Uthappa A R

ICAR- Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute · National Resource Management

Agroforestry, growing of multipurpose trees along with agricultural crops has been considered as a panacea for maladies of intensive agriculture. It is considered as is one of the key paths towards the prosperity of small and marginal farmers facing the challenges of low and uncertain yields, deterioration of the soil and environmental resources an...

The present investigation was carried out at old site of Agroforestry Research Centre, Patharchatta, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, during 2010-11 to study the effect of tree densities on soil physico-biochemical properties under ten year old poplar based agrisilviculture system. Poplar tree density classes showed si...

Productivity of any vegetation system mainly depends on biomass production and carbon storage potential in their different components, which are affected by nature and age of plant, and other climatic, edaphic, topographic and biotic factors. In different vegetation systems, the bole/stem biomass contributed 28 to 86% of total aboveground biomass....

Microclimate being a crucial and challenging issue for the growth, survivability and ecological relevance of understory crops in agroforestry system, major aim of the present study was to determine that how the microenvironment was modulated by the canopies of different genotypes of a same tree species. Field experiments were conducted at Central A...

Agroforestry or growing trees in combination with agricultural crops is an age-old practice, especially in Asia and Africa. India, today, stands at the forefront of global efforts in promoting research and education in agroforestry. Agroforestry systems, in addition to the economic and other benefits, also provide environmental services leading to...

Carbon Sequestration Potential of Commercial Agroforestry Systems in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India: Poplar and Eucalyptus-Based Agroforestry Systems. Forests 2023, 14, 559. https://doi.org/10.3390/ f14030559 Academic Editors: Valery Abstract: Climate change, land degradation, and desertification lead to the loss of carbon present in the soil and pl...

Land degradation is one of the most important factors responsible for the alarming situation of food security, human health, and socioeconomic development in the country. Currently, 120.7 M ha of land in the country is affected by land degradation, out of which 85.7 M ha of land is affected by soil erosion caused by water and wind. Moreover, physic...

Agroforestry integrates woody perennials with arable crops, livestock, or fodder in the same piece of land, promoting the more efficient utilization of resources as compared to monocropping via the structural and functional diversification of components. This integration of trees provides various soil-related ecological services such as fertility e...

Training Lecture Notes on Diversification of Coastal Agroecosystems for Climate Resilience and Livelihood Security

Agroforestry is a sustainable and efficient land management system deliberately combining crops, trees and sometimes livestock. Agroforestry is an age-old practice that has recently evolved as a scientific discipline to address the issues of land degradation, poverty and climate change in addition to the primary function of addressing the livelihoo...

Any ecosystem offers several goods and services to human beings. Ecosystem services are broadly categorized as Provisioning Services, Regulatory services, Cultural services, and Supporting services. Provisioning services include the food, vegetables, fruits, wood, and livestock which are the direct products of ecosystems. Regulatory services includ...

Now days agroforestry, a tree-based system involving trees or palms or bamboos along with agricultural crops, fodder and livestock, is gaining attention due to its carbon sequestration potential. Various agroforestry system sequesters varied amounts of carbon depending on composition, climate and soil. Although several studies discussed various c...

Soil quality is a function of physical, chemical and biological properties. Soil arthropods play an important role in maintaining and sustaining soil health and ecosystem productivity. Acari, collembolan, symphyla, millipedes, termites and ants are the main organisms involved in decomposition, comminution, activation of microbial activities, biotur...

Melia dubia is an indigenous, fast-growing and most favoured tree species, being promoted as an alternative to many exotic industrial tree species in India. It is amenable for pulp, pencil, packaging and plywood production. It has been widely cultivated by farmers in the southern states and to some extent in the central and North Indian states. It...

Abiotic stresses such as drought, waterlogging, salinity, low or high temperatures and environmental extremes are the primary causes of crop loss. Occurance and frequrecy of these stresses are increasing with climate change. Inclusion of trees in agricultural land is considered as as one of the effective strategies to manage the abotic stresses. As...

Agroforestry is an intentional integration of trees on farmland. Globally, it is practised by 1.2 billion people on 10 per cent area of total agricultural lands (over 1 billion hectares). It is widely popular as ‘a low hanging fruit’ due to its multifarious tangible and intangible benefits. A panacea for global issues such as climate change, land...

Tribals account for 8.65 % of the total population of India and nearly 50 million people are dependent on non-timber forest products (NTFPs). Trees in agro-ecosystems provide several products like gum, resins, flosses, fodder, fibre, fruits, brooms, etc. Many researchers around the world have highlighted the importance of trees or forests in NTFPs....

For the estimation of genetic diversity and population structure, 23 accessions of Leucaena leucocephala were characterized using morphological and molecular markers. A medium to high degree of genetic variability was calculated among these accessions based on eight quantitative traits. Furthermore, a cluster analysis based on morphological charact...

Grewia flavescens Juss. is an underutilised fruit species found throughout semi-arid and sub-humid parts of the world including India. For the first time, an attempt was made to study the role of different flower visitors on fruit set of G. flavescens. We have recorded different floral visitors, activity patterns, foraging behavior and their role i...

Pongamia pinnata, is an important biodiesel plant in India. The seed is an economic part of the plant used for extraction of biodiesel. The reproductive biology of P. pinnata is important for determining barriers in setting pods. The study has been carried out at Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, India, during 2017–2019. The observat...

Present study was carried out to assess the effect of growing media and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) inoculation on growth of Leucaena leucocephala under nursery conditions. The study consisted of six different growing media viz., T1-soil (1), T2-soil + sand (2:1), T3-soil + vermicompost (2:1), T4-soil + perlite (2:1), T5-soil + sand + vermico...

Extension leaflet is highlights the compiled information of package and practices of mahau cultivation in local Hindi language. In Bundelkhand, Mahua is a lifeline for local people, they collect flowers and seeds for the sustenance of livelihood.

The practice of harnessing benefits of agroforestry (AF) system is age old, but its adoption for other than the traditional benefits is quite evident now a days. The perceived benefits in terms of climate change mitigation by sequestering carbon in long lived pools are being explored by the researchers around the world. Integration of agroforestry...

Incidence of gall weevil, Pachyonyx quadridens Chev. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Butea monosperma in Bundelkhand region of India.

Butea monosperma (Palash) is a source of several Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). Several insect pests have been reported on B.monosperma.In recent years, gall weevil P. quadridens has been observed as common pest threatening to the Palash in the Bundelkhand region.The study was conducted at ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi r...

Developing countries mostly rely on agriculture for rural livelihood and food security. Nevertheless, these countries have maximum vulnerability for agricultural production system due to increased population and climate change. On the other hand, land degradation exacerbates the productivity decline. In present scenario, the goal of sustainable dev...

The seeds of Albizia lebbeck have been observed to exhibit physical dormancy due to presence of hard seed-coat. To overcome this problem, the seeds were subjected to seven pre-sowing treatments viz., T 1-immersion of seeds in cold water for 12 h; T 2-immersion of seeds in cold water for 24 h; T 3-immersion of seeds in hot water (100 °C) and subsequ...

An experiment was conducted to study the suitability of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi for inoculation of four Leucaena species, namely L. collinsii, L. shannoni, L. diversifolia and L. leucocephala for assessing their effect on growth and seedling quality index (SQI) at nursery stage. Study consisted of three mycorrhizal treatments (Acaulospora...

Microclimate plays significant role in agroforestry systems. Present study was undertaken to understand the microclimate modification through light, canopy temperature and moisture under tree canopy of Prosopis cineraria (khejri) for understorey cactus pear in the arid ecosystems of western Rajasthan. Suberization treatment of cladode recorded maxi...

Ravines are the worst form of land degradation and characterized by edaphic, topographic, and climatic adversities. Due to unregulated and overexploitation, the forest areas under ravines are facing severe threats of losing biodiversity. Biodiversity of an area determines the health of the ecosystem. The degraded ravine ecosystem also harbors rich...

The importance of different tree management practices on agroforestry systems' overall productivity is well documented for overall higher yield. Traditional agroforestry systems in India manage trees for fuelwood, fodder, fibre and other household needs for which these trees are lopped or pollarded by the farmers according to their needs. The purpo...

The current shift in agroforestry practices from multi species to monoculture has brought drastic changes in the tree based ecosystem and exposed these systems to greater risks of pest epidemics, as natural regulatory factors fail to operate in this system. D. sissoo is an important multipurpose tree species which yields timber, fodder, fuel wood a...

Phoenix is the Latin term for the Greek word that means "date palm" (Newton et al., 2013). The species name sylvestris, translates from the Latin term for "of the forest". It belongs to the 'palmae' family. An unbranched, erect, tall dioecious, evergreen tree, 4 to 8 m in height with large persistentleaves in a terminal tuft; stem clothed with...

Agriculture in Bundelkhand is mostly dependent on rainfall, hence very difficult to sustain farm income. Agroforestry is multipronged approach, which can reduce the risk in agriculture arising due to resource degradation and climate change (Tewari et al., 2016). Integration of trees with CA practices could overcome the constraints of CA and can inc...

Grewia flavescens is a fruit species found throughout semi-arid and sub-humid parts of the world including India. In contemporary era, emphasis on food supply, market value and medicinal utility of underutilized crops made this fruit species suitable for commercial cultivation. The present study was the first attempt made to study the floral biolog...

Agroforestry is a climate smart practice of purposeful growing of trees and crops, and/or animals, in interacting combinations, for a range of benefits and services. Agroforestry systems may serve as both a source and a sink of reactive N, depending on tree-crop combinations and its management practices. Potential agroforestry systems can maintain...

A perception based study was conducted in Western Himalaya with the aim to document the indigenous knowledge of people on utilization and maintenance of cultural significance of useful agroforestry tree species by smallholders on their farmlands. Trees on farm are a promising alternative, and considered as one of the option to improve livelihood se...

Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. is a legume tree in the genus Seabania which is known as agathe or humming bird tree. It is used as fodder in humid tropical and subtropical regions particularly in dry seasons. It is fast growing MPTs, perennial, deciduous or evergreen which grows up to 15 metre high. The leaves are pruned regularly and fed to cattl...

Wood quality is an important factor considering the end users requirement. However, the traditional selection process which emphasizes mainly on growth traits may have negative effect on wood quality parameters. Wood density is an important attribute which is positively correlated with many wood quality parameters. The inclusion of wood density int...

Over the past two decades climate change has evolved from a debate about whether the planet is really warming to an increased focus on how to mitigate and adapt to its impacts. After an extensive review of the available literature on evidence of climate change, the Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC, 2007 concluded that “th...

Trees have been a part of life for centuries in India for sustainable livelihood security. Under the difficult climatic situations, farmers are forced to adopt tree-based systems to secure their income and livelihood. Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) harvesting, collection and processing are creating several employment opportunities in the drough...

Bundelkhand Region of Central India is the most backward and downtrodden region of India. Water is a scarce natural resource. The average rainfall is less than the national average, i.e. 800-900mm. A once food secure zone has now become a symbol of insecurity and migration due to climate change. The industrial trees such as Tectona grandis, Eucalyp...

Agroforestry is emerging as an important land use system for integrated natural resource management and for addressing wide range of issues such as soil degradation, biodiversity conservation and climate change. Apart from a profit oriented approach and technology, it is the need of the hour to focus on ecosystem services in agroforestry. Present a...

A field experiment was initiated during kharif 2014 at Central Research Farm of ICAR- Central Agroforestry Research I nstitute (CAFRI), Jhansi (U.P.), India. Data on kharif crops (blackgram and greengram) of 2014 and 2015 are presented in paper from the ongoing experiment. During second year of experimentation bael has attained the average height o...

Domestic biomass energy demand and crisis is negative relationship with the countries forest area. However, the huge tract of wasteland and degraded forest must be planted with trees of suitable firewood properties to reduce the degradation of forest. To enable choice of species for such energy plantations in the Central India, a study was conducte...

Ravines and gullies are distributed over 3.98 m ha area in India and mainly found in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and parts of Rajasthan. The ravines occur along the river Yamuna, Ken, Gomati and Kholas in Uttar Pradesh and along the river Chambal, Essen, Kalishindh, Betwa and Kshipra in Madhya Pradesh. The climate, topography, and soils of the r...

Since time immemorial agroforestry has been a traditional practice of land management in India. However, its importance has been realized in recent past, particularly in rainfed areas of the country for mitigating the effect of aberrant weather situation. At present about 60 % cropped area of the country is rainfed, where the yield levels are highl...

Butea monosperma (Lam) is commonly called Dak, Palash, in Hindi. It has a sobriquet - Flame of the forest, when it is in full bloom it appears as if the forest has been set ablaze. It is a tree with a purpose. Every part of the tree is valuable. The tree is deciduous in nature. The stem is crooked. It is slow growing and grows up to 15 meters. Poll...

The ravine areas are most fragile ecosystem and subjected to various kinds of natural resource losses and threat to biodiversity. Due to unregulated and over exploitation, the forest area under ravines are facing severe threats of losing biodiversity. In this context, a study was conducted to assess the tree diversity of ravine areas in different p...

Agroforestry research in an organized research started worldwide about 30 years ago. At present agroforestry has received much attention in India from researchers, policymakers and farmers. Agroforestry having ability to contribute significantly for improving economic growth, poverty alleviation and environmental security, that is the reason today...

Continuous drought, declining health of forest and shrinking common grazing lands, increasing pressure of livestock for grazing and overall societal development threaten the sustainability of forest resources and water supply in Bundelkhand region. The restoration treatment of forest is imperative for sustainable supply of forested ecosystem servic...

Introduction During the 1970s and 1980s, Leucaena was known as the " miracle tree " native to Central America and Mexico, because of its worldwide success as a long-lived and highly nutritious forage tree. It is estimated to cover 2-5 million ha area worldwide. The genus Leucaena is one of the most widely grown tropical fodder trees and is the subj...

The genetic variability studies in Acacia nilotica shows differences among the candidate plus tree selections for all traits contributing to the fodder yield i.e., tree height and canopy diameter. The diversity analysis indicates that the plus tree selections from Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan have large variation both within and betwee...

Trees has been considered as the best insurance to cope up with different climate change scenarios. Now, insurance companies have come forward to ensure that the best bet technology is also insured. This article talks about the inception, need and different tree insurance policies available in India.

net importer of oil seeds. With 13% gross cropped area, 3% of gross national product and 10% value of all agricultural commodities, it has hit a new record of vegetable oil import in 2014 (12.3 million t) i.e., 6% more import due to continuously high demand of oilseeds. With limited scope of bringing additional area under oilseeds, increase in oils...

India being the largest in area and production of oilseeds (20% of the net sown area) it is a net importer of oilseeds. With 13% gross cropped area, 3% of gross national product and 10% value of all agricultural commodities, it has hit a new record of vegetable oil import in 2014 (12.3 million t) i.e., 6% more import due to continued high demand of...

PACKAGE OF PRACTICE for Some Important TBOs