Venkatesan Sangareddi

• MD ,DM
• Professor at Madras Medical College

Background Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is the third most common cause of vascular death. Data on APE from India and other low-and middle-income countries is sparse. Objectives Study the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, in-hospital mortality (IMH) and 12 months mortality of patients with APE in India. Methods We prospectively enrol...

Objectives: Patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) without standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs; dyslipidaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking) are reported to have a worse clinical outcome compared to those with SMuRFs. However, robust prospective data and low-and middle-income country perspective...

Background Acute Pulmonary embolism the third most common cause of cardiovascular death in the world. Despite the large burden of acute pulmonary embolism, there is a paucity of prospective data from low-and middle-income countries. Purpose To study the clinical characteristics, treatment strategies employed, in-hospital outcome, one-year follow u...

Introduction: In an Electrocardiogram (ECG), QT Interval (QTI) has gained a major role as an indicator; its prolongation leads to ventricular arrhythmias. QTI varies with RR Interval (RRI) as the Heart Rate (HR) changes which motivate to measure corrected QT (QTc) interval for different HR. Objective: To develop a new QTc formula optimal for differ...

Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare neoplasm characterized by histologically benign-looking smooth muscle cell tumor mass which grows within the intrauterine and extrauterine venous system. In this report, we present an unusual case of IVL which had originated from uterus and extended throughout the right cardiac chambers. A 36-year-old fema...

BACKGROUND:Treadmill testing is the most widely used method for evaluating patients with coronary artery disease. Predicting the left main coronary artery disease (LMCA) before invasive procedure is important in risk assessment because of its grave clinical outcome. Lead aVR can be very useful in identifying LMCAobstruction. It is also valuable lea...

Objective: This study aims to characterize P and Ta wave of Modified Limb Lead (MLL) Electrocardiogram (ECG) in Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR) and Atrioventricular Block (AVB). Methods: ECGs were recorded using MLL configuration from 100 NSR volunteers (mean age 31 years, 35 women) and 20 male AVB patients (mean age 72 years). Amplitudes and durations o...

Background Bedside ultrasonography is a promising noninvasive and rapid technique to assess body fluid status. Early detection of hypovolemia and hypervolemia is crucial to guide management in critically ill patients. There is a considerable demographic variability in the normal range of inferior vena cava dimensions as seen in numerous studies and...

Thromboembolic complications are very common in patients with severe LV dysfunction. The commonest site of thrombus in these patients is the mural endocardium and the left atrium. The thrombus in the left atrium is due to a derangement of left atrial function and altered LA flow dynamics which can be determined by ECHO

Background In patients with mitral stenosis (MS), right ventricular (RV) function may be altered due to an increase in the left atrial pressure and/or changes in pulmonary arteriolar vasculature or may be affected by rheumatic process directly. Aims In this study we have evaluated the recovery of RV function upto 3 months in patients undergoing mi...

Introduction: PBMV has become the procedure of choice for mitral stenosis with suitable valve apparatus. Mitral valve apparatus is related to body surface area and it varies with racial origin. We studied the clinical profile and BSA indexed MVA of patients undergoing PBMV in our institute. Materials & Methods: This was a retrospective study consis...

Background Aortic root dimension varies on the basis of age, body surface area, ethnicity, and in pathological states such as bicuspid aortic valve and connective tissue disorders. Aim This observational study has been done to determine aortic root dimension in normal Indian population. In this study, aortic root dimensions were measured by two-di...

While syphilis and pulmonary embolism are well known with the eponym of “The Great Masquerader,” atrial myxoma should also be given the eponym due to its variable presentations and frequent misdiagnosis. Myxoma is the most common primary tumor of the adult heart, which is silent and is discovered incidentally. We would like to present three consecu...

Acute thromboembolism resulting in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction years after aortic valve replacement (AVR) is an uncommon occurrence. 38 years old female admitted with chest pain of 8 hours duration. Patient had history of Aortic valve replacement 3 years. Patient on evaluation found to have infero-lateral wall myocardial infarction....

Introduction: Atrial Septal Defect by virtue of its left to right shunt induces geometric and electrical remodeling of the right sided chambers of the heart which produces prototypical changes in the Electrocardiogram. Various patterns produced by ASD in the ECG can give a clue in diagnosing the defect. Reversal of remodeling after the shunt closu...

Rarely, rheumatic heart disease (RHD) involves all the four valves and causes could be rheumatic, congenital, infective, or degenerative. Here, we report a case of a 42-year-old female known case RHD for 30 years and underwent closed mitral commissurotomy 25 years back presented with progressive exertional dyspnea for the past 1 year. On clinical e...

Prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT) is a rare but dreadful complication of mechanical prosthetic valves. Even though mechanical valves in pulmonary position are rarely implanted, obstruction by thrombosis warrants rapid diagnostic assessment and treatment. Transthoracic echocardiography plays an important role than transesophageal echocardiography be...

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is usually diagnosed in childhood. In adults, it is less often diagnosed due to spontaneous closure of some VSD's during the early years of childhood. Perimembranous VSD is a defect seen in the upper part of the septum and near the valves occurring in nearly 75% of patients. Although spontaneous closure has been repo...

An 18-year-old female presented with complaints of breathlessness on exertion for the past 6 months. Systemic examination was normal. Echocardiography showed a large hyperechoic well-defined right atrial mass occupying the entire right atrium and extending up to tricuspid valve. Mild pericardial effusion was noted. Visualized portions of pulmonary...

Quadricuspid pulmonary valve (QPV) is a rare congenital cardiac malformation which is notable for its asymptomatic behavior. With only a few hundred cases reported in literature, its clinical significance is not exactly known, although many authors have placed its implications on the Ross procedure. We report a case of QPV which was detected on rou...

Objective: Modified Limb Lead (MLL) ECG system may be used during rest or exercise ECG, or atrial activity enhancement. Because of modification in the limb electrode placement, changes are likely to happen in ECG wave amplitudes and frontal plane axis, which may alter the clinical limits of normality and ECG diagnostic criteria. The present study...

Introduction The occurrence of right heart thrombus (RiHT) in pulmonary embolism (PE) carries poor prognosis. Type A Thrombi are serpiginous, highly mobile with high mortality. Type B Thrombi are less mobile and have better prognosis. Type C is intermediate in all characteristics. Methods This is an observational study done in patients presenting...

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life threatening infection of cardiac valves leading to high mortality, if it is not recognized earlier and promptly treated. Usually, IE affects single cardiac valve. Angry looking vegetations at multiple sites and vegetations invading the papillary muscles are rare. Such involvement is associated with even higher...

Left ventricular (LV) diverticulum is defined as a protrusion of the free wall of the ventricle, including endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. It is classified into fibrous and muscular types. Most of the patients are asymptomatic. It is mainly diagnosed by echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ventriculography. Surgery is the tre...

Dynamic left ventricular outflow (LVOT) obstruction has been classically described in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The hypertrophy of the basal septum and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve leaflet (SAM) cause dynamic LVOT obstruction. In addition, HCM also shows speckled appearance of myocardium and LVOT obstruction i...

Right-sided valve endocarditis is usually uncommon. Pulmonary valve endocarditis with septic emboli as the complication of a rare congenital heart disease is even unusual. Herein, we report a case of a 27-year-old male congenital cyanotic heart disease with pulmonary valve endocarditis presenting with 5 days history of fever and headache. Echocardi...

Background: The interaction between the PTa and PP interval dynamics from the surface ECG is seldom explained. Mathematical modeling of these intervals is of interest in finding the relationship between the heart rate and repolarization variability. Objective: The goal of this paper is to assess the Bounded Input Bounded Output (BIBO) stability in...

In the present study, a modified limb lead (MLL) system was used to record the Ta wave in sinus rhythm and with AV block in male patients. Eighty male subjects (mean age 36±7 years) in sinus rhythm and 20 male patients with AV block (mean age 72±5 years) were included in this study. Standard limb lead (SLL) ECGs and MLL ECGs were recorded for 60 se...

Bee stings are commonly encountered worldwide. Various manifestations after bee sting have been described. Local reactions are common. Unusually, manifestations like vomiting, diarrhoea, dyspnoea, generalised oedema, acute renal failure, hypotension and collapse may occur. Rarely vasculitis, serum sickness, neuritis and encephalitis have been descr...

Objective: The present study was designed to derive the normal limits of a new ECG lead system aimed at enhancing the amplitude of atrial potentials through the use of bipolar chest leads. Methods: Sixty healthy male subjects, mean age 38.85±8.76 years (range 25 to 58 years) were included in this study. In addition to a standard 12-lead ECG, a m...