V. N. Bashkin

Institute of physical-chemical and biological problems of soil science, Russian Academy of Sciences · biogeochemistry

In this paper, conceptual and technological approaches based on modern knowledge in the field of agrochemistry, ecotoxicology and biogeochemistry of pesticides are considered. The ways of microbiological transformation and degradation of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) in soil and natural waters in connection with their bioremediation are shown. Th...

The processes of mineralization of xenobiotic organic compounds and their inclusion in the biogeochemical cycle, which is carried out due to their biochemical (microbiological) transformations, are considered. The state of pesticides in the soil and their degradation potential are assessed. The features of microbiological transformation and degrada...

Taking into account the huge amount of data accumulated in recent years on greenhouse gas emissions (primarily CO2, methane, or greenhouse gases (GHGs)), it is possible to consider the problem of energy efficiency (carbon dioxide emissions occur primarily during fuel combustion, as well as methane and CO2 as precursors for nitrogen fertilizers) in...

At present, it is possible to identify a number of new directions for the development of biogeochemical research, at the junction of fundamental and applied research. A new field of research is being formed – engineering biogeochemistry, within the framework of which innovative biogeochemical technologies are being developed – technologies and tech...

The application of agrogeochemical technologies aimed at restoring agrogeochemical cycles in agricultural ecosystems, primarily in the microbial link regulating CO2 flows, is considered. Examples of recultivation of disturbed and polluted soils, waterlogged and/or over-dried soils are given and their impact on the amount of CO2 flux is estimated. A...

Using the analysis of the life cycle of fertilizers, it is shown that the values of greenhouse gas emissions can be considered as an indicator of energy ef iiency. Taking into account the huge array of data accumulated in recent years on greenhouse gas emissions (primarily CO2 and methane), it is possible to consider the problem of energy ef iiency...

The review considers the application of agrogeochemical technologies aimed at restoring agrogeochemical cycles in agricultural ecosystems, primarily in the microbial link regulating CO2 flows. The factors of management of this microbial link in the application of both mineral and organic fertilizers are shown. The processes of mineralization of soi...

The monograph examines the aspects of interaction in the "society — nature" system in the process of anthropogenesis, its current state in the conditions of global anthropogenic transformation of the biosphere and the consequences for the human population. The theoretical foundations and practical approaches to solving the problem of preserving hea...

The article presents methods for managing natural and environmental risks in the conditions of increasing continentality of the climate in the Polar regions of gas production. It is shown that natural risks associated with the rise in summer temperatures can manifest themselves in the form of various epizootics. The leading factor in the manifestat...

At present, it is possible to identify a number of new directions for the development of biogeochemical research, at the junction of fundamental and applied studies. A novel field of research is being formed, namely, engineering biogeochemistry, within the framework of which innovative biogeochemical technologies and technological processes based o...

The review article discusses the application of biogeochemical technologies aimed at restoring biogeochemical cycles in agroecosystems, primarily in the microbial link regulating CO₂ flows. The factors of management this microbial link when applying mineral and organic fertilizers are shown. The processes of mineralization of soil organi...

The article focuses on identifying the dynamics of indicators and criteria for the rating of environmental transparency of oil and gas industry facilities in the Russian Arctic for 2014—2021. The authors managed to identify the general and differentiated dynamics of greening of the Arctic oil and gas sector enterprise in three sections: managerial,...

This research aims at one of the most important economic and environmental problems - the elimination of the consequences in case of emergency spills while cleaning petroleum products. The objectives of the study include the development and production of new biological products and biosorbents based on carbon-oxidizing microorganisms, testing the d...

The article shows the fundamental role of mineral fertilizers in solving the problems of global food security. Due to a number of reasons, primarily the increase in the cost of fertilizers and restrictions on their supply, as well as sanctions restrictions on the supply of raw materials, techniques for more efficient use of fertilizers are given. T...

It is shown that in order to ensure food security on a global scale, it is necessary to focus on the interaction of genetics × environment × management (G × E × M), where management means, first of all, the use of a sufficient amount of mineral fertilizers in precision agriculture. This opens up the potential to feed 9 billion people. The current s...

The use of methods for calculating geoecological risks and for assessing the probability of their excess in the impact zones of oil and gas projects in the Arctic region has been proceeded. The analysis of data and methodological approaches to the assessment of geoecological risks in connection with the anthropogenic impact of projected liquefied n...

In this chapter, the authors attempt to clarify the concepts of fairness and environmental justice, which are often mixed into one concept in the environmental literature. For this purpose, the philosophical roots and historical views on these concepts are considered. The concept of environmental justice is proposed as a broad general concept that...

This chapter focuses on the issues of environmental rating as an indicator of geoecological risk (GER) management of Russian oil and gas companies in the Arctic. The authors discuss the need of using environmental rating for oil and gas industry in Russia. Primarily, specialized attention is given to the issues of rating results of Environmental Re...

This chapter shows the examples of geopolitical and geoecological risk management, affecting the three basic directions in the work of oil and gas companies, in particular, gas producing and gas transportation companies – technological, geoecological, and environmental as well as reveal the need to revise a number of provisions on the assessment of...

This charter discusses the key geopolitical factors that affect the sustainable development of the Arctic. Among them are geographic, economic, and military factors. The most important risk factors for oil and gas development in the Arctic are related to gas exploration projects. Analysis of their transformation into opportunities and threats is on...

The article discusses the current state and prospects of biologization of agriculture related to nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in agriculture and the determination of research opportunities in the field of agronomy, plant breeding and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Crop breeding increases nitrogen uptake and use of its soil forms, while breedi...

The article shows that the mass use of industrial nitrogen fertilizers has doubled the nitrogen flows in its global biogeochemical cycle, while transforming it into an agrogeochemical one, with many environmental consequences. Th e article discusses the ecological risks associated with the use of nitrogen fertilizers, such as the accumulation of ni...

Based on the extensive material, approaches to assessing the risk of accumulation of heavy metals in vegetable crops grown in open and protected ground, including hydroponics, are considered. A scheme for performing risk assessment is proposed, including such stages as hazard identification, exposure assessment, the dose-effect estimates, risk char...

In assessing the relationship between renewable and fossil energy sources, consideration of geopolitical, climatic and technological factors has revealed the dominant role of natural gas as an energy source. Examples of the winter 2020-21 are here considered, confirming that natural gas is a relatively cheap and environmentally friendly source of e...

The article is devoted to the issues of geopolitical risks (GPR) in the hydrocarbon development of the Russian Arctic. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of modern geopolitical and geostrategic challenges of the Arctic region development. The article identifies the key geopolitical factors that affect the sustainable development of t...

The article presents the results of ecological risk management in the elimination of the consequences of hydrocarbon pollution at oil and gas facilities using the developed biosorbent based on hydrophobized peat and hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms.

The article is devoted to the issues of geopolitical risks (GPR) in the hydrocarbon development of the Russian Arctic. Meanwhile, the authors pay special attention to the analysis of modern geopolitical and geostrategic challenges to the development of the Arctic region. The key geopolitical factors affecting the sustainable development of the Arct...

The article is a continuation of several publications by the authors in the journal "Issues of Risk Analysis". It is aimed at identifying the dynamics of environmental responsibility of oil and gas industry facilities in the Russian Arctic using the rating approach for 2014—2019. The results of the rating analysis revealed the general and different...

The problem of risk management of underground water contamination due to oil migration from the soil is solved. Examples of emergency oil contamination of soil as a source of entering this pollutant to underground waters are given. The method of prevention of oil migration to underground waters from contaminated soil, protected by the patent of the...

The possibility of management by risk of surface and underground water sources contamination from soil by herbicide 2,4-D by active coals application was estimated. Active coals absorb the herbicide which is in the soil and its migration in water sources prevent. The effect of sorption by active coals has been established on the content of herbicid...

The article is devoted to the consideration of geopolitical challenges for the analysis of geoenvironmental risks (GERs) in the hydrocarbon development of the Arctic territory. Geopolitical risks (GPRs), like GERs, can be transformed into opposite external environment factors of oil and gas industry facilities in the form of additional opportunitie...

The problem of modern contamination of river waters by DDT and HCH persistence organochlorine pesticides from point sources — the sludge collectors, warehouses and burial grounds which are in an unsatisfactory state is investigated. Examples of contamination of river waters by DDT and HCH in various regions of the our country are given. The factors...

The article is devoted to the issues of geoecology and geopolitics in the Arctic. The authors reveal the need to consider geopolitical challenges in the analysis of geoecological risks (GER) of oil and gas development of the Arctic region. This is due to the intersection here of the strategic interests of several States and their focus to prove the...

The article is devoted to the issues of environmental ratings as an indicators of the process of geoenvironmental risk (GER) management of Russian oil and gas companies, operating in theArctic. The authors demonstrate the algorithm of GER management model processes and reveal the need to use environmental ratings for the oil and gas industry. Parti...

The risk of chronic and emergency contamination of soils by heavy metals through gas-dust emissions by the method protected by the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2617533 on an invention including contamination diagnostics by means of the dehydrogenase enzyme activity analysis is estimated. This method of diagnostics allows to reduce time, to...

This chapter presents a general description of polar ecosystems that are concentrated in the Arctic region to the north of the Arctic Circle and consist of Arctic and tundra zones with characteristic permafrost. It has been shown that soil contamination of the impacted polar ecosystems, due to the functioning of the gas industry and the infrastruct...

This chapter is devoted to examples of testing of nature-like biogeochemical technologies for recultivation of disturbed and polluted soils of impacted arctic ecosystems in the face of increasing continentality of the climate. It has been demonstrated that the main factor in the disturbance of tundra soils on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia—leading to...

Biogeochemical technologies for recultivation of disturbed soils in impacted polar ecosystems are considered in this chapter. Techniques for monitoring the effectiveness of recultivation of disturbed tundra soils of different granulometric composition by analyzing enzyme activity, as well as the relevant technique for assessing the effectiveness of...

This chapter discusses geoecological risks in the gas industry, where these risks can manifest in the form of accidents associated with destruction of structures and technical devices, and uncontrolled emissions and explosions of chemicals that lead to toxic effects and pollution of the environment, as well as disturbances of the soil and vegetatio...

This chapter considers the peculiarities of human exposure to chemicals in the gas industry, such as methane, hydrogen sulfide, gas condensate, methanol, surfactants, and natural gas combustion products in the forms of carbon and nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and benz(a)pyrene, as well as oil and heavy metals. It has been shown that the risk of...

Biogeochemical technologies for remediation and diagnosis of contaminated soils in impacted polar ecosystems are the topic of this chapter. These technologies are based on modeling and management of ecosystem biogeochemical cycles and are aimed at reclamation of these cycles when they are disturbed. The technique for control of purification of soil...

This chapter provides examples of geoecological risk management in the gas production company Gazprom dobycha Yamburg LLC, a subsidiary of PJSC Gazprom, which includes creation of regional and sectorial systems of environmental management in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug [District], Russia, as well as management of the risk of operation of gas...

This chapter is devoted to the theoretical bases of geoecological risk assessment in technogenic conditions, including the definition of geoecological risk as the probability of environmental degradation or transition to an unstable state mainly due to man-made impact, as well as assessment of the probability of the reverse impact of the transforme...

This monograph is devoted to full-scale geoecological risk assessment in gas industry impacted polar areas and the relevant risk management options using innovative nature-like biogeochemical technologies. Readers will discover more about geoecological risks during gas production, transportation, storage and refining. Chapters discuss in detail the...

This paper is devoted to assessing the gas industry impacts on surrounding tundra ecosystems. The relevant loading of pollutants emitted by production activity of gas company “Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg LLC” is accounted using both the retrospective pollutant emission database and field monitoring results. Perennial analyses of emitted pollutant loadi...

Study of fundamental mechanisms of biogeochemical cycles is resulted in the formation at the intersection of fundamental and applied researches a new field of research—biogeochemical engineering, within which is developing the biogeochemical innovative technologies, namely technologies and technological processes based on the modeling and managemen...

The article deals with evaluation of geo-environmental risks (GER) in the impacted zones of oil and gas industry in the Russian Arctic. Much attention is given to GER analysis concept using acidifying pollutant critical load (CL) methodology. It is described GER review concept algorithm for acid-forming deposition in areas affected by oil and gas i...

The paper shows that climate change (temperature fluctuations) on the Earth, caused by solar variations, is a cyclic natural process, which geochronologically accompanies periods of warming and cooling. At present another temperature decline is forecast. This is very important for gas production in the permafrost area of polar ecosystems since allo...

The methodologies of risk analysis and critical loads (CLs) have been used to assess the influence of anthropogenic emission of NOx on terrestrial ecosystems of the Yamal Peninsula in the impacted zone of Bovanenkovo gas condensate field (BGCF). Depending on dominant plant communities, the calculated values of CLs of nutrient nitrogen were equal in...

The article describes the methodological issues of using critical loads to assess environmental risks in the areas of gas production in the Arctic region. The threats and risks for terrestrial ecosystems owing to air pollution by nitrogen compounds as the result of technogenic NOx emission have been analyzed. The ecological situations in northern e...

Biogeochemical control of recultivation (fertility restoration) of disturbed tundra soils with various granulometric composition and full moisture capacity includes an assessment of application efficiency of peat in mixture with the disturbed soil. The rational peat:soil ratio is chosen depending on granulometric composition and full moisture capac...

This paper presents the editor’s introductory words for the set of chapters devoted to gas industry impacts on polar ecosystems and environmental risk management. Special attention is provided to developing biogeochemical technologies for managing pollution in these ecosystems.

On a basis of field monitoring of modern biogeochemical cycling in gas industry impacted areas was shown the absence of any strong remarkable alterations in studied biogeochemical system: surface waters-bottom sediments-plants. In the contrary, the paper results indicate very significant influence on the productivity of lichens and, in general, on...

The biogeochemical technology for cleaning of soil polluted by gas condensate and neutralization of its sludge by means of enzyme (catalase and dehydrogenase) activity analysis is considered. This technology includes selection of various samples (the soil of background uncontaminated site, biological means, the soil of site polluted by gas condensa...

Natural biogeochemical cycling in polar and tundra ecosystems is described. The review of literature and new data allow the author to show the approaches to biogeochemical cycling ranking in severe climate conditions based on active temperature coefficients.

This paper shows the specific reaction of biota to gas industry environmental pollution in tundra ecosystems, such as alteration of tree-ring size of Siberian larch, changes in biodiversity of plant components, and accumulation of biological elements (nitrogen and phosphorus) on biogeochemical barriers in plants in the impacted areas of facilities...

The paper results showed that in field studies in gas industry impacted tundra ecosystems the positive relationship between the level of atmospheric pollutants and the rate of emission as carbon dioxide and methane from zonal ecosystem has not been established. The values of fluxes of these greenhouse gases confirm the high spatial and temporal var...

The article is devoted to the issues of improving investment attractiveness of enterprises through the analysis of geo-ecological risk (GER) and ratings. The authors reveal the necessity of using these approaches, given contemporary investment climate in Russia. Special attention is paid to the environmental ratings as the elements of the system of...

The biogeochemical technology of recultivation of disturbed tundra soils includes the joint application of local peat and its potassium humate from the Taz peninsula (the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug). At the same time the potassium humate is produced from humic acids of local peat by consecutive decalcifying, extraction, sedimentation and clarif...

The article presents the results of evaluation of critical loads (CLs) of acidity and nutrient nitrogen for terrestrial ecosystems of the Yamal Peninsula, which is the region of largest gas fields in Russia. CLs calculation was carried out using SMB model widely applied for the calculation of CLs and their exceedances in the framework of the Conven...

The laboratory tests carried out in the conditions of in vitro experiment with new biological means of a soil cover remediation are considered as biogeochemical approaches for managing geoenvironmental risk of pollution by hydrocarbons—gas condensate and oil in various climatic zones, including tundra. For the assessing soil remediation efficiency...

Data acquired by monitoring modern biogeochemical cycles in tundra ecosystems in zones impacted by facilities of the gas industry indicate the absence of any perceptible changes in the system surface water–bottom sediments–soil–plants and show that the emitted nitrogen oxides beneficially affect productivity of the lichens and the functioning of th...

This edited book is devoted to one of the hottest topics of modern environmental science, i.e. environmental risk management in gas industry impacted polar ecosystems of Russia. The contributions from experts cover topics that shed new light on the impacts of oil and natural gas production on arctic ecosystems in the country as well as biogeochemic...

In this paper the main attention is paid to the proposed methodology of assessing polar marine ecosystem risks associated with industrial emissions. This approach allows to making both quantitative estimation of potential changes in the ecosystem condition and calculating the probability of their occurrence. It is also providing a detailed characte...

The article is devoted to the issues of environmental ratings as a factor of improving investment attractiveness of Russian oil and gas companies, operating in the Arctic. The authors disclose the need of using environmental rating for oil and gas industry in Russia. Particular attention is given to the issues of rating results of Environmental Res...

The article is devoted to the issues of geoecology and geopolitics in the Arctic. The authors discuss the importance of addressing both the geoenvironmental (GER) and geopolitical (GPR) risks related to industrial development of the Arctic territory. Particular attention is given to the issues of risk ratings for oil and gas companies’ activities i...

Recultivation of physically disturbed and coal polluted soils of the Island Bely (Kara Sea) is connected with using peat as the bioorganic fertilizer promoting restoration of the biogeochemical cycles of substances at the level of microbe populations which functioning is diagnosed through their biochemical activity. Efficiency of the soil recultiva...

Three new ecologically oriented biogeochemical technologies of reclamation of mechanically disturbed tundra soils of the territories of productive activity of the gas industry in conditions of the Far North are presented.In the first technology the local peat dose depending on a soil full moisture capacity is defined, in the second technology the p...

The ecological interactions in biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen were the aim of this paper. The evidence that a stable soil organic matter is preferably decomposed at high temperatures can be extremely important for predicting the impact of climate change on the carbon cycle in the Northern ecosystems. Two points are the mostimportant:...

The scientific substantiated innovative biogeochemical technology for recultivating disturbed soils of the Taz Peninsula (The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) in the impacted areas of Gazprom DobychaYamburg LLC is presented. High efficiency of this recultivation technology is confirmed by results of the biochemical analysis of various soils and pot...

In this paper ecological and biogeochemical footprints are shown for possible climate alterations in polar areas of the Yamal Peninsula, the Russian Federation. The relative content of soil nitrogen and carbon fractions of soil organic matter can be served as ecological footprints of regional climate changes. These soil organic matter values may gr...

This proposed and edited volume will be devoted to one of the most popular topics of modern ecological and environmental sciences. This book focuses on the alterations in ecological and biogeochemical cycling in impacted polar land and water ecosystems, where a significant part of natural gas and oil production is developing both in Russia and in m...

The examples and risks of the environmental pollution by methanol applied as the main inhibitor of hydrate formation in the gas industry in the Polar regions are reviewed, as well as toxic effects of methanol on human health are considered. Hygienic standards for control of environmental pollution by methanol are submitted. Various methods of utili...

The analysis, systematization and generalization of information concerning a problem of environmental protection against oil contamination are carried out. Examples of the most considerable emergency oil floods to soil and surface waters during its production andtransport are presented. The measures for a remediation of the surface waters polluted...

This paper presents the applicability of the method of 13C NMR spectroscopy to assess the preparations of humic substances isolated from peat in the gas industry impacted ecosystems. There were conducted extraction of humates from these peat samples and performed analytical work to identify the structures of isolated humatic compounds using modern...

This chapter is devoted to assessing the in situ emission of gases in tundra ecosystems using outdoor chambers with experimental elevated temperature and control plots. The rate of CO2 emissions is greatly increased due to warming and leads to a net loss of carbon from the “soilplant” system at elevated temperatures compared with normal temperature...

At the base of outdoor chamber method the effect of experimental elevated temperature on tundra ecosystem productivity was studied. Furthermore, using ¹⁵N techniques, it was found that higher vascular plants of tundra ecosystems, in contrast to more southern ecosystems, have developed an adaptive mechanism to the predominant absorption isnot nitrat...

The given paper was aimed to establish the spatial regularities of the heterogeneous distribution of reserves of different forms of nitrogen and carbon in soils of tundra ecosystems depending on the meso- and microrelief and depth in the soil profile. It was shown that at small scale, the temperature, of course, controls the dynamics of nitrogen in...

The activity of catalase and dehydrogenase enzymes was used as a tool for controlling reclamation process of physically disturbed soils of the Taz Peninsula (The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, north of West Siberia, Russia) in the impacted ecosystems of a gas production company. Regeneration of a vegetable cover as self-restoration of the disturbe...

This paper is aimed to consider simultaneous development of gas production, processing and transportation capacities in the areas of the priority significance, such as in the Polar Regions of Russia. It was shown that the only way is creating a single strategy – master plan (scheme) of sustainable development of the gas industry based on the system...