Valérie Chetboul

École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort | ENVA · Unité de cardiologie

Background: In a previous study, telmisartan suppressed aldosterone secretion in healthy cats but not in cats with primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA). Hypotheses: Telmisartan suppresses aldosterone secretion in middle-aged healthy cat and cats with diseases that may result in secondary hyperaldosteronism, but not in those with PHA. Animals: Thir...

Introduction Ventricular outflow tract obstructions including aortic (AS) and pulmonic stenosis (PS) are the most common canine congenital heart diseases, with Boxer dogs being predominantly affected. This has led to the French Boxer club adopting a mandatory national control program against AS and PS. The objective of this retrospective study was...

Serum triglyceride concentrations increase in dogs in overweight condition, which is typically assessed by body condition score (BCS). However, their associations with other markers of energy homeostasis are poorly characterized. The present study aimed to evaluate the associations between both BCS and triglyceride levels and other markers of lipid...

Background: There is a lack of clinical data on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in dogs. Hypothesis/objectives: To investigate signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic findings, and survival in dogs with HCM. Animals: Sixty-eight client-owned dogs. Methods: Retrospective multicenter study. Medical records were searched between 2003 and 2015....

Introduction Cardiovascular diseases have been identified as a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Borneo orangutans ( Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus ). Transthoracic echocardiography is usually performed under anesthesia in great apes, which may be stressful and increase risks of peri-anesthetic complications in case of cardiac alteration. The aim...

OBJECTIVE To document RBC abnormalities in dogs with congenital ventricular outflow tract obstruction. ANIMALS 62 dogs with pulmonic stenosis (PS) or aortic stenosis (AS) and 20 control dogs were recruited. PROCEDURES The proportions of RBCs that were schistocytes, acanthocytes, and keratocytes were assessed. Complete blood cell counts were perfo...

Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy is associated with progressive deterioration in left ventricular (LV) function. The golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dog model recapitulates the pathology and clinical manifestations of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Importantly, they develop progressive LV dysfunction starting at early age. Objective...

This report provides the first clinical, radiographic, echocardiographic, and biological description of SARS-CoV-2-associated myocarditis with a 6-month follow-up in a 5-year-old obese male domestic shorthair cat (Cat-1) presented for refractory congestive heart failure, with high cardiac troponin-I level (5.24 ng/ml), and a large lingual ulcer. Th...

Introduction Cardiovascular diseases have been identified as a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Borneo orangutans ( Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus ). Transthoracic echocardiography is usually performed under anesthesia in great apes, which may be stressful and risky in cardiac animals. The aim of the present pilot study was hence to develop a qui...

Background: In dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF), the efficacy of torasemide, a loop diuretic, has been demonstrated. However, unlike in dogs and humans little has been described about the use of torasemide in the cat with spontaneous CHF. The objectives of this retrospective study were therefore to describe the therapeutic use of oral tora...

This report describes five cases of double outlet right ventricle (DORV) in four dogs (3 to 18 months old; two males and two females) and a domestic shorthair cat (6-month-old, female) presented with various clinical signs including tachypnea (n=5), exercise intolerance (n=5), mucous cyanosis (n=3), delayed growth (n=2) and/or lethargy (n=2). The r...

The diagnosis of canine and feline heart diseases as well as that of heart failure is predominantly based on thoracic radiography associated with standard transthoracic echocardiography, also called conventional echocardiography. This chapter provides an overview of these imaging techniques and their application in clinical settings, with particula...

The domestic dog represents an ideal model for identifying susceptibility genes, many of which are shared with humans. In this study, we investigated the genetic contribution to individual differences in 40 clinically important measurements by a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a multinational cohort of 472 healthy dogs from eight breeds. Me...

Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of myocardial disorders of mostly unknown etiology, and they occur commonly in cats. In some cats, they are well‐tolerated and are associated with normal life expectancy, but in other cats they can result in congestive heart failure, arterial thromboembolism or sudden death. Cardiomyopathy classification i...

Introduction/Objectives Ebstein’s anomaly (EA) is a congenital heart disease characterized by apical displacement of the tricuspid valve leaflets in the right ventricle. The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the signalment, clinical features, echocardiographic findings, and outcome of dogs with EA. Animals, Materials and Met...

Reptiles can suffer from infectious and noninfectious cardiac pathologies, requiring the need for standardized diagnostic approaches and reference intervals. Despite the popularity of ball pythons (Python regius) as pets, echocardiographic measurements are unknown in this species. Twenty healthy adult ball pythons were evaluated to identify imaging...

Background: Epidemiologic knowledge regarding noncardiovascular and all-cause mortality in apparently healthy cats (AH) and cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (pHCM) is limited, hindering development of evidence-based healthcare guidelines. Objectives: To characterize/compare incidence rates, risk, and survival associated with non...

Transcatheter pulmonary valve (TPV) implantation is a therapeutic approach approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for human patients with failing pulmonary conduits in 2010 and for failing bioprosthetic surgical pulmonary valves in 2017. We report here the first successful transcatheter implantation of a stented valve in a pulmo...

Background: Heart disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cats, but there is limited evidence of the benefit of any medication. Hypothesis: The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril would delay the time to treatment failure in cats with heart disease of various etiologies. Animals: One hundred fifty-one client-...

Valvular heart diseases involving pulmonic, atrioventricular (AV), or sinoatrial valves were sporadically reported in snakes. When endocarditis was suspected, the underlying cause was difficult to formally establish in these species. AV insufficiency and stenosis were diagnosed in a 2-year-old jungle carpet python (Morelia spilota cheynei) with car...

Background Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a common primary cardiomyopathy of cats. However, little information is available regarding prognostic variables in large populations of cats with RCM. Objectives To characterize the epidemiological, clinical, and echocardiographic features of cats with RCM and to document their survival times and ris...

Background Markers of lipid and glucose metabolism are used in both clinical practice and research. Detection of abnormal laboratory results often relies on species‐specific reference intervals, but interbreed variation can also affect data interpretation. Objectives The purpose of the present study was to compare concentrations of selected bioche...

Introduction The objectives of this study were to characterize the epidemiological, clinical, and echocardiographic features of French bulldogs (FBs) with congenital pulmonic stenosis and document their survival times and risk factors for cardiac death (CD). Animals This study included 66 FBs with congenital pulmonic stenosis. Methods Prospective...

Transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using an Amplatz® Canine Duct Occluder (ACDO) is routinely performed in dogs. Pulmonary embolization of the device is a rarely reported complication of this procedure. We report here the first two cases of successful transcatheter retrieval of an embolized ACDO. An 8-month-old, 21-kg, German...

Our aim was (1) to determine the within-day and between-day variability of several indices of systolic and diastolic right ventricular (RV) function using conventional echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) (Study 1), (2) to quantify these variables in a large healthy canine population (n=104) with Doppler-derived estimated sy...

Introduction: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) has several biological functions. In different species, excessive 5-HT has been linked to valvular lesions, similar to those seen in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Previous studies suggest higher 5-HT in healthy Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs), a breed highly affected by myxom...

Introduction: Aortic dissection is characterized by a tear in the aortic wall resulting in blood from the aortic lumen penetrating into the media, which causes dissection. When aortic dissection does not cause rupture, it provokes localized dilation of the aorta or aneurism, also called dissecting aortic aneurism (DAA). This case report describes...

Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most prevalent heart disorder in cats and principal cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Yet, the impact of preclinical disease is unresolved. Hypothesis/Objectives Observational study to characterize cardiovascular morbidity and survival in cats with preclinical nonobstructive (HCM) and ob...

Bradypus variegatus (Xenarthra, Bradypodidae) and Choloepus hoffmanni (Xenarthra, Megalonychidae) are sloths from the tropical rain forest of the Caribbean and Pacific regions of Costa Rica. Because of their unique physiology and behavior, sloths have intrigued scientists, and several studies have already been conducted regarding blood pressure and...

Background: Furosemide is the only loop diuretic recommended by the ACVIM consensus guidelines for treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs related to degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). Torasemide is another potent loop diuretic with a longer half-life and a higher bioavailability. Objectives: (1) To demonstrate that torasemide...

Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is used in humans for percutaneous interventional procedures, such as transcatheter device closures. Intracardiac echocardiography provides high-resolution imaging of cardiac structures with two-dimensional, M-mode, Doppler, and also three-dimensional modalities. The present report describes application of ICE du...

Systemic arterial hypertension (SHT) has been widely described in the domestic cat (Felis catus). In these feline patients, SHT is considered as the most common vascular disorder of middle-aged to older animals, and secondary SHT related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents the most common form of the disease. We describe here the first two c...

Echocardiography is an established and noninvasive diagnostic tool used in herpetologic cardiology. Various cardiac lesions have been previously described in reptiles with the exception of restrictive cardiomyopathy. In this case report, restrictive cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure associated with left atrial and sinus venosus dilation w...

OBJECTIVE To characterize the epidemiological, clinical, and echocardiographic features of dogs and cats with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and determine their survival times. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 15 dogs and 16 cats with a diagnosis of TOF as determined via echocardiography. PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs and cats were reviewe...

Introduction: A 14-year-old neutered male crossbreed dog was presented for weakness, cough and weight loss. Cardiac auscultation revealed tachycardia, arrhythmia and a grade V/VI left apical systolic heart murmur. Thoracic radiographs showed a large homogeneous soft tissue opacity in close contact with the cardiac silhouette in the left craniovent...

Electrocardiography represents a relevant diagnostic tool for detecting cardiac disease in animals. Elephants can present various congenital and acquired cardiovascular diseases. However, few electrophysiologic studies have been reported in captive elephants, mainly due to challenging technical difficulties in obtaining good-quality electrocardiogr...

Background: There are breed differences in several blood variables in healthy dogs. Objective: Investigate breed variation in plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentration, plasma renin activity, and serum cortisol concentration. Animals: Five-hundred and thirty-one healthy dogs of 9 breeds examined at 5 centers (2-4 breeds/center). Methods: Pros...

Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is highly prevalent in cats and is a functional hallmark of feline cardiomyopathy. The majority of cats with hypertrophic, restrictive, and dilated cardiomyopathy have echocardiographic evidence of abnormal LV filling, even during the occult (preclinical) phase. Moderate and severe diastolic dysfunction i...

The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate transthoracic echocardiograms from clinically healthy large felids for the presence of valvular regurgitations (VR). Physiologic VR commonly occur in normal dogs and cats, but the percentage of large felids with VR has not been previously reported. During a 5-yr study period (2008-2013), 28 heal...

Objectives: There is a growing understanding of the complexity of interplay between renal and cardiovascular systems in both health and disease. The medical profession has adopted the term "cardiorenal syndrome" (CRS) to describe the pathophysiological relationship between the kidney and heart in disease. CRS has yet to be formally defined and des...

Objective To report the surgical repair of cor triatriatum sinister (CTS) incorporating heart-beating cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in a cat.Study DesignClinical case report.AnimalFourteen-month-old, 5.9-kg male castrated Maine Coon cat.Materials and Methods The cat had a 3 month history of inappetance, weight loss, and recurrent pulmonary edema. CT...

Objective: To determine the signalment, clinical features, echocardiographic findings, and outcome of dogs and cats with ventricular septal defects (VSDs). Design: Retrospective case series. Animals: 56 dogs and 53 cats with VSDs. Procedures: Medical records of dogs and cats with VSDs diagnosed by means of conventional and Doppler echocardio...

Covering both classical modalities of echocardiography and newer techniques, Clinical Echocardiography of the Dog and Cat shows how to assess, diagnose, and treat canine and feline heart disease. A clinical approach demonstrates how these modalities may be used to acquire images, and then how you can recognize and identify patterns, relate them to...

Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem in both dogs and humans. Certain dog breeds show high prevalence of the disease, whereas other breeds are at low risk. Fructosamine and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) are two major biomarkers of glycaemia, where serum concentrations reflect glucose turnover over the past few weeks to months. In this study...

Background Plasma variables may be affected by breed or body weight (BW). Small-sized dogs are very common, but no specific reference intervals (RI) are used.Objectives The primary objective of this prospective study was to assess the potential effect of breed, BW, age, and sex on routine plasma analytes and packed cell volume (PCV) in small-sized...

High salt dry expanded diets are commercially available for cats to increase water intake and urine volume, as part of the prevention or treatment of naturally occurring urinary stone formation (calcium oxalates and struvites). However, chronic high salt intake may have potential cardiovascular adverse effects in both humans, especially in aging in...

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the observer's level of experience on within- and between-day variability, and the percentage of successful systolic (SAP) and diastolic arterial blood pressure (DAP) measurements obtained by Doppler ultrasonography (DU) in awake cats. For this purpose, six healthy, conscious cats were u...

Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the potential effect of body weight (BW), age, and gender on the most commonly used echocardiographic and conventional Doppler variables in a large population of healthy Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS), and (2) to establish the corresponding reference intervals (RI). Animals: 134...

Measurement of plasma concentration of natriuretic peptides (NPs) is suggested to be of value in diagnosis of cardiac disease in dogs, but many factors other than cardiac status may influence their concentrations. Dog breed potentially is 1 such factor. To investigate breed variation in plasma concentrations of pro-atrial natriuretic peptide 31-67...

Objectives The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the potential effect of body weight (BW), age, and gender on the most commonly used echocardiographic and conventional Doppler variables in a large population of healthy Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS), and (2) to establish the corresponding reference intervals (RI). Animals 134 heal...

Plasma NT-proBNP has previously been evaluated in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). However, reference intervals (RI) established according to the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations have never been provided. The objectives of this prospective study were to assess effects of breed, body weight, age,...

The objective of this prospective observational study was to assess systolic arterial blood pressure (SABP) in small-breed dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (MVD) from different International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) heart failure classes. For this purpose, 103 client-owned dogs weighing <20kg (mean±standard deviation,...

Increasing salt intake to promote diuresis has been suggested in the management of feline lower urinary tract disease. However, high dietary salt intake might adversely affect blood pressure and renal function. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effects of increased salt intake on renal function in healthy aged cats. This study...

Clinical echocardiograhy in dogs and cats with acquired and congenital heart diseases. Normal views and values (Mmode, 2D, Spectral and tissue Doppler). Doppler tissue and Speckle Tracking imaging. Transesophageal echocardiography. 3D echocardiography. Interventional echocardiography.

Little is known about the vascular function and expression of endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and nNOS) in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Bradykinin is involved in the regulation of eNOS expression induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. We characterized the vascular function and eNOS and nNOS expression in a...

Objectives: (1) To investigate heart morphology and function using echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), (2) to determine heart disease prevalence and characteristics, and (3) to assess potential genetic features in a population of Sphynx cats presented for cardiovascular screening. Animals: A total of 147 echocardiographic examinat...

The use of transthoracic echocardiography in dolphins has been limited so far owing to technical and anatomical specificities. Anatomic M-mode (AMM) is a postprocessing echocardiographic technique generating M-mode studies from two-dimensional (2D) cineloops independently of the ultrasound beam orientation. The aim of the present study was to deter...

Cardiomyopathy is a lethal result of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), but its characteristics remain elusive. The golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs produce DMD pathology and mirror DMD patient's symptoms, including cardiomyopathy. We previously showed that bradykinin slows the development of pacing-induced heart failure. Therefore,...

To determine the strength of the relationship between paradoxical breathing (PB) and spontaneous pleural diseases in dyspneic dogs and cats. Cross-sectional study. Dogs (n = 195) and cats (194) with a recorded diagnosis of dyspnea examined at the National Veterinary Schools of Alfort and Toulouse (France) between January 2001 and October 2009. Dogs...

Primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common feline heart disease and has been demonstrated to be inherited in some breeds. However, few studies have compared HCM phenotypes and survival according to breed. To compare epidemiological characteristics, clinical findings, left ventricular (LV) geometric patterns, and survival in severa...

Degenerative mitral valve disease (MVD), the most common acquired heart disease in small-sized dogs, is characterized by valvular degeneration resulting in systolic mitral valve regurgitation (MR). Worsening of MR leads to several combined complications including cardiac remodeling, increased left ventricular filling pressure, pulmonary arterial hy...

Azotemia occurs frequently in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). It could indicate changes in renal hemodynamics. To assess the renal resistive index (RI) in dogs with DMVD, and the statistical link between heart failure class, azotemia, echo-Doppler parameters, several plasma variables, and RI. Fifty-five dogs with naturally occur...

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and early death resulting from dystrophin deficiency. Spontaneous canine muscular disorders are interesting settings to evaluate the relevance of innovative therapies in human using pre-clinical trials. One of them, muscular dystrophy in Golden Retrievers (GRMD dogs) provid...

Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common heart disease in dogs. It is characterized by chronic progressive degenerative lesions of the mitral valve. The valve leaflets become thickened and prolapse into the left atrium resulting in mitral regurgitation (MR). MMVD is most prevalent in small to medium sized dog breeds, Cavalier King...

Feline systemic arterial hypertension (SHT) is associated with a wide spectrum of left ventricular (LV) geometric patterns as well as diastolic, and to a lesser extent, systolic myocardial dysfunction. However, little is known about SHT-related cardiac changes in dogs. SHT in dogs is responsible for morphological and functional cardiac alterations....

Surgical treatment of mitral stenosis (MS) usually consists of open mitral commissurotomy (MC) or percutaneous balloon MC, which require a cardiopulmonary bypass or transseptal approach, respectively. We describe here the first surgical management of congenital MS in a dog using a less invasive procedure, a surgical closed MC under direct echo guid...