Victor Lawrence

• Stevens Institute of Technology

Abstract— In this paper, we propose that knowledge can be initially designed like any scientific object such a rudimentary automobile, airplane or spacecraft. The premise is based on the theme that a specific body of knowledge rests on the embedded noun objects and the structural relation between these key-groups of knowledge centric objects (KCOs)...

Creativity, invention, and the requisite research environment essential for paving the way for new inventions and innovations are the subject matter of this profoundly important work. It is written by two highly accomplished authors who share substantial Bell Laboratories background, significant academic credentials, and an obvious passion for char...

Additional Book Description A thorough reference for researchers who want to overcome the barriers of knowledge and technology, this book serves as a guide and strategy in evolving innovation. The major inventions discussed are based on patents in electrical engineering, computers, and communication. Integrates creativity and innovation in the cor...

In this paper, we propose two architectural arrangements to build localized and independent intelligent medical networks. These networks constantly monitor the specific needs of the patients and resources of the locality, with the involvement of medical service providers (MSP). The MSPs would serve the medical and informational needs of their clien...

In this paper, we propose two architectural arrangements to build localized and independent intelligent medical networks. These networks constantly monitor the specific needs of the patients and resources of the locality with the involvement of Medical Service Providers (MSP). The MSP's would serve the medical and informational needs of their clien...

A hospital-based integrated medical computer system for processing medical and patient information and for evolving medical knowledge, diagnoses and prognoses is disclosed. The system includes a medical processor including a memory and a plurality of medical data banks connected thereto. The medical processor and the medical data banks are designed...

Multiprocessor architecture having advantages of both synchronous and asynchronous architectures. The multiprocessor (FIG. 10) comprises processors (300) operating in parallel and synchronously. Each processor operates at a different rate (a), so that each processor processes a data unit (316) in a different amount of time. An input distribution fu...

The BRISDN, HO and H1 rates in the loop plant imply the presence of a modern signaling system, if not a full-fledged ITU-T (formerly CCITT) standard SS7 system. Signaling is crucial to the viability of any ISDN service promised by the all-digital networks of the future. The transition can only be gradual since the telephone systems have massive cap...

Intelligent Broadband Multimedia Networks is a non-mathematical, but highly systems oriented, coverage of modern intelligent information networks. This volume focuses on the convergence of computers and communications technologies. Most of the concepts that are generic to all intelligent networks, and their microscopic and macroscopic functions, ar...

AT&T May 1997: (58 worldwide citations), Please USPTO.gov WWW base.

This book presents current and established techniques for designing and engineering new intelligent telecommunications systems. The objective of this book is twofold. First, to provide communication system designers with information for modernizing existing networks, and for making these networks carry voice, data and multimedia information. Second...

This book presents current and established techniques for designing and engineering new intelligent telecommunications systems. The objective of this book is twofold. First, to provide communication system designers with information for modernizing existing networks, and for making these networks carry voice, data and multimedia information. Second...

The design and optimization of the high-speed digital subscriber line (HDSL) need powerful computational strategies. Traditional techniques of distributing poles and zeros on Smith charts generally do not work. In the past, such approaches have lead to suboptimal designs for applications where the data capacity sought is considerably less than the...

To become economically feasible, broadband networks have to be optical, even though individual links may be microwave, coaxial, or even satellite based. The recent technological strides in making very high quality fibers and optical devices, and the availability of ATM switches, all point to the use of optical systems becoming more and more entrenc...

The first objective is to demonstrate the ease of simulation studies of the fiber optic systems. If fiber optic systems are going to become more and more abundant, then their understanding and design should become equally easy. Here, the simulation and design methodology is generalized and implemented on PC based microcomputer systems. The simulati...

Fiber optic technology has catalyzed the information revolution. Its impact is as profound on telecommunications as the impact of the internal combustion engine on transportation. It is just that fiber has not reached every home, even though the automobile has; but then the fiber optic industry is a full generation younger than the automobile indus...

Public domain networks and totally private networks constitute the extremes of network ownership and thus its organization and management. Whereas there is considerable freedom in the architecture and operation of the private network, the public domain network architecture and operation tend to be standardized and streamlined (see Section 4). In th...

The performance evaluation of the high-speed digital subscriber line (HDSL) depends upon the design, linkages, and cooperative role of the extensive data bases during simulation studies. Such data bases are necessary during component design, performance evaluation and the overall feasibility studies of the HDSL at the basic data rate (144 kbps) or...

The DSL and HDSL environments depend upon the physical and electrical constraints of the loops and their ultimate digital capacity. Some of the typical subscriber loop environments are presented in Chapter 5. The BRISDN services are expected to be made available over all telephone lines (without load coils and range extension devices) and their sta...

In this Chapter, an overview of the analysis, numerical and simulation aspects of the high-speed digital subscriber line (HDSL) is presented. The analytical techniques for generation and processing of the ABCD matrices are included. Computational data and file handling aspects are addressed. For the physical environment of the HDSL, the typical sub...

Information revolution has facilitated the movement of massive amounts of data over networks. Human expectations have also risen accordingly. Both audio and visual modes of communication are invoked in most human recipients and network transport providers. Multimedia communication is very much of a reality. Video camera and TV devices become the in...

Various coding techniques are being considered for higher rates ranging from DS-1 over the existing twisted wire-pairs spanning the ISDN Central Offices to the Subscriber, and up to 155 Mbps from data distribution centers to desk tops. Rates higher than the basic information rate at 144 kbps, i.e., the H0 (384 kbps), 768 kbps, are discussed in Chap...

Over the evolutionary phase of most voice networks, a large amount of copper in the form of wires has been used to carry electrically encoded information bearing signals. Copper is a very good conductor (resistivity 1.712×10-8 Ohms/m, 25° C) of electrical signals, being next to silver (resistivity 1.617×10-8 Ohms/m, 25° C). It is cheap, readily ava...

Knowledge highways in an informed society are as generic as lines of commerce in a capitalistic society. The information explosion of the 1990s is not unlike the economic explosion of the 1940s and 1950s. Both these expansions are catalyzed by the growth of the communication and the transportation industries. Whereas, the economic growth of the mid...

Trellis codes combine channel coding and modulation techniques for data transmission over band limited channels. Theoretically, it achieves significant coding gains over conventional uncoded multilevel modulation without compromising bandwidth efficiency. In this Chapter, the effect of trellis encoding algorithms are studied, and the effectiveness...

The fundamental limits of the outside loop plant to carry high-speed digital (bidirectional HDSL and ADSL) data are reported in this Chapter. This Chapter also focuses on the copper wire-pairs, drop lengths, and interconnects that convey the data over the “last mile” to almost all businesses and residences in the United States. The two major custom...

Frequency and phase modulation are the two major subsets of angle modulation techniques for encoding signals onto carriers. The instantaneous phase of the carrier is equally influenced by both of these analog coding methodologies. If the modulated signal can be represented as.

Microcomputer-based simulation facilities, built to investigate the performance of bandwidth efficient quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) type 2-dimensional codes, may be used to investigate the capacity of loop plants. Modulating techniques at baseband frequency are the QAM type, 2-dimensional (2-D) carrierless amplitude and phase or CAP modula...

Wireless communications encompass mobile/portable radio systems. In contrast to land-line communications, wireless systems offer special advantages when voice/data systems require field automation, close communication with mobile employees/robots, and disaster recovery. Field automation permits widely scattered production units to work in close syn...

In retrospect, integrated services digital network (ISDN) was initiated in November 1986. The ISDN trials started in earnest in 1987. By late 1988, US WEST, one of the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs), was offering basic and primary rate ISDN services on an individual trial basis. Basic rate (2B+D) services and bearer channel transparency...

Since the mid-1960s, algorithmic processing and channel switching in telecommunication networks have been well deployed in most Electronic Switching Systems (ESS). Indirect path routing, which relies heavily on the backbone Common Channel Signaling (CCS) network, has facilitated the implementation of intelligent networks (such as, IN/1, IN/2, and U...

Chapter 8, “The AT&T View of Intelligent Networks (INs),” through Chapter 12, “Global Intelligent Networks (INs),” focused on public domain intelligent networks and the AT&T concept (Type-A) and Bellcore concept (Type-B) of intelligent networks (INs). This chapter discusses the more sophisticated INs from a conceptual and functional perspective. Th...

Intelligent networks (INs) in countries outside the United States have evolved to perform services similar to those available in the United States.* The topologies can be slightly different and tailored to the peculiarities of the Central Offices and the distribution of a country’s customer base. Generally, the introduction of new services is suffi...

In this chapter, we extend the architecture of any modern electronic switching system with its three software controlled hardware modules (communication, switching, and administrative) to process information unlike either the call processing of switching systems or the data processing of conventional computer systems. Instead, we add an additional...

The capacity to adapt to the extensive and dynamic network conditions is a requirement of intelligent networks (INs). The network environment may change due to a large number of internal and/or external conditions. The network may become overloaded or faulty; it may experience switching delays or inadequate standby channel capacity or any other net...

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework for the streamlined transfer of information from one logical address in the network to another logical address in the network. When the addresses of the sender and receiver are not within the same network, then gateways are necessary to facilitate the transfer of information.

Vital differences exist between environments for human communication and those for computer communication. Human communication has been studied by social scientists in great detail and is of no direct consequence in the context of this chapter. However, almost all network data communication (except that used to control the network functions) is for...

Communication networks are a collection of entities that function in a collaborative role to convey information from its source to its destination. There is an accepted code of standards for such networks to follow. These standards set guidelines for monitoring the functions of networks in their macroscopic and microscopic forms. To maintain the in...

The Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs), in conjunction with the research done at Bell Communications Research (Bellcore), have proposed the IN/1+ concept and its architecture in considerable detail to circumvent the limitations of IN/1. The IN/1+ architecture and phased introduction is planned to be realized in the United States during the e...

Routine medical care and functions are specially amenable to computer and network processing. In this chapter, we indicate a methodology for processing the medical functions of any patient by the medical community using intelligent computer systems. It is our objective to present architectures to demonstrate that machines can enhance the productivi...

There are two major directions of force on the evolution of the public domain intelligent networks (INs) in the United States. First, the carriers of major data transport facilities around the country are evolving a special type of network intelligence to monitor and implement the network performance requirement from a data-throughput point of view...

The basic concepts of IN/2 differ from those of IN/1+ only by a small extent. In fact, the very powerful components of IN/2 (the intelligent peripheral) and the very flexible concept of service independence were toned down just to be included in IN/1+. A typical example of the architectural overlap is evident from the detailed design of IN/1+ discu...

In order to facilitate the orderly evolution of network intelligence in the public domain, Bell Communications Research, a research and development facility of the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs), has proposed three distinct architectural variations (IN/1, IN/1+, and IN/2). Considerable collaboration in the phased introduction of these ne...

In this chapter, we change the architecture of a typical personal computer to process, learn and remember, switch and access, and carry out routine input/output (I/O) functions. In its new configuration, the processor accomplishes the following functions: Artificial intelligence (AI)—service switching point/service transfer point—type processing/ro...

A universal and generalized interpretation of the network intelligence is implied by American Telephone and Telegraph Company. The INs proposed here have the capacity to introduce several physical and/or logical locations of intelligence in the network. The need, level, and location for the introduced intelligence is flexible and demand-dependent....

Intelligent information technologies are being systematically introduced to the private, business, educational, and public sectors of our society. The power and potential of these technologies involve novel features and services that have personal, corporate, social, and cultural implications. The implications for the users of the facilities that h...

The digital revolution has touched most aspects of our lives. The computational opportunities abound. The communications facilities have networked most computers. Personal computing has reconstituted our rationality. Numbers have become a language of their own. The general impact of such an explosive change depends upon the structure of the culture...

A handful of scientists (Boole), experimentalists (Tyndell, Marconi, Bell), mathematicians (Fourier, Maxwell and Shannon) and technologists (Bardeen, von Neumann, Pierce, Patel and Tarbox) dominate the arena of seminal communication systems. Networks are dominated by corporations rather than individuals, and the collective effort becomes the drivin...

This chapter begins with three basic notions: Knowledge is based on concepts. Events enhance or refute such concepts. No concept, or its modifications, is absolute.

The performance evaluation of the high-speed digital subscriber line (HDSL) depends upon the design, linkages, and the cooperative role of the extensive databases during the simulation studies. Such databases are necessary during component design performance evaluation and the overall feasibility studies ofthe HDSL at the basic data rate (144 kilob...

The authors report a PC-based fiber-optic simulation methodology for the design of lightwave systems for the transmission of high-speed data. The simulation environment can be used in conjunction with other signal processing systems. The fiber transmission and the signal processing subsystems function as a single optimized transmission and processi...

The seventh CCIlT (Consultive Committee of International Telephone and Telegraph), Plenary Assembly has defined ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) as a evolution from the existin telephone network that provides end to end digita f connectivity. Wide range of services are antici ated. Both voice and non-voice services will be o /' fered. The...