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Publications (82)
Vocal expression of emotions has been observed across species and could provide a non-invasive and reliable means to assess animal emotions. We investigated if pig vocal indicators of emotions revealed in previous studies are valid across call types and contexts, and could potentially be used to develop an automated emotion monitoring tool. We perf...
A total of thirty pigs were experimentally slaughtered using gas (80% CO2 in air, 90 s; 30% CO2/70% N2O; 90 s) or electrical stunning (1.3 A, 10 s). Stunning may accelerate post-mortem muscle metabolism, due to psychological stress and/or muscle contractions. The specific effects of the stunning method were studied by limiting pre-stunning physical...
Despite increasingly detailed knowledge of the biochemical processes involved in the determination of meat quality traits, robust models, using biochemical characteristics of the muscle to predict future meat quality, lack. The neglecting of various aspects of the model paradigm may explain this. First, preslaughter stress has a major impact on mea...
Emotions, unlike mood, are short-lived reactions associated with specific events. They can be characterized by two main dimensions, their arousal (bodily activation) and valence (negative versus positive). Knowledge of the valence of emotions experienced by domestic and captive animals is crucial for assessing and improving their welfare, as it ena...
Emotions, unlike mood, are short-lived reactions associated with specific events. They can be characterized by two main dimensions, their arousal (bodily activation) and valence (negative versus positive). Knowledge of the valence of emotions experienced by domestic and captive animals is crucial for assessing and improving their welfare, as it ena...
La question des émotions des animaux d’élevage s’inscrit dans la volonté d’améliorer les conditions d’élevage en prenant en compte leur bien-être. La genèse des émotions repose sur la capacité cognitive des individus à percevoir, évaluer et réagir à leur environnement. La capacité de perception met en jeu différentes sensorialités et participe à la...
Farming systems can expose animals to chronic mild stress which is known to induce negative affective state. Affective state in animals, as in humans, can be assessed through behavioral cues. This study aimed to describe the effect of a chronic mild stress, known to induce a negative affective state, on sheep health through their response to vaccin...
L’abattage démarre dès la préparation de l’animal en élevage pour le départ à l’abattoir et s’achève avec la mort de l’animal. C’est une période complexe : au cours des différentes étapes de l’abattage, des sources de stress d’origine physique, émotionnelle, sociale et cognitive interviennent. Alors que celles d’origine physique sont bien connues,...
It has long been known that stress during the slaughter period may result in the production of meat with major quality defects,particularly exudative and dark-cutting meat. Recent studies using behavioural, physiological and/or genomic approaches found thatless extreme stress levels during slaughter may also influence technological and/or sensory q...
Dans le contexte de l’abattage, sauf dérogation, la saignée des
animaux est précédée d’une étape d’étourdissement. La technique
majoritairement employée en France pour étourdir les poulets est
l’immersion dans un bain d’eau électrifiée. Selon les paramètres
électriques employés, l’efficacité de cette étape et la prévalence des
défauts de prése...
Cette seconde revue présente les principaux indicateurs de conscience et d’inconscience utilisables en abattoir. Ils évaluent différents aspects de l’état de fonctionnement du cerveau, mais seulement indirectement. Par conséquent, il est nécessaire d’en vérifier plusieurs co ncomitamment. On conclut à un état d’inconscience lorsque les signes de co...
Cette revue (qui sera suivie par un second article) présente les mécanismes neurobiologiques impliqués lors de l’étourdissement et la mise à mort des animaux en abattoir. Lorsqu’un étourdissement précède la saignée, les mécanismes impliqués dans la perte de conscience varient selon les techniques utilisées : étourdissement mécanique, électrique ou...
It has long been known that stress during the slaughter period may result in the production of meat with major quality defects, particularly exudative and dark-cutting meat. Recent studies using behavioural, physiological and/or genomic approaches found that less extreme stress levels during slaughter may also influence technological and/or sensory...
Cette étude vise à évaluer l’impact de la hauteur des caisses et de la densité des chevreaux sur leur stress lors du transport. Trois types de caisses ont été utilisées : T37-5 (Longueur = 93 cm, largeur = 54, Hauteur = 37), T42-5 (L 110, l 57 H 42), T65-6 (L 110, l 57, H 65). Dans les cages les plus hautes, il y avait soit 5 chevreaux (T65-5), soi...
L'évaluation du bien-être des animaux d'élevage nécessite une bonne compréhension des expériencesaffectives des animaux, y compris de leurs émotions. Néanmoins, les émotions ne peuvent être inférées chezles animaux qu’à partir des réactions comportementales et physiologiques étant donné l’absence de langageverbal. De plus ce sont des réactions tran...
Le bien-être animal est une préoccupation sociétale forte et les animaux de ferme sont reconnus comme étant des êtres sensibles capables de ressentir des émotions. Cependant, les relations entre émotions, réactions affectives transitoires, et bien-être, état affectif persistant, sont mal connues. En outre, malgré des tentatives d’enrichissement du...
Between-farm variation in animal reactions to humans can reflect different management styles and behavioral tendencies among farmers. Animals are well-known to discriminate among humans, but less clear is the key issue of whether they more or less easily generalize their experience from specific humans to others depending on management style. Here,...
Session : Bases biologiques de la qualité et génétique/génomique
Numerous studies have investigated the emotional effects of various acute, potentially alarming events in animals, but little is known about how an accumulation of emotional experiences affects fearfulness. Fearfulness is a temperament trait that characterizes the propensity of an individual to be frightened by a variety of alarming events. The aim...
Recent studies emphasize the role of interactions between emotions and judgment of environment to better assess affective state in animals. Diazepam offers a way to pharmacologically manipulate the affective state. This drug is generally used to reduce negative affective states, mainly by reducing fearfulness. Here we investigated whether a reducti...
During slaughter, cattle may be exposed to many potentially stress-inducing factors, of emotional and physical nature. A series of studies aimed to identify factors that may contribute to slaughter stress. During reactivity tests testing emotional stressors, Blond d'Aquitaine bulls were more reactive than Angus and Limousin bulls. However, no breed...
Que ce soit pour des problèmes liés à la qualité de la viande et/ou
des raisons éthiques, il est impératif de réduire le stress des animaux
associé à la période d’abattage. Pour cela, il est indispensable de
mieux comprendre l’origine de ce stress. Une approche innovante
consiste à appréhender scientifiquement le point de vue de l’animal.
Diff...
The present study evaluated whether feed deprivation can increase reactivity to stressful events, such as those that can occur at slaughter. Therefore, effects of 30 h of feed deprivation on behavior, including reactions to psychological stressors, and physiological status in cattle were determined. Sixteen Holstein cows (Exp. 1) and 32 Holstein he...
Behavioural, physiological and metabolic reactions of cattle to handling and slaughter procedures were evaluated in a commercial abattoir, from arrival until slaughter. Different genders or breeds were not subjected to the same procedures due to abattoir equipment or organisational aspects of the abattoir. Reactions to similar slaughter procedures...
La présente étude traite des réactions des bovins aux procédures d'abattage d'un abattoir industriel français, depuis l'arrivée des animaux jusqu'à leur abattage. Elle met en évidence des relations directes entre le fonctionnement de l'abattoir, les caractéristiques des bovins et leurs réactions de stress, y compris leur métabolisme post-mortem. Ce...
The effects of permanent or random exposure to stray voltage on a water trough were evaluated in growing–finishing Romane male lambs between the age of 13 and 19 weeks. Ninety lambs were assigned during two 6-week experimental periods to one of three treatments, with 30 animals in each treatment (15 per experimental period). The treatments were per...
The present study on 32 Normand cows evaluated whether it is possible to identify, during rearing, individuals likely to be relatively reactive to the slaughter procedure. It evaluated further which factors may contribute to stress during the pre-slaughter period. Behavioural and physiological reactivity of the cows was evaluated during rearing in...
The slaughter period is very complex and may represent different types of stress for the animal. The way and extent animals react to these stress factors depend on their individual emotional reactivity. The objective of the present study was to determine in sheep relationships between reactivity profiles measured during rearing, plasma cortisol lev...
Although the effect of the quality of dental state on the quality of chewing has been studied extensively, almost nothing is known about the repercussions of emotional states on masticatory muscles activity observed during chewing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of positive and negative emotional states on the electromyogra...
The present paper describes the main procedures used to slaughter fowl, pigs, calves and adult cattle, sheep, and farmed fish, starting on the farm and ending with the death of the animal at the abattoir. It reviews the currently known causes of stress, indicated by behavioural and physiological measurements on the animal level, and by post-mortem...
The Girk2(Wv) (weaver) phenotype, caused by a mutated inward rectifying potassium channel, is characterized by degeneration of cerebellar granule cell population as well as midbrain dopamine-containing cells of the nigrostriatal pathway. To investigate the regional brain metabolic consequences of this combined pathology, cytochrome oxidase (CO) act...
Iron-deficient young women who are at risk of anaemia should be advised to eat red meat, a good food source of iron. However, red meat is known to elicit negative attitudes among young women, which could lead to low meat consumption. Several factors can contribute to meat attitudes. We therefore hypothesised that a good predictor of attitudes towar...
Eating behaviour depends partly on food preference, which is itself determined by different types of emotions. Among the emotions generated by food, disgust with red meat is common in women and can lead to reduced meat consumption. We tested the hypothesis that low meat intake is related to different negative emotions towards meat but does not affe...
A comparative scanning electron microscopical study of the antennal plate organs in representatives of the Meenoplidae and Kinnaridae (Hemiptera : Fulgoromorpha) reveals that they belong to the star-shaped plate type, already known in Achilixiidae. Some anatomical data are also given for Cixiidae, Delphacidae and Fulgoridae. According to other auth...
The staggerer mutation is characterized by the disruption of a single recessive gene encoding for the nuclear hormone receptor RORalpha. In addition to the well-studied gene expression in the cerebellum causing massive primary Purkinje cell loss, the RORalpha gene is also expressed in the thalamus and the olfactory bulb. A quantitative histochemica...
A mutant mouse with cerebellar cortical atrophy, staggerer, was examined in tests of motor activity and co-ordination as well as in regional brain metabolism as assessed by cytochrome oxidase activity. Compared with non-ataxic controls, staggerer mutants had inferior performances in the open field, the wooden beam, the wooden edge, and the rotorod...
Generally, staggerer male mice do not express any preference between oestrous and anoestrous female odours in a choice test situation. The staggerer ability to discriminate between these olfactory sexual cues was evaluated in an habituation-dishabituation paradigm. In this situation it was found that the staggerer mice discriminate between these tw...
Staggerer mutant mice were compared to non-mutant mice in two olfactory learning tasks. It was found that, in spite of a delayed acquisition compared to non-mutants, staggerer mice were able to learn an olfactory habituation task. On the other hand, staggerer presented deficits in an associative olfactory task and, contrary to non-mutants, did not...
To address the hypothesis that reproductive deficits in male house mice expressing the staggerer mutation are due to chemosensory deficits, we examined behavioral responses to odorants. Two-choice tests (butanol or vanillin vs. amyl acetate odors) were used to determine behavioral thresholds for butanol, an aversive odor, and for vanillin, an attra...
