Valerie Hudson

Texas A&M University | TAMU · Bush School

The governance of artificial intelligence (AI) decision-making is in its infancy. If a human being holds the foundational rights to know they are interacting with such a system, the right to appeal any decision made by such a system, and the right to litigate harm resulting from a decision undertaken by such a system, then a governance regime must...

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The overwhelming percentage of the perpetrators of terrorism are male: is this noteworthy, or not? We believe that it is. More specifically, we believe there is a complex mix of sex-linked grievance for men, sex-linked training for men, and sex-linked lack of voice for women that facilitates, and may even catalyze, the perpetration of terrorism. Wi...

Approximately seventy-five percent of the world's population lives in countries where asset exchange upon marriage is obligatory. Rising brideprice—money or gifts provided to a woman's family by the groom and his family as part of marriage arrangements—is a common if overlooked catalyst of violent conflict. In patrilineal (and some matrilineal) soc...

In the mid 2000s, South Korea’s sex ratio at birth returned to normal levels after nearly two decades of significant abnormality; at the same time, the sex ratios at birth in Vietnam began a swift and dramatic rise. What accounts for these contrasting trajectories? We first discuss in general terms the drivers of gender inequality and offspring sex...

Until the turn of the twenty-first century, mainstream scholars and professionals in national and international security have not viewed the well-being and security of women as important. Empirical literature has emerged, which demonstrates that this linkage is significant. This article surveys the literature, examining in particular issues of war,...

In this paper we examine the linkage of male-dominant family law systems and levels of nation-state security and stability. We expect such societies to be predisposed to parasitical rent-seeking and inefficiency, combined with coercive conflict resolution, resulting in higher levels of violence within the society. We demonstrate empirically that st...

We propose that the relative influence of clans is an important explanatory factor producing significant variation in state stability and security across societies. We explore the micro-level processes that link clan predominance with dysfunctional syndromes of state behavior. Clans typically privilege agnatic descent from the patriline and are cha...

This chapter examines femicide in Guatemala. By mid-2012, Guatemala had one of the highest femicide rates in the world, which is part of an escalating crisis that has gripped the nation since 2000. Femicide refers specifically to the killing of women by men for no other reason than the victim is a female. It usually involves sexual violence, mutila...

This chapter looks at the plight of Afghan women to evaluate the promise of the Hillary Doctrine. The U.S. invasion of Afghanistan undoubtedly altered the course of Afghan women's lives, opening up new opportunities that could never have existed under the Taliban. To guarantee the protection of Afghan women, the U.S. has supported the Hillary Doctr...

Hillary Rodham Clinton is the first Secretary of State to declare the subjugation of women worldwide a serious threat to U.S. national security. Known as the Hillary Doctrine, her stance was made part of the 2010 Quadrennial Diplomatic and Development Review of U.S. foreign policy, formally committing America to the proposition that the empowerment...

This chapter concludes that the Hillary Doctrine helps create a new standard for analyzing the national interest, one that people would argue is more realistic than previous metrics. What some see as soft and small issues are, in fact, some of the most vital interests facing the U.S. and the international community of nations today. There is a one-...

Background and objective: Consensus nutritional guidelines for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) recommend aggressive treatment of growth failure. Oral reduced glutathione (GSH) has been shown to improve cachexia and case reports have demonstrated improved growth in pediatric patients with CF. No controlled studies using oral GSH in CF have, howe...

Rethinking Foreign Policy Analysis: States, Leaders, and the Microfoundations of Behavioral International Relations. Edited by Stephen G.Walker, AkanMalici, and MarkSchafer. New York: Routledge, 2010. 336p. $150.00 cloth, $47.95 paper. - Volume 11 Issue 1 - Valerie M. Hudson

Sexual Violence and Armed Conflict. By Janie L.Leatherman. Malden, MA: Polity Press. 2011. 182 pp. $19.95. - Volume 8 Issue 4 - Valerie Hudson

In this chapter we examine the theoretical linkage between the security of women and the security of states, drawing insights from evolutionary biology and psychology, political sociology, and psychology. A feminist evolutionary approach demonstrates the way in which male reproductive interests can and often do lead to strategies of sexual coercion...

“Family law” is the term applied to the legal regulation of marriage and parenthood within a society, and may serve to express a society's accepted ideals concerning male–female relations. Adopting a feminist evolutionary analytic (FEA) approach, we hypothesize that nation-states with higher degrees of inequity in family law favoring men, codifying...

This essay expresses my gratitude for the spirit of inclusiveness shown by the first generation of Feminist Security Studies (FSS) scholars. I would like to see FSS remain a large tent, for in constructing boundaries for FSS, we may unintentionally make it smaller than it really is. Indeed, I would like to explore the value of inclusiveness to FSS...

Should departments be hiring the "best minds," or is there reason to argue that we do poorer social science when that endeavor is not mixed? This paper questions the operationalization of “best minds,” argues that there is an ontological irreducibility between the two sexes rendering notions of substitutability gravely suspect, offers examples of p...

Theoretical insights from evolutionary psychology and biology can help academics and policymakers better understand both deep and proximate causes of Islamic suicide terrorism. The life sciences can contribute explanations that probe the influence of the following forces on the phenomenon of Islamic suicide terrorism: high levels of gender differen...

In their article, "Sex and the Shaheed: Insights from the Life Sciences on Islamic Suicide Terrorism," Bradley Thayer and Valerie Hudson argue that in a resource-scarce ecological environment, biological imperatives drive suicide terrorism. In this Darwinian environment, alpha males compete over water, land, and access to mates (p. 43). Non-alpha m...

Is there a relationship between how men think of women, and how male dominated collectives treat other human collectives? In the last several years, new empirical findings have emerged to buttress the proposition that such a relationship obtains. Marshall and Ramsey (1999) find a relationship between gender empow erment and state willingness to use...

This article describes the WomanStats Project Database — a multidisciplinary creation of a central repository for cross-national data and information on women available for use by academics, policy-makers, journalists, and all others. WomanStats is freely accessible online, thus facilitating worldwide scholarship on issues with gendered aspects. Wo...

For the past several years we have been developing and exploring applications of a customized pattern recognition tool for the study of sequences of political events, largely focusing on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Our efforts to date have been largely developmental and descriptive: we have firmly established that there are regular event patter...

Does the security of women influence the security and behavior of states? Existing evidence linking the situation of women to state-level variables such as economic prosperity and growth, health, and corruption is fairly conclusive. Questions remain, however, concerning the degree to which state security and state security-related behavior is linke...

CFTR mutation, which causes cystic fibrosis (CF), has also recently been identified as causing glutathione system dysfunction and systemic deficiency of reduced glutathione (GSH). Such dysfunction and deficiency regarding GSH may contribute to the pathophysiology of CF. We followed 13 patients (age range 1-27 years) with cystic fibrosis who were us...

Existing formal models of political behavior have followed the lead of the natural sciences and generally focused on methods that use contin-uous-variable mathematics. In 2002, Stephen Wolfram produced an extended critique of that approach in the natural sciences, and sug-gested that a great deal of natural behavior can be accounted for using rules...

Existing formal models of political behavior have followed the lead of the natural sciences and generally focused on methods that use continuous-variable mathematics. Stephen Wolfram has recently produced an extended critique of that approach in the natural sciences, and suggested that a great deal of natural behavior can be accounted for using rul...

Examining the history, conceptual breadth, and recent trends in the study of foreign policy analysis, it is clear that this subfield provides what may be the best conceptual connection to the empirical ground upon which all international relations (IR) theory is based. Foreign policy analysis is characterized by an actor-specific focus, based upon...

To assess the impact of inhaled, buffered reduced glutathione (GSH) on clinical indicators of cystic fibrosis (CF) pathophysiology. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted over an 8-week period. Nineteen subjects, age 6 to 19 years, with CF status documented by positive sweat chloride test results (> 60 mEq/L) were...

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) should no longer be viewed primarily as a ‘chloride channel’ but recognized as a channel that also controls the efflux of other physiologically important anions, such as glutathione (GSH) and bicarbonate. More effective approaches to cystic fibrosis treatment may result from this reconceptualizatio...

"Security demographics" has become a new subfield of Security Studies in recent years, as scholars have begun to envision the security implications of long-term demographic change. This subfield provides important new insight into the problem of population, social stability and conflict, but our research suggests that an additional demographic fact...

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) should no longer be viewed primarily as a 'chloride channel' but recognized as a channel that also controls the efflux of other physiologically important anions, such as glutathione (GSH) and bicarbonate. More effective approaches to cystic fibrosis treatment may result from this reconceptualizatio...

The literature on international relations frequently refers to culture in broad, macro-level ways to explain what cannot be explained by economic or military power. The assumptions that culture is simple, uniform and the opposite of power are, in the view of the authors, erroneous. Also, the authors note that there is a lack of scholarly interactio...

International Security 26.4 (2002) 5-38 International security and stability rest in large measure on the internal security of nations. Analysts have long examined factors such as arms transfers and ethnic violence in this regard, but the list now includes variables that were not traditionally viewed as related to national security. Unemployment ra...

Foreign Policy Decision-Making, edited by Richard Snyder, H. W. Bruck, and Burton Sapin 40 years ago, is one of the foundational works of the subfield of Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) in the field of International Relations (IR). As is the case with any revolutionary vision, it has taken a great deal of time—in this case, over four decades—for thos...

Though the cause of cystic fibrosis (CF) pathology is understood to be the mutation of the CFTR protein, it has been difficult to trace the exact mechanisms by which the pathology arises and progresses from the mutation. Recent research findings have noted that the CFTR channel is not only permeant to chloride anions, but other, larger organic anio...

One useful conceptualization of culture is that of a preestablished set of behavioral competencies, which in turn form behavioral dispositions. According to this variant of culture theory, decision-makers faced with new situations will rely on established behavioral competencies in forming an initial policy response. This assumption can also be app...

The catalytic shock of the end of the Cold War and the apparent inability of international relations (IR) theory to predict this profound change have raised questions about how we should go about understanding the world of today. Our inherited tools and ways of describing the international arena seem not to work as well as they once did. To explain...

Frustrated in his desire for a military career, Homer Lea, an eccentric but brilliant American military strategist at the beginning of this century, organized and commanded the Chinese Imperial Reform Army, a sizable and well-funded expatriate movement based in the United States.1 Very little remains in the historical record about this episode, yet...

A fundamental realignment in the world's strategic relationships is now becoming apparent. The result will be that the long familiar North-North axis of world power, will give way and possibly even lose primacy to a new competing global core area whose axis is more North-South in orientation. In this new world order the old Atlantic links will cont...

Do the personal characteristics and foreign policy behavior of world leaders correlate with their birth order? The literature of birth order theory suggests that they should. An exploratory empirical analysis of 46 world leaders as to their personal political characteristics, foreign policy orientations, and foreign policy behavior is performed in...

Hudson, V. M., Hermann, C. F., Singer, E. The Situational Imperative: A Predictive Model of Foreign Policy Behavior. Cooperation and Conflict, XXIV, 1989, 117-139. Foreign policy behaviors, defined in terms of the intensity of affect and commitment an actor conveys to external recipients using various instruments of statecraft, are explained in ter...

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Abstract will be provided by author.