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Long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) is thought to be a key process in cortical synaptic network plasticity and memory formation. Hebbian forms of LTP depend on strong postsynaptic depolarization, which in many models is generated by action potentials that propagate back from the soma into dendrites. However, local dendritic depolarization has bee...
Classic post-mortem studies of neuronal morphology have suggested that under particular physiological and pathological circumstances the physical structure of the adult brain can be altered. Neuronal morphology can change at multiple levels, ranging from the level of individual synapses to large-scale rearrangements of dendritic and axonal trees. T...
Structural synaptic plasticity may underlie experience and learning-dependent changes in cortical circuits. In contrast to excitatory pyramidal neurons, insight into the structural plasticity of inhibitory neurons remains limited. Interneurons are divided into various subclasses, each with specialized functions in cortical circuits. Further knowled...
Input from the sensory organs is required to pattern neurons into topographical maps during development. Dendritic complexity critically determines this patterning process; yet, how signals from the periphery act to control dendritic maturation is unclear. Here, using genetic and surgical manipulations of sensory input in mouse somatosensory thalam...
What if we could unlock the potential of the brain to change at will? Could we then rejuvenate old brains? On page 1352 in this issue, Blundon et al. (1) demonstrate that with a pharmacological intervention, the brain's cortical plasticity in adult mice could be restored to an extent that is normally seen only in juveniles. The findings should spur...
Synaptic activity in the neonatal brain is often locally synchronized. How such clustering comes about is unclear. Winnubst etal. (2015) show that the refinement of synaptic connectivity is driven by the depression of synapses that are asynchronous with their neighbors. Synaptic activity in the neonatal brain is often locally synchronized. How such...
Structural plasticity in the somatosensory cortex is maintained throughout life. In adult animals structural changes occur at the level of dendritic spines and axonal boutons in response to alterations in sensory experience. The causal relationship between synaptic activity and structural changes, however, is not clear. Hebbian-plasticity models pr...
