V. D. Kuznetsov

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation Russian Academy of Sciences · Director

Recent accumulation of a critical mass of observational material from different spacecraft complete with the enhanced abilities of numerical methods have led to a boom of studies revealing the high complexity of processes occurring in the heliosphere. Views on the solar wind filling the interplanetary medium have dramatically developed from the beg...

Our understanding of processes occurring in the heliosphere historically began with reduced dimensionality - one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) sketches and models, which aimed to illustrate views on large-scale structures in the solar wind. However, any reduced dimensionality vision of the heliosphere limits the possible interpretations...

Our understanding of processes occurring in the heliosphere historically began with reduced dimensionality - one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) sketches and models, which aimed to illustrate views on large-scale structures in the solar wind. However, any reduced dimensionality vision of the heliosphere limits the possible interpretations...

The research is aimed at the study of the properties of solutions for parallel MHD shock waves in collisionless plasma with heat fluxes, using 8-moment MHD approximation. Restrictions have been established on the upstream shock parameters preserving physical meaning of the downstream plasma parameters.

Firehose, mirror and ion-acoustic instabilities behind MHD shock waves are discussed for collisionless anisotropic plasma with heat fluxes. For the parallel shock wave it has been demonstrated that initially stable plasma can be destabilized by the shock which leads to turbulence generation in the downstream flow. Upstream parameter domains are det...

English abstract: Study of the physical phenomena and processes on the Sun and in the heliosphere, a natural plasma laboratory, is based on near-earth and space-based observations and building models which help to obtain a general view of how the Sun was made and how it works, while allowing one to address the practical problems of solar activity...

An extensive analysis of Ulysses observations of the solar wind speed V from 1990 to 2008 is under-taken. It is shown that the evolution of V with heliocentric distance r depends substantially on both the heliolatitude and the solar activity cycle. Deviations from the predicted Parker's profile of V(r) are so considerable that cannot be explained b...

The set of experiments in 2017 included the forecasting of geo- and heliophysical conditions in the ionosphere, the choice of heating regimes at a minimum critical frequency of the F2 ionospheric layer, analysis of the ionosphere radio sounding results and measurements of geomagnetic perturbations using ground-based facilities, study of the potenti...

We present the analysis of Ulysses observations of the solar wind speed (V) from 1990 to 2008. We show that the evolution of V with heliocentric distance (r) depends on both the heliolatitude and the solar activity cycle substantially. Deviations from the predicted Parker's profile of V(r) are so considerable that cannot be explained by scarcity of...

A class of shock wave solutions is discussed for collisionless anisotropic plasma with heat fluxes. For the strictly parallel one-dimensional motions of a plasma the system of equations is written in divergent form and both linear and shock wave solutions are considered. Jump expressions for the parallel shocks are obtained in analytical form as fu...

A class of shock wave solutions is discussed for collisionless anisotropic plasma with heat fluxes. For the strictly parallel one-dimensional motions of a plasma the system of equations is written in divergent form and both linear and shock wave solutions are considered. Jump expressions for the parallel shocks are obtained in analytical form as fu...

The paper describes the complex of scientific instruments and the algorithm of the “Molniya-Gamma” experiment on measuring gamma-ray fluxes in the energy range of 32–750 keV carried out in 2011 on board the Russian Segment (RS) of the International Space Station (ISS). About 500 thousand energy spectra with a time resolution of 1 min were obtained...

The Interhelioprobe mission aims to investigate the inner heliosphere and the Sun from close distances (up to 0.3 AU) and from out of the ecliptic plane (up to 30°). In this paper we present the relevance of the mission and its main scientific objectives, describe the scientific payload, ballistic scenario and orbits of the spacecraft. Possibilitie...

ChemiX is a Bragg crystal spectrometer that will fly on the two Interhelioprobe spacecraft due for launch in 2025 and 2026. The spacecraft perihelion will be only 0.3 a.u. and the orbit inclination up to 30°, and so instruments on board will have a close view of solar active regions and flares and regions near each solar pole. The ChemiX X-ray spec...

Interhelioprobe (IHP), an analogue to the ESA Solar Orbiter, is the prospective Russian space solar observatory intended for in-situ and remote sensing investigations of the Sun and the inner heliosphere from a heliocentric orbit with the perihelion of about 60 solar radii. One of several instruments on board will be the Bragg crystal spectrometer...

Spectrophotometer ChemiX on board of the Interhelioprobe interplanetary mission will measure solar X-ray spectra in a 1.5 to 9 A range. The instrument is under cinstruction at the Wroclaw Lab of Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences.

ChemiX (CHEMical composition In X-rays) is a next-generation bent crystal spectrometer designed for detailed fast-cadence measurements of the soft X-ray spectra of solar sources in the spectral range 1.3 - 9 Angstroms instantaneously at all wavelengths. The instrument will be placed on each of the two Russian interplanetary Interhelioprobe missions...

Commission 12 of the International Astronomical Union encompasses investigations of the internal structure and dynamics of the Sun, the quiet solar atmosphere, solar radiation and its variability, and the nature of relatively stable magnetic structures like sunspots, faculae and the magnetic network. The Commission sees participation of over 300 sc...

This paper describes the basic and applied research rationale for the organization of IZMIRAN and provides insight into the 75 years of the Institute's activities and development. Historically, early magnetic measurements in Russia were developed largely to meet the Navy's navigation needs and were, more generally, stimulated by the Peter the Great...

The report describes data on the energy spectra of gamma radiation in the range of 0.3-1.0 MeV recorded continuously in 2011 on board the Russian Segment of the International Space Station. About 500 thousand energy spectra with a time resolution of 16 μs characterized by a large variety of time profiles and amplitudes were obtained for 232 full da...

The Molniya-Gamma Experiment carried out in 2011 on board the Russian Segment of the International Space Station (RS ISS) involved continuous registration of gamma-ray energy spectra aimed at gathering statistical data on the global distribution of gamma radiation along the ISS orbit (low and mid latitudes) and studying the gamma-radiation burst co...

Waves and instabilities of collisionless temperature-anisotropic plasma of solar wind are studied in the framework of the 16-moment MHD approximation taking into account the effects of heat fluxes Sperp and S|| along the magnetic field associated with temperatures Tperp and T||.

The world first scientific space experiment was carried out in 1957 during the flight of the First Artificial Earth Satellite (AES) - Sputnik-1. It was an ionospheric experiment performed at IZMIRAN under the direction of Prof. Ya.L. Alpert (1911-2010). The sunrise and sunset variations in the AES radio signal were recorded to determine the distrib...

The paper provides a review of the state of the art and prospects of space research in heliophysics, in which a pivotal role belongs to magnetic measurements in the Sun and heliosphere. New space missions, such as the Interhelioprobe, Solar Orbiter, Solar Probe Plus, etc., will follow the currently operating ones (Hinode, SDO, STEREO, etc.) to obse...

Space-based solar observations continue to provide new insights into the structure and dynamics of the Sun's interior and atmosphere. This paper uses helioseismic and magnetic data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager of the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) to present results on the Sun's subphotospheric and meridional flows and on the simulati...

The Sun exhibits different kinds of activity and its appearance is permanently changing, as it is revealed by numerous ground and space observations. The most well-known phenomenon is the 11-year solar activity cycle with an increasing and decreasing number of sunspots on the Sun surface over this period. These sunspots can be tens of thousands of...

12 экспериментов проведённых с модулированным нагревом ионо-сферы в 2007–2012 гг., только в двух из них зарегистрированы возмущения в маг-нитном поле, которые можно интерпретировать как признак суббурь, искусствен-но вызванных нагревным стендом сура. Эффекты модификации сопровождались наблюдениями на борту международной космической станции (мкс), с...

1957) до исследований с помощью современных космических обсерваторий («Интеркосмос-19», апЭкс, «коронас-ф» и др.). тематика космических исследований охватывает все науч-ные направления института — исследования ионосферы, магнитного поля земли и планет, солнца и солнечно-земных связей. приводятся основные научные ре-зультаты исследований на космичес...

1957 г. во время полёта первого искусственного спутника земли (Исз) — «спутника-1». Это был ионосферный эксперимент ИзмИран, выполнен-ный под руководством профессора я. л. альперта. в эксперименте по зарегистрированным вариациям «радиовосхода» и «радиозахода» сигналов спутника определено распределение электрон-ной концентрации во внешней области ио...

The high-frequency (HF) emission in near-Earth space from various powerful transmitters (radio communications, radars, broadcasting, universal time and navigation stations, etc.) form an integral part of the modern world that it cannot do without. In particular, special-purpose research facilities equipped with powerful HF transmitters are used suc...

Properties of instabilities in a collisionless plasma are considered based on 16-moment MHD equations with allowance for differences between the heat fluxes along the magnetic field due to longitudinal and transverse thermal ion motions. It is shown that the increments and thresholds appreciably depend on these two heat fluxes for all compressible...

The report describes data on the energy spectra of gamma radiation in the range of 0.3-1.0 MeV recorded continuously in 2011 on board the Russian Segment of the International Space Station. About 500 thousand energy spectra with a time resolution of 16 μs characterized by a large variety of time profiles and amplitudes were obtained for 232 full da...

Small spacecraft 'Compass-2' was created for carrying out of space experiments to research of an opportunity of detection of ionospheric precursors of strong earthquakes. Flight tests and operation of scientific devices 'Compass-2' has shown that, the created complex of the scientific equipment can be used for monitoring of an ionosphere with the p...

The special-purpose research facilities equipped with powerful HF transmitters are used successfully for plasma experiments and local modification of the ionosphere. In this work, we are using the results of a complex space-ground experiment to show that exposure of the subauroral region to HF emission can not only cause local changes in the ionosp...

The transionospheric sounding by signals from the GPS cluster satellites carried out in the zone of explosion of the Chelyabinsk bolid has shown that the explosion had a very weak effect on the ionosphere. The observed ionosphere disturbances were asymmetric with respect to the explosion epicenter. The signals obtained were compared both in shape a...

The Interhelioprobe Mission is intended for the study of the Sun and heliosphere on the basis of in-situ and remote observations from two spacecraft in heliocentric orbits inclined gradually towards the ecliptic plane by means of gravity-assisted maneuvers at Venus. A quarter of a period interval between the satellites will allow long-term continuo...

Structure and plasma processes of the heliosphere will be in the focus of attention for the next decade with the launch of Solar Orbiter, Solar Probe Plus, Interhelioprobe and SPORT, as well as the continuing flight of Voyagers and New Horizons. We review possible scientific goals and technical challenges for even more distant projects under discus...

The world first scientific space experiment was carried out in 1957 during the flight of the First Artificial Earth Satellite (AES) – Sputnik-1. It was an ionospheric experiment performed at IZMIRAN under the direction of Prof. Ya.L.Alpert (1911-2010). The sunrise and sunset variations in the AES radio signal were recorded to determine the distribu...

The South Ural meteoroid (February 15, 2013; near the city of Chelyabinsk) is undoubtedly the best documented meteoroid in history. Its passage through the atmosphere has been recorded on videos and photographs, visually by observers, with ground�based infrasound microphones and seismographs, and by satellites in orbit. In this work, the results ar...

The data of transionospheric sounding by signals from the GPS cluster satellites in the zone of explosion of the Chelyabinsk meteoroid have been analyzed. The analysis has shown that the explosion had a very weak effect on the ionosphere. The observed ionosphere disturbances were asymmetric with respect to the explosion epicenter. The signals obtai...

На примере Челябинского метеорита показано, что связанные с ним возмущения, вероятно, охватывали всю толщу ионосферы, а не ограничивались высотами слоя Еs, как это обычно происходит при вторжении метеорных потоков.

Проведено георадарное зондирование дна озера Чебаркуль в районе падения крупного фрагмента метеорита «Челябинск». Линейные профили и трехмерная реконструкция выявляют аномальное понижение рельефа дна и нарушение структуры ледового покрова, указывающие вероятное место залегания осколков метеорита

На основе 16-моментных МГД-уравнений, которые учитывают тепловые потоки в анизотропной бесстолкновительной плазме, рассмотрены свойства волн и неустойчивостей и проведено сравнение с кинетическим приближением. Получено хорошее согласие двух подходов, что дает основания считать, что 16-моментные МГД-уравнения с хорошей точностью могут описывать дина...

Using the 16-moment equations that take into account heat fluxes in anisotropic collisionless plasma, the properties of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities are investigated. For all instabilities occurring in the MHD approach (the normal incompressible firehose instability, the second compressible almost longitudinal firehose instability, and t...

The CORONAS-F space mission is characterized in general terms as part of the Russian CORONAS space project aimed at the study of solar activity and solar-terrestrial coupling. The composition of the scientific payload and the basic characteristic of the instruments are described. Some observations carried out on board the CORONAS-F satellite are di...

The chapter is devoted to the first results of processing and analysis of data on the absorption of solar XUV radiation in the Earth upper atmosphere measured onboard the CORONAS-F space mission. The variability of the Earth's upper atmosphere associated with solar activity has been studied by analyzing the orbital evolution of the CORONAS-F satell...

The results of brightness observations of the Sun as a star by DIFOS experiment onboard CORONAS satellite are presented. The observations are performed in six spectral channels, namely 350, 500, 650, 850, 1,100, and 1,500 nm. The description of DIFOS multichannel photometer is provided. Data processing was done by analytic signal transformation. Th...

To ensure reliable operation of the science payload of the CORONAS-F satellite and to exercise its flexible control in the course of realization of the research program, an on-board and a specialized ground-based control complexes (GCCs) were designed and manufactured at the Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Pro...

Russian ”Interhelioprobe” mission is directed on research of an inner heliosphere and the Sun from close distances and from out-of-ecliptic positions. The project is carried out under the aegis of RAS and RSA. Now are starting the manufacturing the spacecraft and devices.

The Interhelioprobe Mission is designed for in-situ and remote observations of the Sun and inner heliosphere from two spacecraft in heliocentric orbits inclined gradually towards the ecliptic plane by means of gravity-assisted maneuvers at Venus. A quarter of a period interval between the satellites will allow long-term continuous out-of-ecliptic m...

Satellite observations of solar activity and its effects in the Earth space environment (geospace) within the frames of the Russian CORONAS Project (CORONAS-I 1996-2001, CORONAS-F 2001-2005, and CORONAS-PHOTON 2009) provided us with a wealth of data, which are being used up to now to gain a better understanding of the relationships between sporadic...

Satellite observations of solar activity and its effects in the Earth space environment (geospace) within the frames of the Russian CORONAS Project (CORONAS-I 1996-2001, CORONAS-F 2001-2005, and CORONAS-PHOTON 2009) provided us with a wealth of data, which are being used up to now to gain a better understanding of the relationships between sporadic...

INTERMAGNET FACILITIES AT THE MAGNETIC STATION “KRASNOE OZERO” (KRO)

Приводятся свойства МГД волн в бесстолкновительной температурно-анизотропной плазме солнечной короны и рассматривается их роль в процессах нагрева короны. Использование 16-ти моментного МГД приближения для описания плазмы короны позволяет изучить МГД волны при наличии тепловых потоков. Возникающие при этом неустойчивости волн, в частности, связанны...

The bottom of Lake Chebarkul’ was investigated by ground penetrating radar at the fall site of a large fragment of the Chelyabinsk meteorite. Linear profiles and 3D reconstructions revealed an anomalous depression of the lake floor relief and the disturbance of the structure of the ice cover, which indicate the possible place of meteorite fragment...