatment (−196 °C) and shallow cryogenic treatment (−80 °C)] were used to increase wear resistance in AISI 440C bearing steel. Out focus was to find a way to increase wear resistance via deep microstructural analyses, and also to correlate the microstructure with the wear characterist...

Metal Matrix composite is a metal reinforced with two or more consitutents which can be any other materials either metal or non-metal. Aluminium alloy is one of the most demanding materials in current engineering industry especially aerospace, aircraft and marine industries. It suits most of the engineering applications due to its high strength to...

The process of producing a perfect work holding device is of prime importance to any industry. The drill jig must be such that it conforms to all the factors of design and that is absolutely economical too. Our work is to design a Multi component drill jig for brake lining componentwhich will be an advanced way for producing the spring-hole drills...

Most of the industrially manufactured components working life are reduced due to the less wear-resisting property of the composite materials. To produce components in reduced wear rates are more important in many engineering fields nowadays. This review has analysed the wear characteristics of fiber and foam sandwich composite materials and the wea...

Hybrid natural fiber composites can be used to meet the present technological development and innovation needs. These natural fibers are environmentally friendly and have a better economical value. This chapter discusses the fabrication and study on mechanical characteristics of hybrid composites which consist of neem, kenaf and GFRP. Here, the com...

Nowadays, composite materials replace conventional material by virtue of their properties like high strength to weight ratio, improved wear resistance and corrosion resistance. In this work, the aluminium metal matrix composites were fabricated with help of stir casting process. Here, five samples of composites were fabricated with aluminium as mat...

Nowadays natural fiber composites are replacing the conventional materials by their superior properties. They have less weight to strength ratio, biodegradability, ruse, and are readily available. This chapter summarizes the mechanical properties of the mono fiber and hybrid composites fabricated from some of the commonly available natural fibers s...

EDM process is primarily used in machining of Al6061 metal matrix composite reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) and carbon nano-tube (CNT). This process can be used to measure the Metal Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR) and Surface Roughness (SR) of the work piece material. Using Taguchi’s parameter design, significant machining parameters...

In this paper, it was investigated about the flexural and hardness behaviour of graphene reinforced with hemp fiber composites. Hemp fibres with graphene of two different laminates are prepared. Epoxy resin of grade LY556 along with hardener HY 951 is blended with graphene composites through hand layup method. The mechanical properties of graphene...

Friction stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process which removes the common problems encountered in conventional welding processes. FSW is normally suitable for alloys of aluminium, magnesium and steel. Sectors like automotive, aerospace, ship building and electronics industries are facing problems with fusion welding, since there is a hu...

This investigation focused to study the effects of submerged friction stir welding (SFSW) process parameters on the microhardness and tensile strength of the AA8011–H24 aluminium alloy and AA5083-H321 aluminium alloy joints. The nine different experiments are carried out based on the SFSW process parameters, viz., rotational speed, welding speed an...

This investigation aimed to study the influence of the critical friction stir welding (FSW) parameters involved on the tensile properties, viz. tensile strength and tensile elongation of the dissimilar AA8011-H24 aluminium alloys and Ti3Al2.5 titanium alloy joints. The process parameters, viz. rotational speed, axial feed, and welding speed, with f...

Natural Fibre composites are being widely used as a replacement to non-bio-degradable polymer composites. The unavailability of proper processes to treat the natural fibres and the errors in fabrication result in less accurate mechanical properties. The accuracy that is obtained by machine-based processes is not possible in Hand layup method, which...

Varieties in tractable and sway properties of Roselle fiber strengthened polyester composites brought about by the expansion of glass fiber have been investigated. Roselle fiber in mix with glass is magnificent for making economically savvy composite materials. The impact of the plan of glass and Roselle fiber in the readiness of composites have li...

Natural fibre reinforced composites are replacing conventional materials as natural fibres are cheap, biodegradable, and non abrasive. They have high specific properties and low density. The natural fibre composites offer specific properties compared to conventional fibre composites. In this paper, hybrid composites are fabricated with basalt and b...

Friction stir welding process applied to fabricate the aluminium alloy joints in aerospace, and automotive industries due to various problems occurred in fusion welding process. This investigation carries the optimization of the friction stir welded parameters of AA8011-H24 alloys on the responses using hybrid Fuzzy based response surface methodolo...

Manufacturing of complex shapes and porous components in the traditional methods are very difficult. Powder metallurgy is metal forming process by which complex shapes can be formed easily without any material loss. To achieve high wear resistance with high thermal conductivity metal matrix composites are used. In this research work, the compositio...

The fracture properties like toughness of the trans-laminar fracture was calculated for the Titanium/epoxy laminate in a series of center notched quasi isotropic IM7/8552 which is of 3mm and 9mm scaled specimen thickness. The main objective of the paper was to find out that there is a toughness of the fracture change in the transition laminate thic...

The influence of an upstream building on the suction pressure on the roof top of a low rise building was earlier studied. This work computationally validates the original experimental results, and provides further insights on the effect of geometric modification for the tall building. The computational grid uses a boundary layer approach to capture...

Abrasive water jet machining is one of the primarily utilized non-traditional machining processes as it tends to cut highly hard and brittle materials and it is a best alternative for the traditional machining processes. The main intent of this paper is to optimize the process parameters such as the pressure of water, flow rate of the abrasives use...

Supplier selection plays a vital role in managing the supply chain. Recent trend on sustainability has made the selection more complex. Decision support tools and methodologies can help organizations and supply chain managers make more effective decisions. Many tools have been developed with a variety of formal modeling techniques. The techniques m...

This paper gives a review on the sandwich composite and its advancements. In recent years, a large number of researches and advances have been carried out in the field of sandwich composite. Many new innovations are being produced successfully in this field. This is one of the most rapid and emerging technology in the recent years. Introduction of...

Lean Manufacturing techniques are being implemented in Indian SMEs widely. The government of India is also helping these SMEs in their Lean journey by providing various incentives. Other institutes like ILO, NPC and QCI also help in implementing Lean tools in order to make them more competitive in the global market. In recent times many consultants...

Sandwich composite material structures arevery important factors because the advantages of light weight and high strength and stiffness of the sandwich core composite structure. Honeycomb sandwich composite materials and corrugated cores are mostly used in the aerospace, marine structure, automobile, structural and construction etc. To withstand hi...

In this work, Nylon 6 and E-glass fibre are pooled together to get a polymer matrix composite for the purpose of wear reduction in spur gear material. Nylon 6 and the E-glass fibre were combined by this process in this ratio of (80:20) & (70:30). This paper aimed to investigate the mechanical properties such as tensile, compression and impact test...

This work cope with the fabrication of hybrid structure composite made of woven glass fibre and Stainless Steel Wire Mesh (SSWM) embedded in Epoxy resin. The hybrid structure composite made using Hand layup method with weight fractions of 50, 52.5, 55, 57.5, 60 wt.% of Woven glass fibre, SSWM uniformly maintained (10 wt.%) in all the laminate excep...

In this work, z-axis controlled electro-discharge machine is used to machine D2 die steel. Tungsten powder is used as powder in dielectric medium in order to boost the material removal rate (MRR) in powder mixed electro-discharge machining (PMEDM). Input characteristics used in this process are applied current, pulse on time and pulse off time. The...

Metal matrix composites are gaining enormous acceptance in the recent times. This is due to their remarkable characteristic of enhancement in their mechanical properties without any compromise in their weight. This paper deals with the investigation of mechanical properties of Aluminium 6061 reinforced fly ash with CNT. Here samples of four differe...

In the emerging world of technology, metal matrix composites have been playing the vital role in various applications to reduce the weight, increase the physical properties like hardness, tensile strength etc. Among these Aluminium metal matrix composites are the ones where the research is concentrated since Iron and steel can be replaced by Alumin...

All Metal Matrix Composites are new materials which is a combination of molten metal called matrix and strengthening particles called reinforcement. This paper reveals the reinforcement of Zircon sand and fly ash with Aluminium alloy (LM6) with a specific ratio using stir casting technique to fabricate MMC. Here, Mechanical property namely tensile...

Composite materials are playing a major role in engineering applications. They are used in automobiles, marine, aerospace, sports and various other fields. Nowadays, reinforcing is done with natural fiber in place of synthetic fiber. Natural fibers are cheap and abundantly available. They are nontoxic and can be treated chemically in order to enhan...

Sandwich composite is a special form of a laminated composite comprising a combination of different materials that are bonded to each other so as to utilize the properties of each separate component to the structural advantage of the whole assembly. Usually a sandwich structure consists of two relatively thin, stiff and strong faces separated by a...

In recent years more research is carried out on natural fiber composites due to their low weight and reusable property and improved mechanical characteristics. The natural fiber based composites are economical and can be fabricated easily in places fibers are abundantly available. Such composites are recyclable and are nontoxic in nature. They are...

This research paper deals with the fabrication procedure and the testing process of metal matrix composite material comprising of Aluminium and Silicon Carbide in addition with Carbon Nanotubes. Aluminium composites are preferred in manufacturing of various industrial machine components and automobile parts due to their favourable properties like l...

Sandwich composite is a particular form of laminated composite in which a combination of two different and stiff materials is bonded together. In these composites, properties of the sandwich specimens are enhanced by its individual constituents. Sandwich composites usually consist of two thin, stiff materials separated by thick lightweight cores. T...

Natural fiber reinforced composites is an emerging area in polymer science. These natural fibers are low cost fibers with low density and high specific properties. In this paper, hybrid composite is fabricated with basalt fibre as a major constituents and glass fibre reinforced polymer as are in forcing agent. The method used for manufacturing the...

In recent years, both industrial and academic world are focussing their attention toward the development of sustainable composites, reinforced with natural fibres. In this present work, the tensile behaviour of basalt fiber composites were investigated. The manufacturing of the composite is done by hand lay method. Morphological analysis were done...

High demand on materials to increase the overall performance of automotive and aerospace components has forced the development of composite materials. Among the various composites, Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (AMMC) are widely used to fulfill the emerging industrial needs. This paper deals with the investigation of mechanical properties of AM...

The present and future needs have set a stage for innovation and technological development in the field of natural composite fibers because of their economical value and its eco friendly environment. Due to high stiffness and low density, composites can be implemented in various engineering applications. In this paper, the natural fibers namelyKena...

Die design is one of the most important steps in Powder Metallurgy process because the shape and attributes of the die will directly affect the final component. Die design has a number of steps and considerations to be made before fabrication. This project is an attempt to design and fabricate a die for cold compaction process used in the powder me...

Friction-Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state process for joining of two plates in which there is a relative motion between the tool and work piece, which produces the heat required that makes the material of the two edges to join by atomic diffusion. Friction- Stir Welding of Stainless Steel, Aluminium and various other alloys are done on retrofitt...

The main aim of this work is to study the mechanical and chemical properties of the known mollusc shells like periwinkles, clams, land snails, green oysters, lacre etc., generally these mollusc shells are known for their rich calcium carbonates and other macromolecules(mostly proteins and polysaccharides).the shells were checked for their mechanica...

Now-a-day technology demands new innovative materials for making more reliable and smart components. With those aspects, composite materials list as top among the new engineering materials that finds application in all fields of engineering and technology. This paper aims to investigate the tensile property of a Kevlar composite prepared by hand la...

With the development of Global market, it has become a major challenge for most of the manufacturing enterprises around the world to optimize their production strategies because of the demand for “The better quality product with shorter lead time and lower life cycle cost”. In order to meet these requirements, many enterprises face a critical need...

The present experimental study aims at learning the mechanical behavior of natural fiber composites. Natural fibers have an attracting the interest to engineers, researchers, professionals and scientists all over the world as an alternative reinforcement, because of its superior properties such as high specific strength, low weight, low cost, fairl...

This paper reviews the possible Metal Matrix Composites of Grade 5 Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) with Kevlar® and carbon fiber and their uses. These composites can be implemented in various industries like Marine industry as a hull material for naval warships, in the aerospace industry, in the defence sector and for the fabrication of various structur...

Fasteners play a very vital role in all engineering applications mainly in automobile and aerospace industries. In these industries it is very important to reduce the weight of the components in order to increase the performance. Therefore, the role of polymer fasteners, which are lighter in weight, becomes significant. The polymers which are gener...

Composite Material have found widespread application in various fields. Carbon Nanotubes have recently emerged as materials with outstanding properties. However, until now, the main obstacle is to obtain a homogenous dispersion of the CNTs in the desired material matrix. The manufacturing of Metal/CNT specimen is done by Powder Metallurgical proces...

In the present scenario weight of an automobile, Vehicle is a major issue. Many composite materials are used now a day in order to overcome this issue. In this paper, Drive shafts made of SM45C Steel is compared with the Kevlar composite shaft. The Strength and Efficiency of the composite drive shaft is also tested. For this, CATIA v5 is used softw...

In this modern world, there are always pressure on the designers and the manufacturers to respond to the consumer needs. Engineering involves designing, manufacturing, constructing, and maintaining of products, systems, service and structures. In this paper, an attempt has been made to derive all the parameters, which are necessary for designing th...

Metal matrix composites (MMC) are the combination of two or more dissimilar base metals which in turn gives new metal. Composites have better properties than their base material. Nowadays, composites play the major role in manufacturing industries especially in automotive industry. This paper reveals the reinforcement of Aluminium alloy (6061) with...

Generally, two or more components used in distinct materials combined together to form the composite materials. These are special materials with vast varying properties. The automotive, aero space, sports industries and some of structures are made better by using composite materials due to its unique strength and hardness. Nowadays sports utilities...

The investigation of mechanical properties of silicon carbide (SiC) powders reinforced with aluminum alloy composites are recorded in this paper. SiC powders of approximately 35µm size were added in an aluminum alloy matrix to manufacture the samples of ratios 1, 2, 3 and 4 by weight % using the stir casting technique. The specimens were fabricated...

Nowadays bio fibre composites play a vital role by replacing conventional materials used in automotive and aerospace industries owing to their high strength to weight ratio, biodegradability and ease of production. This paper aims to find the effect of fibre hybridization and orientation on mechanical behaviour of composite fabricated with neem, ab...

Electro-chemical machining (ECM) is one of the important non-traditional machining processes, which is used for shaping difficult to machine and electrically conductive materials used in aircrafts, automobiles, medical, petroleum and electronic industries. Analysis on material removal rate (MRR) is of atmost crucial in ECM, which significantly redu...

Nowadays quality plays a vital role in all the products. Hence, the development in manufacturing process focuses on the fabrication of composite with high dimensional accuracy and also incurring low manufacturing cost. In this work, an investigation on machining parameters has been performed on jute-flax hybrid composite. Here, the two important re...

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is one of the unconventional machining processes, which is employed to cut electrically conductive as well as hard materials with difficult contour profiles. Mainly these machines are employed in aerospace and aeronautical industries for blade profiling, etc. Even though, ECM provides many advantages like good surfac...

Composite materials have been experimentally tested and manufactured for various sectors such as marine, industrial applications, aerospace, and sports. More notably recent years in sports field, composite materials have been effectively replaced for steel shafts which increase the comfort and accuracy of the player and moreover they have better me...

Objectives: To find the important parameters that affects the performance output (i.e.) to boost the Material Removal Rate (MRR) of the workpiece. Methods: Electro–Discharge Machining (EDM) is a thermal based machining process which is used to remove ‘hard to cut materials’ with complex shapes. The principle with the EDM or spark eroding machining...

Objective: The objective of this paper is to find the optimal machining parameters of Die-Sinking Electro-Discharge Machining on Inconel 825 alloy with nickel coated copper electrode for improving the process response. Methods: The effects of different parameters were studied on the machining responses. The machining parameters considered for this...

Good mechanical and metallurgical properties of powder metallurgy (P/M) materials made them to have limitless applications. In order to minimize corrosion rate during pickling or acid cleaning process corrosion inhibitors are used. In this research work, an attempt is made to investigate the influence of some organic inhibitors with various concent...

Objectives: The scope of this work was to: 1. to fabricate Silicon Carbide (SiC) particle Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) by vortex method; 2. to investigate the effect of SiC particles on the tensile and impact behavior of SiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy composites. Recently, the material technology has seen many contemporary development...

Objectives: The recent development in materials replaces automotive and aerospace components with composites. Among composites, natural fiber composites play a vital role due to their properties like bio-degradability, low strength to weight ratio and ease of manufacturing. Method: In this work, sisal epoxy hybrid composite was fabricated by hand l...

In the field of manufacturing sectors, electric discharge machining (EDM) is widely used because of its unique machining characteristics and high meticulousness which can't be done by other traditional machines. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the optimum machining parameter, to curtail the machining time with respect to high material remov...

Composites are replacing conventional materials in automotive, aero space, and marine industries. This paper aimed to investigate flexural and moisture absorption character of randomly oriented sisal/glass fibre reinforced hybrid composites with different fibre ratios (50:50,45:55,40:60,30:70) were studied. Hand lay up method is used for making the...

The prime factor for selecting an equipment is its performance capability and reliability without compromising on quality. Materials for aerospace application such as aluminum and its alloys have limited applications because of their complications in machining, effectively and economically. There is no further development in raising the effectivene...

Present technology development in the area of materials replaces the conventional materials used in automobile and aerospace sector by composite materials due their less weight and bio degradability. This paper aims to fabricate and investigate the mechanical properties of abaca-raffia hybrid composite fabricated by hand layup process. Since, abaca...

Nowadays, automotive, packaging and sport equipment industries are using natural fibre based composite materials as they are cheap, abundantly available and having a lot of ecological advantages. The main objective of this paper is to introduce a new concept of fibre twisting and to investigate the effect of twisting and the fibre orientation on th...

Now-a-days traditional materials are replacing the natural fibres in automobile components like dashboards, seat-backs and interior trims due to its properties like light weight, environment friendly, good stiffness and high strength to weight ratio . In the study three different continuous fibres, Acacia, Jute and Sisal were mixed in varying propo...