V. Nelly Salgado de Snyder

• PhD
• Senior Research Scientist at University of Texas at Austin

We examined the association of anticipatory negative consequences related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Latinx young adults. Data are from a community-based study with first- and second-generation immigrant, Latinx young adults (18–26 years old). Participants completed an online survey about mental health and anticipated personal...

The Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) is strengthening diabetes care through piloting the Chronic Disease Preventive Model (CDPM) that includes intensive diabetes education, interdisciplinary care teams, and intensification of insulin therapy and of HbA1c monitoring. To address CDPM implementation challenges, we analyzed care bottlenecks...

Los latinx de Estados Unidos han sido objeto de políticas de inmigración racializadas que amenazan el bienestar no solo de las personas directamente afectadas, sino también de las que son testigos de los sufrimientos provocados por estos hechos. En este estudio se exploraron las experiencias de personas jóvenes adultas latinx que son testigos de lo...

Long-term research has identified significant water contamination and associated poor health outcomes in the indigenous community of Alpuyeca, located in south-central Mexico. We set out to develop a popular education initiative in this community to improve water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) knowledge and practices. In order to avoid recreating h...

The COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted the wellbeing of the general US population, but even more so among Latinx young adults. The current study provides a detailed picture of the emotional wellbeing and coping of Latinx young adults during the first summer of the pandemic. Six virtual focus groups (n = 21) were conducted between May and August of 202...

Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic1,2. Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 r...

Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic 1,2 . Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19...

Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic1,2. Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 r...

Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic 1,2 . Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19...

For many Latinx young adults, COVID-19 has exposed exclusionary policies that heighten risk for contracting the virus and that leave them and their parents unprotected. This study has a dual purpose; first, to quantitatively examine immigration policy impacts of discrimination, isolation, threats to family, and vulnerability, and their association...

Health of non-migrant paid domestic workers (PDWs) has seldom been studied. This review examines the relationship between being a non-migrant paid domestic worker and manifesting depressive symptoms (DS). Following a mixed-methods systematic review protocol, we found 10 relevant cross-sectional studies conducted in African, Asian, and Latin America...

Among the modifiable health behaviors, physical activity (PA) promotion has been one of the challenges in primary care, particularly how to translate the results of proven interventions and implement them in the real world. This study was aimed to compare whether two programs designed for hypertensive patients achieve changes in clinical and anthro...

The purpose of this study was to analyze occupational and personal stressors, mental health indicators, perceived discrimination and help-seeking behaviors among healthcare workers and providers (HCWPs) serving socially vulnerable groups such as immigrants, refugees, farmworkers, homeless individuals, people living in poverty, and other disadvantag...

Background: Global health diplomacy (GHD) focuses on the actions taken by diverse stakeholders from different nations –governments, multilateral agents, and civil society– to phenomena that can affect population health and its determinants beyond national borders. Although the literature on conceptual advancements of GHD exists, empirical studies a...

Los adultos jóvenes latinos de 18 a 25 años enfrentan desafíos únicos que los ponen de manera desproporcionada en un alto riesgo de sufrir consecuencias de salud, económicas y sociales debido a la pandemia del COVID-19. El estudio presente examinó cómo las consecuencias económicas y psicosociales a raíz de la pandemia se asociaron con problemas de...

The purpose of this scoping review of the literature was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the living conditions of Latinos (Hispanics) in the U.S. from a social determinants of health perspective. We developed a conceptual model based on the social determinants of health framework to guide the search, extraction, analysis, and inte...

Social vulnerability refers to the relative lack of protection of a group of people when they face potential damage to their health, threats to the satisfaction of their basic needs, and violation of their human rights due to their lesser financial, personal, social and legal resources. Individuals and societies cope with these adverse conditions b...

Since the end of the Cold War, health has gone from a peripheral concern in foreign policy negotiations to a prominent place on the global political agenda. While the rise of health onto the foreign policy agenda is by now old news, the driving forces behind its expansion into new political spheres remain understudied and undertheorized. This artic...

Among the strategies developed thus far for promoting physical activity (PA), exercise-referral schemes (ERs) have gained in popularity as an effective means of preventing secondary health conditions such as hypertension. However, information on the factors affecting adherence to these programs is limited. Using a mixed-methods approach, we underto...

Background: Offering widespread access to training, massive open online courses (MOOCs) are regarded in the literature as a tool for democratizing knowledge. However, to be universal they must be culturally contextualized and have access to broadband Internet with adequate connectivity. Aiming to strengthen capacities in low- and middle-income coun...

Vaccination is the single most important preventive medicine action worldwide. However, there are inequalities in the procurement of vaccines particularly among US ethnic and racial minority males when compared to the rest of the US population. This study explored the reasons given by adult Mexican-origin males residing in Texas, for obtaining or n...

Effective management of a pandemic due to a respiratory virus requires public health capacity for a coordinated response for mandatory restrictions, large-scale testing to identify infected individuals, capacity to isolate infected cases and track and test contacts, and health services for those infected who require hospitalization. Because of cont...

Health inequities across the Americas are avoidable and unjust yet continue to persist. Systemic social determinants of health, which could be addressed at the policy level, are root causes of many inequities and prevent marginalized individuals and at-risk populations from reaching optimal health and well-being. In this article, we describe our ap...

Background: Promotion of biomedical research along with the development of evidence-based prevention policies have been suggested as an effective way to reduce environmental risks for children’s health in Latin America. However, there is little information on the current state of childhood environmental health research, which might help identify it...

Salicrup LA, Cuervo LG, Cano Jiménez R, Salgado de Snyder N, Becerra-Posada F. Advancing health research through research governance. BMJ 2018; 362 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2484 (Published 16 July 2018). Cite this as: BMJ 2018;362:k2484. https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k2484 High quality research—and the evidence that it yields—is es...

Background The Mexican health system segments access and right to healthcare according to worker position in the labour market. In this contribution we analyse how access and continuity of healthcare gets interrupted by employment turnover in the labour market, including its formal and informal sectors, as experienced by affiliates to the Mexican I...

Objectives: The Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) provides a package of health, economic and social benefits to workers employed in private firms within the formal labour market and to their economic dependants. Affiliates have a right to these benefits only while they remain contracted, thus posing a risk for the continuity of healthcare...

Introduction: The effectiveness of clinical-community linkages for promotion of physical activity (PA) has not been explored in low- and middle-income countries. This study assessed the effectiveness of a primary care-based, 16-week intervention rooted in behavioral theory approaches to increase compliance with aerobic PA recommendations. Study d...

Objetivo: analizar las capacidades de investigación sobre determinantes sociales y determinación social de los procesos saludenfermedad (DSS) en Brasil, Colombia y México con base en los sistemas nacionales de ciencia, tecnología e innovación (SNCTI) y la producción científica sobre DSS (2005-2012) de cada país. Metodología: se realiza un estudio...

Background Almost seven years after the publication of the final report of the World Health Organization’s Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH), its third recommendation has not been attended to properly. Measuring health inequities (HI) within countries and globally, in order to develop and evaluate evidence-based policies and action...

Background It is desirable that health researchers have the ability to conduct research on health equity and contribute to the development of their national health system and policymaking processes. However, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is a limited capacity to conduct this type of research due to reasons mostly associated wit...

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of frailty in a sample of rural elderly living in socially vulnerable circumstances as well as to determine its correlates. Method: Cross-sectional study of 558 rural elderly participating in a prospective study conducted in Mexico. Frailty was defined using the Fried criteria. Ordinal logistic regression model...

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore in rural communities of Mexico, the association between physical activity (PA) in school-age children and exposure to migration. Methods: We measured PA through a questionnaire validated in school-age children and used in Mexican National Surveys. Migration status was measured as the number of...

OBJECTIVE: Understand and analyze procedures used to create national integrated research agendas from 2007 to 2011 in Argentina, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, and Paraguay. METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study using an online survey of agenda preparation processes; specifically, development, integration, implementation, and use and disseminatio...

Understand and analyze procedures used to create national integrated research agendas from 2007 to 2011 in Argentina, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, and Paraguay. Descriptive, cross-sectional study using an online survey of agenda preparation processes; specifically, development, integration, implementation, and use and dissemination of the agenda. The...

Objetivo. Examinar la investigación hecha en México sobre los determinantes sociales de la salud (DSS) durante el periodo 2005-2012 con base en la caracterización del sistema nacional de investigación en salud y la producción científica sobre este tema. Material y métodos. Análisis en dos etapas: revisión documental de fuentes oficiales sobre inves...

Objective: To examine the research on social determinants of health (SDH) produced in Mexico during the period 2005-2012, based on the characterization of the national health research system and the scientific production on this topic. Materials and methods: Two-stage analyses: Review of Mexican documents and official sources on health research...

Background: Although the benefits of physical activity (PA) on to prevent and manage non-communicable diseases are well known, strategies to help increase the levels of PA among different populations are limited. Exercise-referral schemes have emerged as one effective approach to promote PA; however, there is uncertainty about the feasibility and...

Forma de citar: Juárez-Ramírez C, Márquez-Serrano M, Salgado de Snyder N, Pelcastre-Villafuerte BE, Ruelas-González MG, Reyes-Morales H. La desigualdad en salud de grupos vulnerables de México: adultos mayores, indígenas y migrantes. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2014;35(4):284–90. sinopsis La vulnerabilidad en salud se refiere a la falta de protección...

Health vulnerability refers to a lack of protection for specific population groups with specific health problems, as well as the disadvantages they face in solving them in comparison with other population groups. This major public health problem has multiple and diverse causes, including a shortage of trained health care personnel and the lack of f...

Purpose To provide an example of censored data analysis in the management of CED-S missing data, using a data set of a study conducted with Mexican rural women. Material and Methods Data used for this exercise were collected in a cross-sectional study with 416 women in the Mexican region known as the Mixleca Baja. Using a Survival Analysis (SA) foc...

Objective: To provide an example of censored data analysis in the management of CES-D missing data, using a data set from a study conducted with Mexican rural women. Materials and Methods: Data used for this exercise were collected in a cross-sectional study with 416 women in the Mexican region known as the Mixteca Baja. Using a Survival Analysis (...

The process of urbanization entails social improvements with the consequential better quality-of-life for urban residents. However, in many low-income and some middle-income countries, urbanization conveys inequality and exclusion, creating cities and dwellings characterized by poverty, overcrowded conditions, poor housing, severe pollution, and ab...

Objective. To describe the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of households in the Mixteca Baja and analyze differences in affiliation with health care programs and utilization, among members of households with migrants (HogMig) and without migrants (HogNoMig) to the United States. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional, descriptive sur...

To describe the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of households in the Mixteca Baja and analyze differences in affiliation with health care programs and utilization, among members of households with migrants (HogMig) and without migrants (HogNoMig) to the United States. A cross-sectional, descriptive survey was used with heads of househ...

Background: The emigration of Mexicans to the USA has increased in the last decades, and little is known about the effect of this on the mental health of those who stay behind. Aims: To evaluate the association of emigration of husband and depressive symptoms (DS) among women who stay in Mexico. We also tested the hypothesis that the husband's migr...

Depressive symptoms constitute a common mental health problem, with a relevant social and personal impact. These symptoms are present not only among the urban population in more economically developed countries, but also in rural areas in poor and middle development countries. In order to obtain reliable information on the frequency of depressive s...

Los síntomas depresivos son un problema de salud mental frecuente e importante en cuanto a sus consecuencias personales y sociales, que afecta no solamente a la población urbana de los países más desarrollados, sino también a los habitantes de zonas rurales en los países pobres. Para obtener información confiable acerca de la frecuencia de síntomas...

To identify factors (sociodemographic, health, and social support) associated with the presence of accidental injuries in older adults living in deprived urban neighborhoods in four Mexican municipalities. Cross-sectional survey carried out in 2004-2005, with a non-probabilistic, intentional sample of 799 male and female elderly living in deprived...

Objetivo. Identificar los factores sociodemográficos, de salud y apoyo social relacionados con las lesiones accidentales en adultos mayores residentes de colonias urbanas marginales de las ciudades de Cuernavaca, Chilpancingo, Guadalajara y Culiacán. Material y métodos. En 2004-2005 se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal; mediante muestra no probab...

The purpose of this contribution is to review the peer reviewed literature from the last 20 years regarding the role of Mexican women in the family, and to describe the psychosocial and health challenges they face. We analyze the current problems and recent improvements in three areas: reproductive health, nutrition, and mental health, and we discu...

Objective: To explore perceptions of well-being, family support, and economic resources in relation to level of contact with migration to the U.S. among a sample of elderly males from rural Mexico. Method: The snowballing technique was used to obtain a sample of 372 participants. Four groups were created according to the level of contact with migra...

TheWorld Health Organization (WHO) defines the elderly as people aged 60 and older and reports that there are about 600 million elderly people in theworld(WHO, 1999). However, according to demographic projections, by the middle of the current century this number will increase to 2 billion. The situation in Latin American countries is similar; in th...

To construct and validate a scale to assess violence by the male partner against women. An index of severity of the emotional and physical damage was also designed to assess the intensity of the violent actions against women. The sample consisted of a total of 26 042 women who participated as respondents in the National Survey on Violence against W...

To identify and describe the factors associated with emotional distress in a national sample of women users of public health services in Mexico, such a Secretaria de Salud (SSA), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE). This research study was conducted using t...

Objetivo: Construir y validar, en el país, una escala para medir violencia hacia las mujeres por parte de la pareja masculina. Asimismo, construir un índice de severidad que permita establecer una dimensión del daño emocional y físico de las acciones violentas perpetradas en contra de las mujeres. Material y metodos. La muestra consistió de 26 042...

Objetivo. Identificar los factores asociados al malestar emocional en una muestra nacional de usuarias de servicios de salud del sector público: Secretaría de Salud (SSA), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE). Material y métodos. Se utilizó la base de datos...

Objetivo. Analizar los factores sociales asociados al estado de salud de hombres mayores de 60 años que viven en contextos de pobreza en áreas rurales de México. Material y métodos. De febrero a octubre de 2002 se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal, descriptivo, con una muestra intencional de 392 adultos mayores residentes de zonas rurales de los...

Objective. To analyze the social factors associated with the health status of elderly men, 60 years and older, who live in poverty in the rural areas of Mexico. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted between February and October 2002, in a convenience sample of 392 elderly men residing in rural areas of the states...

To analyze the social factors associated with the health status of elderly men, 60 years and older, who live in poverty in the rural areas of Mexico. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted between February and October 2002, in a convenience sample of 392 elderly men residing in rural areas of the states of Guerrero, Morelos and Jalisco...

The World Health Organization, in its report "Mental Health in the World" released in 2001 (WHO, 2002), suggests that approximately 450 million people in the world suffer some type of neurological or mental disorder; however, only a minority receive professional attention for their problems. Depression is the fourth disorder in terms of the weight...

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors related to cases of low birth weight among a sample of Mexican women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present analysis utilizes data from a post partum survey of 565 women implemented in eight different social security hospitals in western Mexico during 2001. Women giving birth to low weight infants (2.5 kgs) were oversampl...

Mexico-U.S. migration creates situations that may cause psychological distress. The purpose of this research project was to study the impact of father's physical absence due to international migration (FPAIM) on adolescent offspring of rural immigrants from Zacatecas, Mexico. Stressors and compensators were studied from the adolescent's perspective...

To identify factors related to cases of low birth weight among a sample of Mexican women. The present analysis utilizes data from a post partum survey of 565 women implemented in eight different social security hospitals in western Mexico during 2001. Women giving birth to low weight infants (2.5 kgs) were oversampled and make up half of the sample...

The purpose of this project was to identify behaviors of health service utilization to solve mental health-related problems among rural inhabitants of Mexico. A model of pathways to mental health services was built. Based on this model, an integration-intervention model is proposed to help improve access to mental health services and their quality....

OBJETIVO: Identificar conductas de utilización de servicios para resolver problemas de salud mental en los pobladores de localidades rurales de México; construir un modelo sobre los caminos de la atención para la salud mental que siguen los pobladores rurales, y proponer un modelo de integración para mejorar la calidad y el acceso a estos servicios...

The purpose of the present contribution is to describe the prevalence of nervios through self-report, to identify psychological and somatic symptoms associated with nervios, and to report the comorbidity of nervios with mood and anxiety disorders among Mexican rural-origin adults. The data reported here were collected as part of a larger project, w...

Participants in this study were 300 Mexican women of rural origin who were born and raised in villages of that country and who belong to one of three groups: married and living with their husbands in Los Angeles, California (n = 100), married to migrant workers but living in Mexico (n = 100), and living in Mexico with their spouses (n = 100). Train...

Poverty is the most important contextual factor in rural Mexico that contributes to the development of a particular way of life or culture. It is conceptualized as a state of need characterized by the lack of the indispensable to sustain life. According to recent estimates, over one half of the inhabitants of Mexico remain in conditions of poverty...

The purpose of this article is to provide a description of the pathways to the utilization of mental health services among rural Mexicans in a village with a long-standing tradition of male labor migration to the United States. The authors developed a model of pathways to mental health service utilization on the basis of ethnographic field notes an...

The purpose of this study was to assess attitudes toward the United States andAmericans, toward Mexico and Mexicans, and knowledge about Proposition 187 in Mexican women married to documented and undocumented immigrant workers in California. The data presented here correspond to the baseline of a longitudinal study currently in process. Participant...

This paper reports the results of three studies on the use of mental health services. The first one includes an urban sample in which the use of services by men and women is compared; the other two include only female subjects (one rural and the other, urban). A great shortage of mental health services is observed in urban settings, however, when w...

International migration between Mexico and the United States has been acknowledged as a phenomenon that may contribute to the spread of AIDS in rural Mexico. The purpose of this study is to identify the information held by the participants regarding AIDS and to describe selected high-risk behaviors for AIDS transmission among a representative sampl...

The objective of this paper is to present a brief review of the results that to date are known in relation to the impact of International Migration on the psychological well being of the Mexicans who directly (those who go) or indirectly (those who stay) have been involved in this phenomenon. Human migration from Mexico to the United States is a ph...

The main objective of this paper is to identify likenesses and differences on frequency of conflictive situations between males and females in their relationships with parents and friends, as well as the depressive symptoms derived of those experiences. The sample was of 628 (13-15 years old) junior high students, from public and private schools in...

The purpose of the present study was to identify the level of depressive symptomatology (conceptualized by our respondents as nervios), the use of mental health services or sources of alternative help, the use of medication and the reasons associated with this utilization in two groups of rural-origin Mexican women. Group 1 was formed by two hundre...

This paper presents the results of a study aimed at describing the characteristics of the CES-D in a sample of 250 adult women, residents of rural areas in the Mexican states of Jalisco and Michoacán. Our factor analyses did not replicate the factor structure of the original scale, but adequately grouped the items according to their conceptual mean...

The human migration process between any two countries has two components that are equally important: the migrant and the family left behind. Unfortunately, the latter component has not received the attention it deserves from researchers and service providers. This study was conducted with 202 Mexican women living in their country, married to immigr...

The phenomen on of internationa migration has two human components both of which are equally ímportan: The people who go and the people who stay be hind. It is acornmonerr or that Ghent alking about International mígratíon referente is Orly made to those who go wit hout anyregard to the fanúly members who stay in the horne country. This study was c...

Studied 202 Mexican women (average age, 36.2 years) from rural and semi-rural areas of Jalisco ad Michoacan. The women lived in Mexico while their husbands worked in the US, mostly in California, over prolonged periods of time. The study identified areas of conflict -- especially with spouses, children, family and about personal or money problems....

A 4-phase project was conducted to develop a culturally appropriate measure of psychosocial stress, the Hispanic Stress Inventory (HSI). Phase 1 involved the collection of open-ended interview data N = 105 to generate a set of meaningful psychosocial stress items. Phase 2 examined the construct validity of the HSI items by means of consensus rating...

A 4-phase project was conducted to develop a culturally appropriate measure of psychosocial stress, the Hispanic Stress Inventory (HSI). Phase 1 involved the collection of open-ended interview data (N = 105) to generate a set of meaningful psychosocial stress items. Phase 2 examined the construct validity of the HSI items by means of consensus rati...

Hispanic groups, taken together, constitute nearly 9% of the U.S. population. Research undertaken in the last decade has demonstrated that segments of the Hispanic male population are particularly heavy drinkers and are at high risk for alcohol-related problems. This article reviews several of the most important studies of alcohol use and its conse...

The process of international migration has been associated with increased levels of psychological disturbance and recently investigators have noted the experience of PTSD symptoms among recent war refugees from Southeast Asia. This study sought to first examine the overall impact of migration in a large sample of immigrants from Central America and...

Thlis study examined the reliability and validitv of a newly developed instrument to assess psychosocial stress amonig Hispanic adults, the Hispanic Stress Inventory (HSI). A community pilot sample (N = 493) was obtained using the HSI along with a variety of criterion measures. Factor analytic procedures resulted in two versions of the HSI, one for...

This study examined the relationship between gender, ethnicity, psychosocial stress and generalized distress in 593 Hispanic immigrants, Mexican Americans, and Anglo Americans using the Hispanic Stress Inventory (HSI) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Findings revealed that immigrant females had higher scores on the...