Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora

Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública | INSP · Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research

Population-based surveys matched by time but using different methodologies for determining hemoglobin (Hb) concentration have shown inconsistencies in estimating anemia prevalence. This study aimed to estimate measurement errors in Hb quantification in HemoCue 201+ using venous blood (VB) and capillary blood both drops (DCB) and pools (PCB), and co...

Background: Population-based surveys matched by time and in the same country, but which use different methodologies for determining hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, have shown inconsistencies in estimating anemia prevalence. This study aims to estimate measurement errors in Hb using the HemoCue 201+ in capillary blood, both in drops and pooled, compa...

Background Scarce epidemiological information on stroke in Mexico impedes evidence-based decisions and debilitates the design of effective prevention programmes at the local level. Methods Ecological and secondary analysis of Global Burden of Disease national and subnational data for Mexico, from 1990 to 2019. We analysed the incidence, prevalence...

Background: Given the projected trends in population ageing and population growth, the number of people with dementia is expected to increase. In addition, strong evidence has emerged supporting the importance of potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia. Characterising the distribution and magnitude of anticipated growth is crucial for publ...

Background Given the projected trends in population ageing and population growth, the number of people with dementia is expected to increase. In addition, strong evidence has emerged supporting the importance of potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia. Characterising the distribution and magnitude of anticipated growth is crucial for publi...

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of diabetes (diagnosed and undiagnosed), glycemic control in Mexico, and its associated factors. Materials and methods: We used data from Ensanut 2018 (n=12 648) and 2020 (n=2 309). We defined diabetes as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl or HbA1c≥6.5% or previously diagnosed; glycemic control was defined as HbA1c<...

Anemia in older adults is a growing public health issue in Mexico; however, its etiology remains largely unknown. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) have been implicated in the development of anemia, though by different mechanisms. The aim of this study is to analyze the etiology of anemia and anemia-related factors in older...

Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a...

Objectives To examine the associations between micronutrient status and child growth, as part of the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Mexico. Methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2018) were analyzed to examine the association between micronutrient status and child growth in 1,656 children 36 to 59 months of ag...

Objectives To examine the burden of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies, and associations between micronutrient status and anemia in children (1–11 y) in Mexico. Methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2018) were analyzed to determine the burden of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies (iron, vitamin B12, vitamin A) i...

Objective. To evaluate vitamin D status and deficiency in Mexican children and related factors, with updated data from a representative national survey. Materials and methods. Data and serum samples of child participants were collected in the Ensanut 2018-19. The measurement 25-(OH)-D was obtained through chemiluminescence. Height and weight, as we...

Objective: To describe the current status of micronutrient deficiencies (MD) and anemia in Mexican children. Materials and methods: Serum data from 1 382 pre-school-age chil-dren (1-4 years) and 3 590 school-age children (5-11 years) Ensanut 2018-19 participants were analyzed. Iron deficiency (ID), vitamin B12 deficiency (B12D), vitamin A deplet...

Objective: To describe trends in zinc deficiency (ZD) prevalence among preschool-age Mexican children, and explore differences in this trend among beneficiaries of the conditional cash transfer program Progresa/Oportunidades/ Prospera (CCT-POP). Materials and methods: The serum zinc information of children aged 1-4 who participa-ted in the ENN 1...

Objective: To compare the prevalence of women 20-49 years of age with iron deficiency anemia (IDA), iron deficiency with no anemia (IDNA), and non-ID anemia (NIDA) in com-parison during 2006, 2012 and 2018, and their association with sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional status. Materials and methods: Ensanut 2006, 2012 and 2018- 19 a...

Background Vitamin A (VA) provides neuroprotection against oxidative stress and brain inflammation. VA deficiency (VAD) increases the risk of neurodegeneration in animal models, but results are inconclusive in humans: particularly in the older adult (OA) population which is at higher risk for micronutrient deficiencies and cognitive impairment. Ob...

Objetivo. Generar un diagnóstico actualizado de las condiciones de salud, síndromes geriátricos y estado nutricional de los adultos mayores mexicanos. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo con una muestra de 9 047 adultos mayores de 60 años o más con representatividad nacional. Se analizaron indicadores relacionados con las condiciones de salud,...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disea...

Objective: To study the behavior of anemia in 2006, 2012 and 2018-19, its severity and associated factors in Mexican women between 20 and 49 years of age. Materials and methods: The Ensanut 2006, 2012 and 2018-19 has a methodological design that allows comparisons between them. Capillary hemoglobin (Hb) classified anemia with Hb values <12dL. Pr...

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of total, diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, and the prevalence of poor glycemic control in Mexico, and its associated factors. Materials and methods: Data from 3 700 adult participants were analysed in the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Diabetes prevalences were estimated with population weights,...

Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre el consumo de suplementos o leche Liconsa y anemia, deficiencias de zinc (DZ) y hierro (DH) y morbilidad en niños mexicanos residentes de localidades menores a 100 000 habitantes. Material y métodos: Se analizó información de 1 516 niños de 1 a 4 años de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición en localidade...

Objective: To analyze the socioeconomic inequalities in health among the population of older adults in Mexico. Materials and methods: Analysis of two national health surveys in Mexico (Ensanut 2012 and Ensanut 100k) in which inequality gradients are estimated for various health and nutrition outcomes of older adults over 60 years, using the Rela...

Background: seizures and their consequences contribute to the burden of epilepsy because they can cause health loss (premature mortality and residual disability). Data on the burden of epilepsy are needed for health-care planning and resource allocation. The aim of this study was to quantify health loss due to epilepsy by age, sex, year, and locati...

Summary Background Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide and the economic costs of treatment and post-stroke care are substantial. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic, comparable method of quantifying health loss by disease, age, sex, year, and location to provide i...

1) Background: Elevated hepcidin levels have been linked to anemia of inflammation (AI). Retinol deficiency has shown to upregulate hepcidin expression in animals, while conflicting evidence links VD status with hepcidin concentration in humans. The purpose of the study is to explore if VA and VD status are associated with hepcidin concentrations i...

Supplement to: GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol 2019; published online March 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30499-X.

Summary Background Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide and the economic costs of treatment and post-stroke care are substantial. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic, comparable method of quantifying health loss by disease, age, sex, year, and location to provide inf...

Background Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide and the economic costs of treatment and post-stroke care are substantial. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic, comparable method of quantifying health loss by disease, age, sex, year, and location to provide information...

Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved method...

Summary Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improv...

Objective: To describe the anemia prevalence among women from 20 to 49 years from 2016-Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut MC 2016) and compare the trends in 2006, 2012 and 2016 surveys, as well as its association with dietary iron and sociodemographic factors. Materials and methods: The methodological design of Ensanut MC is f...

Objective: To describe the prevalence of anemia and con-sumption of iron rich groups among Mexican children and adolescents who participated in the Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2016. Materials and methods: Our study sample included children and adolescents who provided full capillary hemoglobin data. Anemia was defined accord-in...

Background and purpose: Stroke incidence, prevalence and mortality have decreased in high-income countries, while in the last decades there has been an increasing trend in low- to middle-income nations, where ischemic (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) are still major causes of death and disability. The lack of updated epidemiological information of...

Objective: To describe the current status of anemia and iron deficiency (ID), as well as associated sociodemographic characteristics, in older adults (OA). Materials and meth-ods. Serum and capillary blood samples from a sample of OA participants (n=2 902) from the Ensanut 2018-19 were analyzed. ID was defined as s-ferritin<15 μg/L, and anemia was...

Resumen Objective. To describe energy and nutrient intakes and their adequacies in older Mexican adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut) 2006 and 2012. Materials and methods. Dietary information was obtained through a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) from 526 adults 60 y and older participatin...

Background Front-of-pack food labels (FOPL) can help consumers make healthy and informed food choices. FOPL are used in the food market but evaluations of their understanding and acceptability are scanty. This study aimed to explore the subjective understanding and acceptability of four FOPL among Hispanic consumers. MethodsA qualitative study was...

Errata for corrected authorship, affiliations and funding statements.

Anemia is the most common blood disorder. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia (IDA), and IDA is a widespread public health problem globally. IDA affects the physical growth and mental development of young children and increases the perinatal morbidity and mortality of women.

Background: Child and maternal health outcomes have notably improved in Mexico since 1990, whereas rising adult mortality rates defy traditional epidemiological transition models in which decreased death rates occur across all ages. These trends suggest Mexico is experiencing a more complex, dissonant health transition than historically observed....

Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in contex...

Supplementary appendix

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA), is a widespread public health problem, affects the physical growth and mental development of young children and increases the perinatal morbidity and mortality of women. The definition of anemia remains controversial, since different populations suggest their own cut-off value according their characteristics. This arti...

Anemia affects approximately 25% of school-aged children (SAC-aged 5.00-14.99 years) globally. We determined in three countries the prevalence and determinants of anemia in SAC. Data on sociodemographics, inflammation and nutrition status were obtained from the 2006 Mexican National Nutrition Survey, the 2003-6 US National Health and Nutrition Exam...

Background: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity...

Objective: To describe de prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and anemia in a sample of Mexican elderly population from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut) 2012. Materials and methods: 1 920 subjects ≥60 years of age were included. Hemoglobin, serum concentrations of ferritin and CRP were measured. The risk for ID and anemia adjust...

Objective: To describe the frequency of anemia, iron, vitamin B12, folate, retinol and predictors of anemia among Mexican children from Ensanut 2012. Materials and methods: Hemoglobin, ferritin, CRP, vitamin B12, retinol and folate concentrations were measured in 2 678 children aged 1-4 y and 4 275 children aged 5-11 y. Adjusted logistic regress...

Background: Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 18...

Background: Up-to-date evidence on levels and trends for age-sex-specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality is essential for the formation of global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) we estimated yearly deaths for 188 countries between 1990, and 2013. We used the results to assess wh...

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA), is a widespread public health problem, affects the physical growth and mental development of young children and increases the perinatal morbidity and mortality of women. The definition of anemia remains controversial, since different populations suggest their own cut-off value according their characteristics. This arti...

To estimate the short-term (14 months) impact of anemia on mortality among Mexican older adults (OAs). Longitudinal analyses using data from a quasi-experimental study in a non-contributory pension program in Mexico with a sample of 3,621 OAs aged 65 to 74 years. Data on health, nutrition, life conditions, and mortality were gathered at both baseli...

The objective of this work was to present a generic model for estimating fortification contents when several food vehicles are being considered simultaneously. It is based on approximating the magnitude of the nutritional inadequacy of the population (nutrient gap), the optimal use of the combination of food vehicles (fortifiable food energy, FFE),...

Objective: To estimate the effects of physical activity (PA) and obesity on the cumulative incidence of disability on the basic activities of daily living in the elderly. Materials and methods: Longitudinal study. We selected 2477 participants aged 65-74 years from the impact evaluation study of a non-contributory pension program in Mexico. Part...

Objective: To assess dietary diversity (DD) and adequacies of energy and nutrients intake of Mexican children two to four years old according to the level of food insecurity (FI) at household. Materials and methods: Information of 955 Mexican children aged 24-29 months and their households from Ensanut 2012 were included. Dietary data were obtai...

Objective. To assess dietary diversity (DD) and adequacies of energy and nutrients intake of Mexican children two to four years old according to the level of food insecurity (FI) at household. Materials and methods. Information of 955 Mexican children aged 24-29 months and their households from Ensanut 2012 were included. Dietary data were obtained...