Veena Raj

• PhD
• Lecturer at Universiti Brunei Darussalam

In the present work, heteroanionic (carbon-based) catalyst, lanthanum titanium oxycarbide (LaTiO2.5C0.5- LaTiOC) has been synthesized via solid-state reaction with the intention of replacing titanium oxycarbide (TiOC- TiO0.5C0.5) owing to its quick recombination of photogenerated charge carriers and limited responsiveness to visible light (VL) in p...

The combination of doped BaCeO3 and BaZrO3, modified by doping with Sr, Y, and Zn, was studied as a series of Ba1-xSrxCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.15Zn0.05O3−δ (BSCZYZn), with changing compositions of x = 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a rightward shift in peaks, attributed to changes in the unit cell volume. For all compositions, the c...

Perovskite-type polycrystalline proton-conducting BaCe0.5Zr0.3Y0.1A0.05Zn0.05O3-δ (A = Gd, Sm) has been synthesized using a solid-state reaction method for the application in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC). These materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermograv...

In this study, a new type of oxycarbide-based compounds, namely lanthanum titanium oxycarbide and neodymium titanium oxycarbide, were synthesized through solid-state reaction to replace titanium oxycarbide due to its rapid charge carrier recombination and limited responsiveness to visible light (VL) in photocatalysis. The structural, morphological,...

Lithium-ion batteries still remain a cornerstone for the sustainable transportation by the way of its usage in electric vehicles (EVs). However, their optimal performance hinges on maintaining at consistent thermal conditions especially during operation, and at high discharge rates. The present study proposes a novel mini-channel cooling system spe...

In this paper, we analyze and compare the performance of six different solar PV technologies in tropical environments, using three years of performance data from a 1.2 MW experimental solar facility. The technologies considered include single-crystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, copper indium se...

The primary causes of vision loss are disorders of the retina, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). The ability to segment blood vessels in retinal images is crucial for the early detection of eye disorders. The geometric characteristics of the ocular arteries can be used to distinguish between various ocular illnesses symptoms. However, segmenting t...

To achieve efficient cooling capabilities in electric vehicle (EV) batteries, battery thermal management systems with higher power density have garnered significant attention. This work introduces a novel computational analysis method to assess the temperature distribution within the designed multiple EV battery cooling module's, investigating the...

The transportation sector is one among the key sources of greenhouse emissions (GHGs) leading to climate change and global warming. Energy transition through electrified transportation is one of the solutions to tackle the issues. Electric vehicles (EVs) offer significant environmental and economic advantages against the conventional internal combu...

Solid oxide fuel cells with protonic ion conducting electrolytes (H-SOFCs) are recognized and anticipated as eco-friendly electrochemical devices fueled with several kinds of fuels. One distinct feature of SOFCs that makes them different from others is fuel flexibility. Ammonia is a colorless gas with a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with a dist...

The daily energy demand in public buildings has been on the rise, partly due to the intensive use of building energy-comfort technologies. Hot water production, space heating and air-conditioning are the major consumers of energy in public buildings; if their energy demand can be addressed holistically through the integration of solar collectors wi...

Abstract The gamut of geothermal energy research encompasses the studies aimed at harnessing the abundant and inexhaustible thermal energy within the Earth, and it ranges from heat transfer to the activity of thermophilic microorganisms, 3D printing, and additive manufacturing and impacts the NET ZERO endeavour of humanity. In this paper, computat...

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have played a significant role in various applications, such as powering electronics and electric vehicles. However, due to the rising cost of lithium and its limited availability in the earth's crust arises, doubts whether the LIBs only have the capability to meet the increasing energy demand in the transportation sect...

Microgrids are energy systems that can operate independently or in conjunction with the main electricity grid. Their purpose is to link different energy sources, enhance customer participation in energy markets, and improve energy system efficiency and flexibility. However, regulatory, technical, and financial obstacles hinder their deployment. To...

In this paper, a two-input, single-output (TISO) DC-DC converter for electric vehicle charging applications with solar photovoltaic (PV) as one of the sources is discussed. A novel, simple, and effective control strategy with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to maximize power from PV while maintaining a constant bus voltage is proposed. A 100 V,...

Nanocomposites of bismuth ferrite-tungsten trioxide (BiFeO3-WO3) were synthesized from sol–gel reaction followed by processing at two different calcination temperatures, 550°C and 650°C. The calcined composite products were investigated using powder XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, UV–Vis and FTIR to assess the influence of calcination temperature on their struct...

In this paper, ensemble-based machine learning models with gradient boosting machine and random forest are proposed for predicting the power production from six different solar PV systems. The models are based on three year’s performance of a 1.2 MW grid-integrated solar photo-voltaic (PV) power plant. After cleaning the data for errors and outlier...

Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) are one of the promising and emerging technologies for future energy generation. PCFCs are operated at intermediate temperatures (450-750 °C) and exhibit many advantages over traditional high-temperature oxygen-ion conducting solid oxide fuel cells (O-SOFCs) because they are simplified, have a longer life, and ha...

Barking is a form of vocal communication made by dogs. Each type of bark made by dogs has a distinct context. The classification of dog bark pattern will aid in the understanding of barking action. In this study, a machine learning algorithm is used to analyze the pattern of barking from two different dog species: Rajapalayam Hound and Kombai Hound...

The outbreak of the corona virus pandemic has severely disrupted human lives and socioeconomical structures across most nations around the world since December 2019. Researchers around the world are working on finding solutions to overcome or at least control the pandemic. Biometric monitoring and artificial intelligence (AI) offer on-spot sample m...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an effective and efficient solution to manage and analyse data flow in any network. Internet of things (IoT) has quickly attracted significant global attention as an innovative, progressively growing technology. It has shown a rapid and successful involvement in many fields. Thus, IoT applications evolve exorbitantly...

In General, a larger number of experimental data would be required for optimizing the performance efficiency of the electrodes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), as it was likely to involve many complex chemical and physical reactions. Therefore, in this study, we have attempted the artificial intelligence (AI) technique for analyzing the performanc...

The original version of this paper was published with errors. The below listed late errors have been corrected with this erratum.

Human coronaviruses are highly contagious pathogens that cause acute respiratory syndrome in humans. Detailed characterization of the pathogen and appropriate detection techniques are critical for rapid clinical decision making in order to treat the infected individuals and also to prevent further spread of the disease. Recent pandemic caused by SA...

Power developed by the wind turbines, at different wind velocities, is a key information required for the successful design and efficient management of wind energy projects. Conventionally, for these applications, manufacturer’s power curves are used in estimating the velocity–power characteristics of the turbines. However, performance of the turbi...

Performances of eight parametric power curve models for wind turbines, which can be used for the planning and management of wind energy projects, are compared in this study. Initially, the manufacturer's power curves of four wind turbines are compared with their field performances. Then, the parametric models are developed for these turbines which...

With the steady growth in the wind power sector in the past decade and the projected expansions in the future, wind energy plays a significant role in the Global clean energy scenario. When wind turbines operate in clusters as in wind farms, downwind turbines experience wake losses caused by the upwind turbines. For the efficient design and success...

Performances of eight parametric power curve models for wind turbines, which can be used for the planning and management of wind energy projects, are compared in this study. Initially, the manufacturer’s power curves of four wind turbines are compared with their field performances. Then, the parametric models are developed for these turbines which...

The steady growth of the wind power sector, along with various techno-economic and social constraints, has eventually reduced the availability of sites with high wind energy potential. Hence, the future of wind power developments would shift more towards the sites with low to moderate wind spectra. In this study, the performances of some commercial...

Along with the rapid expansion of the MW sized big wind turbine sector, the small wind turbine industry is also growing. Understanding the power response of these systems to the variations in wind velocity is essential for the optimal selection and efficient management of these turbines. This is defined by the power curves of wind turbines. In this...

In a wind farm, where several wind turbines are arranged in rows and columns, the wind speed available for the downstream turbines are significantly reduced by the wake effect. The wake losses can reduce the total productivity of a wind farm up to 20 per cent. Understanding the wake pattern in an existing wind farm is essential for the short-term w...

Being stochastic phenomena, magnitude and direction of wind spectra, available at a site, may vary with time which results in frequent changes in the output from the wind turbines. This frequent fluctuation in the output from the turbines makes the grid integration of wind energy systems rather challenging. Understanding the ramping behaviour of wi...

The most important part of the retina for human vision is fovea. The destruction of delicate cones of fovea causes the person to become blind. The size of fovea zone in fundus eye image is related to various diseases that lead to blindness. Usually a circle of radius 200 micron is approximately the zone of fovea. If the radius is smaller then it ma...