Uzoamaka Nwokorie

• University of Science, Art and Technology

Artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly permeated clinical domains, including reproductive medicine, where its applications span from gamete assessment to population-level epidemiology. The convergence of machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and computer vision has enabled novel diagnostic, predictive, and decision-su...

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are defined by their high levels of refined carbohydrates, unhealthy fats, artificial additives, and preservatives. These foods contribute to biological aging through mechanisms such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysfunction. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and disruptions in insulin signaling...

This review highlights the significant impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the hematological system, revealing complications such as thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, venous thromboembolism (VTE), and hemolytic anemia, which contribute notably to morbidity and mortality, especially in critically ill patients. The underlying mechanisms involve direct viral effect...

The placebo effect has notable implications for clinical practice and research, demonstrating its ability to enhance therapeutic outcomes through psychological and physiological mechanisms. Evidence shows that placebos can impact treatment responses by influencing patients’ expectations and mental states, with mechanisms including neurobiological c...

The review discusses the risks posed by conventional medical imaging methods, including radiation exposure, allergic reactions, and environmental contamination. It explores recent innovations, such as advanced modalities like photon-counting computed tomography (CT) scanners and ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, which provi...

Orthopoxviruses (OPXVs), belonging to the Poxviridae family, are large, double-stranded DNA viruses known for their zoonotic potential and impact on human and animal health. This review explores the transmission dynamics of OPXVs from animal hosts to humans and the underlying cellular pathophysiological mechanisms. Animal hosts such as rodents, pr...

This review discusses the significant health risks posed by exposure to environmentally toxic heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, and nickel. These metals can cause severe and sometimes irreversible damage to various organs and systems in the human body. Each metal has specific health impacts, including neurological diso...

Tinnitus, characterized by phantom auditory perceptions like ringing or buzzing, represents a complex interaction between auditory and neurological pathways. This review explores the significant role of environmental toxins—specifically organic solvents, pesticides, and heavy metals—in the pathogenesis of tinnitus. Organic solvents, pesticides, and...

The review discusses pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) as a multisystem disorder with diverse manifestations across dermatological, ophthalmological, and cardiovascular systems. It covers the primary dermatological signs, such as yellowish papular lesions and altered skin texture, typically in flexural areas. The review also addresses ophthalmological...

Entheogens, a class of psychoactive substances with profound cultural and religious significance, have been utilized for centuries across diverse traditions for healing, spiritual exploration, and communication with the divine. Their historical usage spans continents, from the pre-Columbian Americas to traditional African practices and Ayurvedic me...

Binaural refers to something relating to or involving both ears. When 2 sounds of slightly different frequencies are heard simultaneously by different ears, the brain combines these 2 signals and creates a binaural beat, perceived as a new, third sound. The effects of BB stimulation on the brain are considerably similar to those experienced during...

Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) is a multidisciplinary method for treating musculoskeletal conditions. Although several medical experts practice it, only those having experience in MUA research and accreditation in the technique are supposed to perform MUA procedures. MUA helps regain the optimum range of motion (ROM). It provides the intended...

The ability to laugh is a trait shared by all people; studies have shown a positive association between humor and general health. Both humor and laughter therapy, a cognitive-behavioral therapy, have demonstrated verifiable psychological and physical benefits in certain health aspects-given that it lowers blood levels of cortisol, epinephrine, grow...

Vaping is smoking with electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). These battery-powered devices help users emulate the smoking experience by inhaling and vaporizing fluid within the device. Although tobacco is not a component of e-cigarettes, nicotine can be present in the form of a liquid solution. Vaping has increased among teens and young adults in r...

The vertebral arteries, which supply blood to the brain's posterior circulation, are clinically most significant. A rupture in a major cervicocerebral artery causes blood to penetrate the arterial wall and divide its layers, resulting in stricture or aneurysmal dilation of the vessel. Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is of particular concern in th...

Studies on the physiology of different types of fat deposition have increasingly recognized adipocytes as an essential endocrine organ with numerous metabolic activities. Human fat consists of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT helps in energy storage, whereas BAT helps in energy consumption. Increased WAT levels may pla...

Pseudologica fantastica is also known as pathological lying or mythomania. It can be understood as a mental disorder with a compulsive urge to lie about situations that are either big or small. The frequency of lying varies depending on the scenario in which people are exposed. Every day, a human tells an average of 1.65 lies; however, most are lis...

Stem cells (SCs) are undifferentiated progenitor cells present in multicellular organisms. They have the remarkable capacity to proliferate and differentiate into a wide range of various types of specialized cells. SC treatment has emerged as a intriguing research topic and opportunity for new therapies. The phenomenal breakthrough in SC research h...

Insect ingestion by humans is a long-standing and widespread phenomenon that varies widely depending on local preferences for edible insects. Entomophagy, or eating insects as food, makes sense because it is nutrient-dense, long-lasting, and environmentally friendly. Furthermore, a growing population that will surpass current food production by 205...

Corn is the third most commonly consumed cereal grain worldwide. It is used to prepare a variety of traditional and modern human meals. Popcorn is a form of flint corn that pops when heated. It has been enjoyed for millennia and is one of the most popular snacks globally. Popcorn is rich in phytonutrients, minerals, and vitamins. Also, it is consid...

Honey is produced all over the world and contains small amounts of sugars, enzymes, amino acids, minerals, trace elements, vitamins, scent molecules, and polyphones. All generations and civilizations, ancient and modern, recognize it as food and medicine. Honey has been consumed in various ways, including a sugar substitute and flavoring ingredient...

The feeling of pain encompasses a range of mental and physical states, sharing the scale of mild annoyance to debilitation. Pain is the most common symptom reported to health care professionals. Psychological pain results from negative emotions induced by any feeling of loss. Physical pain is an aversive state that originates from an injury or dise...

Postpartum urinary incontinence (UI) is a common and significant concern, affecting approximately 30% of women within the first three months of delivery. Multiple variables, such as unique genitourinary structure, pregnancy, number and type of delivery, menopause, constipation, hypertension, diabetes, and body mass index (BMI), aggravate risk facto...

Spirulina is a cyanobacteria (blue-green alga) rich in vital nutrients, having tremendous potential as a "future food". The utility of algae is not limited to providing nutrition. Specific alga can perform the following functions: immunomodulator, anti-allergic, cleanses the body of toxins, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and abstergent (c...

Feeling is a fundamental aspect of behavioral, social-psychological, and neurobiological sciences, encompassing a range of experiences adapted subjectively by humans. Emotion forms the center of everyday human experiences. Behavior, physiological arousal, cognitive appraisal, motor expression, and subjective experiences are considered critical comp...

According to psychobiotic research expansion, the gut microbiome-a colony of more than 1000 species-is connected to brain health and state of mind. Historically, even though a variety of body parts and systems were linked to the nervous system in the nineteenth century, researchers began researching the gut, especially the stomach, calling it 'the...

Cannabis sativa is one of the first domesticated plants known to humankind for its numerous psychological, physical, and emotional benefits. Its first use was reported in 2600 BCE in Chinese Pharmacopoeias. Cannabis subspecies hemp and marijuana are widely studied extracts. It is a complex plant with specific constituents acting synergistically. Th...

The intricate interplay of the primary elements of the neurological, musculoskeletal, and cardiorespiratory systems underpins human gait. In elderly individuals, a preferred brisk walk is a strong indicator of overall health and quality of life (QoL). However, the physiology of walking is complicated. Thus, diagnosis of gait problems requires a tho...

Sound therapy is a revolutionary approach for medical treatment and prevention, transforming the current treatment landscape. The therapy is based on the notion of resonance. Typically, in homeostasis, electromagnetic fields-surrounding the body and all organs, cells, bones, tissues, and liquids-have a healthy a healthy vibratory frequency. Sound w...

Breathing is a fundamental activity of all living organisms and is necessary for life. Although breathing is a priority, greater than 90% of living organisms use less than 50% of their breathing capacity efficiently. How a person breathes affects the functions of their entire body. Breathing exercises are regularly recommended to maintain mental pe...

Psychedelics are regarded as mind-revealing drugs. They are considered a group of substances that act on serotonergic receptors (serotonin5-HT) and, thus, are also known as serotonergic hallucinogens. The origin of these drugs or substances dates back to various ritual beliefs and cultural practices. Current research has explored and highlighted th...

The nutritional and health benefits of Spirulina have been known for thousands of years. Spirulina has been grown and harvested by ancient cultures since written history, and likely before. Much anecdotal evidence has been put forth, and more recently, evidence-based scientific research confirms many of Spriluina's nutritional and health benefits....

The research and application for treatment determination and monitoring of biomarkers in hormone replacement therapy is a comparably novel domain. Currently, regulations are limited and insufficient, but are evolving. Nevertheless, there is decisive anticipation of what future biomarker research will reveal and apply more specifically to negative s...

Humans primarily consume microalgal products due to their nutritional and immunostimulatory properties. However, these products may not benefit all persons since specific microalgae may not be compatible with all humans. While consuming micro-algal products in autoimmune diseases and their coadministration with drugs (anticoagulants, hypoglycemics,...

In contemporary times, herbal medicine is used as an adjunct to conventional therapy and for health promotion. Herbs that have long been considered curative or prophylactic should be further studied in clinical trials. Can these time-tested natural therapies be used and trusted in exceptional circumstances, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic? Tr...

Star anise belongs to the Schisandraceae family. About 166 varieties exist, and 42 species are grown in the tropics of East Asia and Southeast Asia. Many beneficial effects of star anise have been established, including ameliorating the symptoms of rheumatism and joint pain, warding off insects (insect repellant), lessening cold and flu symptoms, a...

The heart is extensively supplied with nerves of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). These nerves allow the brain to have neural control of vital cardiac activity. The sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of ANS act antagonistically to regulate the mechanical and physiological functions of the heart, atrial and ventricular contractions, heartbe...

Nicotine in tobacco increases dopamine release, which boosts mood and provides a sense of stress release. However, tobacco's availability in numerous forms for consumption makes it difficult to control addiction-even after programs promoting the awareness of its harm to people, society, and the economy. The influence of family and friends is consid...

Inguinal hernia is frequently diagnosed by clinical exam. Imaging tests are recommended in the absence of definitive signs or associated symptoms that indicate complications. Ultrasonography (US) is the most common method used for examination of the various types of hernias. Inguinal hernias are the most prevalent type of hernia. US (grayscale or c...

The human pineal gland is considered as a "type A" organ, meaning it lies proximal to the third ventricle. It is principally comprised of two cell types: pinealocytes, which make up most of the gland (85-90%), and glial cells (mostly astrocytes). The gland is relatively small in < 2-year-old children. Moreover, its size does not significantly chang...

The anthropological aspect of food studies is a fascinating segment of food science. The modern-day food study comprises the culinary arts, nutrition, gastronomy, and more. Anthropologists seek to know the food habits of human ancestors and the evolutionary transformations that occurred in the human diet. Different schools of thought exist regardin...

Although the term "nuclear medicine" sounds contemporary, its exact history and study of uses date to the late 19 th century. Nuclear medicine is a noninvasive, multidisciplinary technique involving radiopharmaceuticals and instrumentation to examine physiological functions and diagnose, stage, and treat diseases. The World Health Organization desi...

Child abuse and neglect are significant public health issues with adverse consequences that can carry over into adulthood, affecting the child's physical, psychological, and emotional development. Approximately 25% of all children confront some form of abuse or neglect during their life. Any violation of a child (a minor-under 18 years of age) by a...

Clinical nutrition is a medical discipline defined as the study of food nutrients and their application in healthcare for managing diseases, affecting the absorption and metabolism of nutrients. Any nutritional measure, preventive or curative, targeting individual patients, is considered is clinical nutrition. Clinical nutrition plays a vital role...

Takotsubo syndrome (TS) can be fatal due to its associated complications. Moreover, at this time, studies on the long-term prognosis after surviving the initial TS episode are inconclusive. There seem to be no differences based on age or gender. A significantly lower survival at 3 years was noted compared to the general population. It has been repo...

At present, various types of mind-body medicine (MBM) interventions are employed. Some of the most prevalent methods include autogenic therapy, biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral therapy, guided imagery, hypnotherapy, meditation, relaxation techniques, spiritual dynamics, support groups, visualization, and yoga. Arthritis, anxiety, bronchial asthma,...

Psychological disorders are various in their causes and manifestations. Due to exhaustive efforts, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5 th Edition (DSM-V) developed operational definitions of distinct psychological conditions, disorders, determining specific criteria for their diagnoses and treatments. The World Health Organ...

Functional medicine (FM) at its incipience proposed that patient symptoms should be separated and explicitly approached for more effective treatment results. This theory was in contrast to the accepted medical practice of the 1970s and 1980s in the US and elsewhere. FM's premise resulted in functional evaluations at the organ, tissue, and cellular...

Lyme disease was first identified in the late 1970s by a consortium of scientists investigating individuals residing in Old Lyme, Connecticut (in the Northeastern U.S.) who experienced symptoms of unknown origin. The scientists from Yale School of Medicine and the Connecticut State Department of Health discovered that a tick bite caused the patient...

Zygapophyseal joints (Z-joints) of the spine are vital for human movement, particularly postero-lateral movements (such as flex-ion, extension, and rotation) while contributing stability to the spine. However, when compromised, Z-joints can become sources of mild to severe and unrelenting pain. Various factors, such as aging, trauma, gender, facet...

Neurolinguistic programming (NLP) is a psychotherapeutic approach, applying understanding and reformation of thinking and behavior in specific psychological and physical conditions. NLP differs from psychotherapies, such as hypnotherapy, counseling, and cognitive-behavioral therapy, in that NLP aims to alter the underlying thought pattern, eliminat...

The Rh Factor in Humans: Beyond Blood Compatibility; Examining Associations with Helicobacter pylori, Norovirus, Cholera, Malaria, Cardiovascular Disease, and COVID-19 The term "Rhesus factor" was put forth by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Wiener in 1937. The serum of rabbits and guinea pigs agglutinated 85% of the human samples following the i...

Impeded compliance in the respiratory system and diminished oxygenation are signs of atelectasis. Although not thoroughly explained, several mechanisms resulting in atelectasis are commonly held: compression, alveolar gas resorption, and surfactant impairment. Various and diverse factors contribute to or effect atelectasis, such as introducing FiO2...

Acute and chronic pain management is demanding for many healthcare professionals and their patients. Patients need relief. However, physicians must balance the therapeutic benefits of such therapy with the potential or actual adverse effects, including drug dependence, overdose and unintended death. The opioid crisis has reached epidemic proportion...

5G communication elicits radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, which will compound those being emitted by 2G, 3G and 4G, proving potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields stimulate and conduce cancers in humans. Also, radiofrequency electromagnetic fields pose risks to the eyes, skin, reproductive and...

C. difficile infection (CDI) is distinctly associated with antibiotic use and the foremost cause of healthcare-associated infective diarrhea. The bacterial spores are primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Worldwide, CDI affects about 8/100,000 individuals each year; the hospitalized population affected is about 4–8/1000 people), causi...

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in middle-aged and older men. BPH is the most prevalent non-malignant urological disorder. Nearly three hundred years ago, an enlarged prostate was recognized to cause urinary retention. LUTS include inconsistent urine flow, partial or complete urine r...

In some scientific circles, the current time is referred to as the "post-antibiotic era" due to several multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Thus, there is an immediate need for novel medicines and alternative therapies. Phages are the most abundant and ubiquitous organisms in the ecosystem. Phage therapy has shown promise as a therapeutic app...

The relationship between the brain and heart has been suspected and alluded to for several millennia. More recently, studies have associated low cardiac functioning with a decline in cognitive ability and established a link between vascular risk determinants and dementia. Cognitive function is dependent on several factors, which affect hemodynamic...

Superficial fungal infections affect greater than 20% of the global population. Only a few hundred (of the millions of fungi species) are capable of causing human infections. Moreover, superficial infections respond well to various over-the-counter products. However , resistance to specific anti-fungal medicines is developing. The skin surface is a...

Maternal cigarette smoking can not only adversely affect fetal development but also infant development. It is a risk factor for infant low birth rate, preterm birth, failure to reach fetal milestones, and can perniciously result in abnormal fetal thyroid and lung development, causing abnormal heart rate and respiratory infections and asthma, respec...

Adderall, as a drug combination, is medically-approved for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and nar-colepsy. The active ingredients of Adderall are central nervous system stimulants, affecting neurotransmitters and promoting the synthesis of specific neuropeptides. Pharmacological effects include increased physical energy, i...

Intraocular pressure (IOP) tends to increase during and after intraocular lens (IOL) replacement surgery, a common procedure for cataracts. There are varied risk factors in IOP-rise following IOL replacement surgery, including preoperative condition, devices, procedures , physician/surgeon-experience, anatomical variables, and pre-, peri-, and post...

It has been 100 years since hypertension was designated as a clinical condition, which resulted in the pursuit of contributing causes and treatment options. Controlling high blood pressure in patients has proved a daunting task: patient compliance with requisite lifestyle modifications and medicines. Many hypertensive patients report that medicines...

Chiari malformation results in the downward displacement of the brain stem and cerebellum into the cervical portion of the spinal cord. There are four fundamental types of Chiari malformations (CM-I, CM-II, CM-III, and CM-IV) with variants (Chiari type 1.5 and 3.5), depending on the severity of the anatomical distortions and CSF blockage. Symptoms...

Fullerene, a carbon-based material, is being beneficially applied in nanotechnology on a limited but expanding basis. Some advantages of fullerene are its ability to react with nucleophiles and undergo various chemical reactions, such as reduction, oxidation, hydrogenation and halogenation. Some disadvantages of fullerene are its susceptibility to...

Fullerene derivatives have select properties that have attracted investigation regarding applications in medicine. For the most part, they have demonstrated high biocompatibility and low toxicity in humans and animals. They have shown antimicrobial, antivi-ral, and antioxidant properties, and act as an ROS-scavenger. Specific fullerene derivatives...

Fullerene derivatives-most most notably Carbon 60 (C 60)-have been investigated for their beneficial applications in humans. Fullerene, as a super antioxidant, protects cells from the harmful effects of free radicals. They may assist in weight loss, strengthen the immune system, improve the signs of aging, increase longevity, augment sports perform...

Ratiocination is the process of logical reasoning or rational thought. Algebra is crucial in developing and enhancing logical thinking. It is applied in various disciplines to solve specific problems by seeking logical solutions and conclusions. Algebra is used extensively in the business and financial sectors. It is also widely used in the fields...

Postpartum depression (PPD) can result in insomnia, crying spells, anxiety, fatigue, poor concentration, and depressed mood. Further symptoms of PPD may include anxiety and thoughts of harming the baby. It is estimated that 10-15% of women suffer from some form of PPD, mild, moderate, or severe. PPD disrupts the normal and healthy bonding between m...

Negative stereotypes and stigmas can adversely affect a person in their workplace, career, and family and social lives. Stereotypes and stigmas can have a damaging effect on a mental health patient’s well-being. Moreover, these adverse affects can impact, cause, or exacerbate a mental health condition. Thus, psychiatrists, psychologists, and other...

Two of the most consequential challenges facing an overweight, obese, diabetic, or metabolic syndrome (MetS) patient are dietary and lifestyle changes. For those patients that regularly consume chocolate or "chocoholics", physicians and healthcare providers should consider dark chocolate as a practical replacement in overweight, obese, diabetic and...

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is prevalent in 10-20% of hospitalized patients, while trauma patients have a significantly higher prevalence at 31-70%. However, the AUD-patient often goes undetected in an emergency or intensive care setting. Nonetheless, the early identification of AUD-patients can significantly reduce the risks associated with alcohol...

Adaptogen is a term used for specific substances that increase the body's resistance to nonspecific stress. Adaptogens contribute to a biochemical change in an organism that generates a more effective response than the body might exhibit without them. Noted Soviet researcher, Nikolai V. Lazarev described an adaptogen as "an agent that allows an org...

Overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are significant risk factors in developing cardiovascular disease. It would be time-consuming and a substantial undertaking for most healthcare practitioners (or medical students or residents), to read or review numerous articles to investigate the hallmarks of obesity and the obesity epidemic as they rel...

Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) is a common disorder which is characterized by the occurrence of nausea and vomiting that typically lasts for 1 - 5 days followed by asymptomatic periods [1]. The etiology of CVS is unknown, however it has been related to various other associations such as menses (catamenial CVS), migraine headaches, diabetes mellitus...

Antibiotic therapy was revolutionized by the treatment of bacterial infections with penicillin during the turn of the 19th century. In the evolution of antibiotics scientists have consistently and expeditiously discovered new drugs to keep up with market demands. The increasing market demand has been driven by the changing morphological cellular me...

Keywords: Iron Deficiency Anemia; Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia; Helicobacter Pylori Infection; Paediatric Patients The increase in the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in the paediatric population, who otherwise have an adequate nutritional intake, is of great concern. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major cause of gastritis, peptic...

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common health problem in the United States involving multiple organ damage. Currently, bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the only curative therapy. Until recently, BMT has not been considered for adults with SCD because of their inability to tolerate the toxicity of intensive conditioning regimens as a result of lo...