Vien Cheung

University of Leeds

The acquisition of Chinese Characters (CCs) is challenging for learners. Chinese Semantic Radicals (SRs) are semantic components of CCs. The memorization of SRs facilitates the acquisition of CCs when learning Chinese as a second language. This study investigates the effectiveness of Visual Instructions (VIs) in the memorization of SRs by beginners...

The optimal additive primaries are red, green, and blue or RGB. Unfortunately, there is no single set of RGB primaries that has achieved universal acceptance. Rather, RGB primaries have evolved over time in response to consumer demand and technological advancement. Three important sets of primaries, however, are known as SMPTE-C, ITU-R BT.601, and...

Exploring an efficient research method for understanding color preference is important to researchers and designers. This work compares four experimental methods for individual color preference research (N-alternative forced choice, rank-order, rating and paired comparison). Three psychophysical experiments were carried out with 338 participants. P...

Among the fitness and body shaping exercises of Chinese women, swimming has become an increasingly popular sporting activity. Swimsuits are fundamental to participation in this sport and paramount to achieving the wearers' aim of participation. A survey of 3348 Chinese women showed that body fit is central to the purchase of a swimsuit, whether one...

Optical filter aids are marketed which claim to improve colour discrimination in red-green colour vision defectives. An earlier model has been revised and used to assess 9 currently available aids. Spectral reflectances (400-700 nm) for 80 colours equally spaced in hue angle at four equally spaced saturations were synthesised from chromatically adj...

Optical filter aids are marketed which claim to improve colour discrimination in red-green colour vision defectives. An earlier model has been revised and used to assess 9 currently available aids. Spectral reflectances (400-700 nm) for 80 colours equally spaced in hue angle at four equally spaced saturations were synthesised from chromatically adj...

This study evaluated the effect of China's high-speed railway map's color system based on color design principles in information design, various design limitations of the color system were identified and analyzed. A new color system was re-coded and received satisfying effect in the usability test and enhanced the legibility of the map. The researc...

Optical filter aids are marketed which claim to improve colour discrimination in red-green colour vision defectives. An earlier model has been revised and used to assess 9 currently available aids. Spectral reflectances (400-700 nm) for 80 colours equally spaced in hue angle at four equally spaced saturations were synthesised from chromatically adj...

Current sports bras are typically manufactured via a cut and sew process resulting in a high volume of post-production material waste. Seams derived from this cut and sew process are known to irritate the skin during exercise. This irritant discomfort seriously affects the dynamic comfort during exercise, hindering limb movement and displacement of...

This paper aims to explore colour schemes to reduce stress response in the hygiene area of a space station. We conducted a two-stage exploratory Delphi-study with 30 international experts. It was found that the overall environment, stool-urine collection device, garbage collection interface and negative pressure package interface of the hygiene are...

In 1961 the site of the MoGao cave temples was recognised as one of the State Priority Protected Sites laws including the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics. In 1987 UNESCO added the MoGao Caves to its protected World Heritage Sites as one of intrinsic unmatched historic value to humanity. The present paper assesses the appearance of colours...

The purpose of this study is to offer an understanding and knowledge about the role of colour designers in the design process (particularly paint industry), and to discuss the required attributes and skills of colour designers in each stage of the design process. In order to achieve the goals of the research, a qualitative autoethnography was condu...

Spaces are often built under specific structures and are composed by different materials. The final appearance of a space is dictated by utilisation of all the individual elements, such as colour, texture, gloss, shape, that the materials carry. Additionally, ambience and mood of the spaces are usually impacted directly by light and the surrounding...

Although many design process studies and design theories have been developed and presented, in reality designers have rarely followed standard rules. A design process is often more a form of personal self‐expression. The type of approach that designers use in their design work depends on their preference, experience, and education background. There...

This study investigates the legibility of China’s high-speed railway map through eye-tracking measurement. The information searching process was identified by conducting: (1) Scoping stage – a user performance test and interview to inform the design of the eye-tracking study; (2) In-depth stage – an eye-tracking study. A number of visual design pro...

The study investigates the effectiveness of instructional design for non-specialist beginners to learn Chinese Semantic Radicals (SRs). A Chinese SR is the smallest semantic component of a Chinese character. Research has shown that learning Chinese SR benefits the learning of Chinese characters by beginners. Research in this area is scarce with onl...

Existing bra sizing systems are based only on bust and underbust girths, which do not guarantee an accurate fit or comfort for consumers. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the impact of age and body mass index (BMI) on bra sizing systems, and the distributions of band and cup sizes based on anthropometric measurement data. The fi...

It is widely believed that children will choose furniture that has the same color as their preferred color. Furthermore, for different categories of furniture, the color they preferred for furniture is consistent. A study of 508 adolescent Chinese children between the ages of 12 and 16 has been carried out to explore whether color preference influe...

An imaging workflow to categorise images into business graphics and pictorial images based on spatiochromatic information is demonstrated. Studies on three computational characteristics (lightness frequency distribution, average chroma distribution, and Fourier spectrum) show that differences between business graphics and pictorial images can be di...

Multimaterial textiles are frequently employed to attain a certain function or aesthetic effect. The multimaterial assemblies face recycling limitations due to challenges to sort and separate the component materials. A one‐step melt extrusion approach to process two mixed common textile polymers, polyamide 6 (PA6), and polypropylene (PP), into PA6:...

This study aims to investigate perceptions from audience with and without Chinese culture backgrounds in terms of graphic design for learning Chinese characters from two different angles: effectiveness and aesthetics. The results are used to better inform and improve graphic design for the acquisition of Chinese characters. A structured-interview h...

Short-wavelength light is known to have an effect on human alertness in the night-time. However, there are very few studies that focus on the effect of intensity of light on alertness. This study evaluates the acute alerting ability of short-wavelength light of three different intensities (40 lux, 80 lux and 160 lux). Eight subjects participated in...

The sorting of multi-component textile waste into individual components limit the recycling potential of textile waste. Thermo-mechanical processes can be applied to recycle mixed waste, without sorting, to extrude hybrid fibres. This research reports on the mixing of polyamide 6 (PA6) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymers to produce hybrid...

Colour plays an important role in conveying complex meaning and today is ubiquitous in all forms of visual communication. Colour is an important component in logos, symbols, emblems, packaging and the choice of colour impacts on consumers’ product choice (Westland and Shin, 2015). Yet little is known about the relationship between semantic networks...

Colour is a very important element in the interior setup, and in interior design education. It is important to educate students in design schools about colour, and how this element can play a big role in transforming the whole creative design process. Theorists disagree regarding the stage at which colour is considered. For example, many references...

This paper examines the degrees of similarity between the appearance of the blue of lapis lazuli and the colour known as Royal Blue. Our hypothesis is that there is likely to be a resemblance in the appearance of both colours. There is an historic association of lapis lazuli blues with the depiction in Christian culture of both heavenly and earthly...

The aims of this study were to identify problems with current information provision to elderly users when using public transport and to find suggestions for improvement from a designers' point (with particular emphasis on accessibility). To explore the accessibility of information, an exploratory approach was primarily used. First, structured parti...

The aim of this paper was to develop a computational model capable of predicting perceptional glints of metallic coatings. Here, it mainly describes a segmentation method to extract a meaningful glint from the reconstructed images. The glint segmentation was attempted using a Gaussian fitting theory of histogram. The performance of the computationa...

The desire for perfect body figures is ubiquitous across the world. The beauty standards are intangible characteristics, which is very subjective. This research looks into types of design patterns-acting as optical illusions-that can affect viewer perceptions of body size. Some theories are stating that certain patterns can influence how broad or t...

The additive primaries are red, green, and blue or RGB. Unfortunately, there is no single set of RGB primaries that has achieved universal acceptance. Rather, RGB primaries have evolved over time in response to consumer demand and technological advancement. Three important sets of primaries, however, are known as SMPTE-C, ITU-R BT.601, and ITU-R BT...

In 1976, the CIE specified CIELAB and CIELUV, two perceptually uniform color spaces to estimate the magnitude of the difference between two color stimuli. These color spaces were also designed to provide color-difference equations and to interpret color difference in terms of dimensions in lightness, hue, and chroma. The CIELAB and CIELUV color-dif...

Color vision is based upon the responses of three classes of cones in the retina, each of which has broadband sensitivity but maximum sensitivity at different wavelengths. A consequence of this is that color reproduction is trichromatic – the use of three primaries allows a wide range of colors to be reproduced. Color-mixing behavior can be broadly...

Human skin colour measurements from four ethnic groups including 188 subjects were accumulated. Five to ten locations of each subject were measured by using two different instruments, a tele-spectroradiometer and a spectrophotometer. Three repeated measurements were accumulated for each location. Repeatability of the measurements at different locat...

This paper describes a study which aims to define the total appearance of metallic coatings and then objectively characterise it. Total appearance here refers to the combination of three properties of perceptual attributes of the surface: glint, coarseness and brightness. This study took into account one specific viewing angles only when irradiated...

Colour is a very important topic that interior designers need to consider. Considerable research has been conducted in the area of colour application in interior design; in this study we are concerned with colour terms in interior design, mainly the terms designers use and know about. Fifteen interior designers with varied professional backgrounds,...

The additive primaries are red, green, and blue or RGB. Unfortunately, there is no single set of RGB primaries that has achieved universal acceptance. Rather, RGB primaries have evolved over time in response to consumer demand and technological advancement. Three important sets of primaries, however, are known as SMPTE-C, ITU-R BT.601, and ITU-R BT...

The quantitative description of the size of a display gamut is crucial for designing the wide-gamut display of high saturation primaries. Three methods are proposed for the calculation of the number of discernible colors in a display gamut volume. The methods are demonstrated with a comparison of two mobile phone displays, one based on AMOLED techn...

Colour is a crucial element in any interior; interior designers desire to achieve appealing and effective colour schemes in their designed spaces. Many studies have been published in the areas of colour applications in interior design; in this paper we are concerned with the initial design process, colour scheming and choices form an important step...

The use of paired-comparison psychophysical experiments is an important technique that is used widely in imaging studies. It is sometimes difficult to compare every stimulus with every other; the number of paired comparisons for n stimuli becomes prohibitive for large values of n. Thus, experiments are often designed by missing some pairs. However,...

Two subjects, protanomalous and deuteranomalous, performed the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test with and without prescribed ColorView spectacle aids under simulated D65 lighting. Errors were greater with aids than without. Using spectral measurements of test reflectance, aid transmittance and lighting, chromaticities of the 100-hue caps were calcula...

This investigation combines the use of the scientific method of measuring colour with the physical representation of the human perception of a particular colour within the Munsell colour-notation system. The aim is to assess and compare the appearance and use of that colour in two heritage sites. The research is grounded in the case-study of two se...

Color perception is not a passive process. The visual system does not operate like a physical recording device that records and "reproduces" a faithful rendition of the physical world. Rather, the purpose of the visual system is to extract information from the physical world and to create an internal representation. The purpose of this representati...

Color characterization of a display device commonly requires the measurement of CIE XYZ values of known samples displayed as patches on the device so that the relationship between the device space (usually RGB) and the device-independent space (XYZ) can be determined. However, it is known that the color measurements of the patches may vary with the...

This research investigates hue complementarity in different colour spaces namely CIELAB, CIELUV, Kuehni LAB, OSA-UCS, and Hunter Rdab colour spaces. A psychophysical experiment has determined the hue of colours that are deemed complementary to twenty standard fixed hues. The data were then analysed in CIELAB space and the other applied ones to expl...

standing the associations, symbolic meanings and emotional impact of colour is important for creating successful illustration. To create a resonance illustration, in particular, colour plays an important role in emphasising the atmosphere and enabling the story to be coherent. More often, colour is used to enhance the expression of emotional feelin...

A common solution for transferring images from one device to another without loss of co-it would be possible with appropriate characterisation procedures to convert the LCD RGB values to CIE XYZ values and vice versa. Characterisation of devices into a standard colour space that is independent of the device reduces the number of transformations whi...

The four-colour map theorem states that, given any separation of a plane into contiguous the regions of the map so that no two adjacent regions have the same colour. Two regions are considered to be adjacent if they share a common boundary that is not a corner (a point shared by three or more regions). The theorem was proposed in the 1850s and beca...

Marl yarn, consists of combining two or more coloured yarns, has been commonly used by knit designers for creating innovative knitwear over decades. It is observed that different types of yarn parameters and knitting techniques can lead to a variety of colour effects (or, often, referred to as marl effects). However, there is relatively little lite...

Our evolving hypothesis is that a colour-picker interface designed to challenge the novice user will better connect with their creative abilities and help develop their understanding of the interrelated digital colour challenges. An interface approach underpinned by a philosophy of engaging-in-use rather than ease-of-use may help to better rational...

This explores the effect of interior lighting on the perception of the colour blue, produced from three different pigments (lapis lazuli, azurite, and smalt) in post-Byzantine churches where the interior illumination was low and dominated by incandescent light. Moreover, the background to the church decoration at the time was painted black. Our hyp...

Marl yarn, which is regularly used in knitwear and contributes to the scope of knitted fabrics, is often used in response to the colour effects that this yarn can offer the designer. Whilst there is relatively little understanding of the formation of such colour effects, this paper summarises a study on a marl yarn knitting technique to move the le...

Fabric and garment drape were compared using an alternative drape measurement system based on an image analysis technique. Garment drape was investigated using dresses suspended on a mannequin. A graphical user interface was developed to carry out the image analysis and to calculate drape values identifying and determining 21 parameters. A range of...

This paper aims to make a comprehensive review of measurement methods developed for evaluating fabric and garment drape. Drapemeters used for evaluating drapeability since Pierce's bending length tester are reviewed. Parameters proposed for measuring drapeability are also considered. The authors propose that using flat fabric methods does not accur...

Reflectance functions can be represented by low-dimensional linear models with weighted sum of principal components (or, often, referred to as basis functions). Such method to obtain a low-dimensional linear model is based on principal component analysis (PCA). The specific requirement for a low-dimensional model is to accumulate fraction of varian...

Colour perception and preference have often been considered to be culturally linked. In this study, samples of young Korean and UK consumers have been tested to examine their colour preferences and also what they considered to be successful fashion colours. The traditional Korean colours (in various degrees of saturation) have been used for the tes...

The growing importance of colour science in manufacturing industry has resulted in the availability of many excellent text books: existing texts describe the history and development of the CIE system, the prediction of colour difference and colour appearance, the relationship of the CIE system to the human visual system, and applications of colour...