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55
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Introduction
Ulrich Loening works at home, retired from research in Molecular Biology. He is now engaged with Philosophy of Science and 'Human Ecology'.
Additional affiliations
October 1984 - October 1996
Position
- Manager
Description
- The Centre for Human Ecology was a non-Faculty body, which later joined the Faculty of Scince in order to give an MSc course. (The School of Geosciences was founded later, and would nnow be its natural home)
October 1969 - October 1989
Position
- Retired
Description
- This position followed 10 years in the Dept of Botany
July 1966 - September 1966
Publications
Publications (55)
Human societies have developed by overcoming the constraints of nature. The result is population growth that will exceed,
and probably has already exceeded, the carrying capacity—it is the most dramatic period in the history of the planet. It is
not only growth, but existing numbers and their demands, that destroy the ecological basis. The obligati...
A [pub;llic lecture for the College of Human Ecology Summer school in 2016 in Emmendingen, Germany. This outlines how scince developed, especually in agriculture, and launches the idea of 'convivial science''College
The challenge of maximising agricultural productivity encourages growers to apply high volumes of nitrogen (N) fertilisers and pesticides in order to promote and protect yields. Despite these inputs, pests and pathogens (P&Ps) continue to cause economic losses and challenge food security at local, national, and global scales. P&Ps are a particular...
Based on experimental data from laboratory and field, numerous authors have raised concern that exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) may pre-dispose crops to damage by microbial pathogens. In this review, we distinguish and evaluate two principal pathways by which GBHs may affect the susceptibility of crops to disease: pathway 1—via disru...
The history of the Sciecne of agriculture suggests that a new scietnific approach is needed. Thei is disccussed, wider implication mentioned, and conclude the a name for a new approach would be "Convivial Science" This was a public ecture given at the summers school in Emmendingen of the proposed College of Human Ecology.
This paper reviews the many criticisms of the publication by Seralini et al (2012) which has led to so much controversy, was retracted and then republished in this journal. Seralini et al found that a GM maize and its associated herbicide Roundup resulted in numerous chronic abnormalities in rats. The vehemence of the critics is not matched by thei...
The 5′-ends of 18-S, 28-S and 40-S RNA from Xenopus laevis have been studied by two techniques. The first involves fractionation of alkaline hydrolysates on columns of DEAE-Sephadex at pH 7.8 and 2.7, followed by thin-layer chromatography on polyethyleneimine cellulose. The second involves labelling in vitro of the RNA species at the 5′-end using p...
Dr Ulrich Loening is a molecular biologist. In the Departments of Botany and then Zoology in the University of Edinburgh, he developed gel eletrophoresis for analysing RNA in detail and used this to study the progress of RNA molecules from the cell nucleus and its processing and transport to the cytoplasm. This work also showed how bacterial riboso...
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Compares human with natural activities and the challenge that is now emerging for humanity to link the two in sustainable development policy. Looks at ways forward towards sustainability by examining ecologically sensitive paths for survival. -Author
Important Prospect: Ninth Commonwealth Conference on Human Ecology: ‘Human Ecology, Sustainable Development, and Education’, to be held in the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, during 19–23 July 1989 - Volume 16 Issue 1 - Ulrich E. Loening
Third International Conference on Environmental Future: Maintenance of The Biosphere - Volume 14 Issue 2 - Ulrich E. Loening, Nicholas Polunin
International Conferences on Environmental Future - Volume 14 Issue 1 - Nicholas Polunin, Ulrich E. Loening
Over the last century or two, mankind has had and is continuing to have a greater effect on the planet than ever before in history, or even in the history of life, ff that seems to be too sweeping a statement, one need only look at the catastrophic loss of the tropical rain forests, which is rapidly bringing to an end the long evolution of the rich...
This is a summary report of the meeting in Salamanca, mispelt in hte Nature news.
Nucleoli isolated from rat liver were incubated for synthesis of RNA in vitro in the presence or absence of S-adenosyl [3H] methionine. The results obtained indicate that neither the rate of RNA synthesis not the processing of pre-ribosomal RNA was changed if methylation was allowed to take place. The methylation process acts on the RNA most recent...
The 23S rRNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens contains at least two nicks which result in the formation of RNA components with mol.wts. of 0.52 X 10(6) and 0.48 X 10(6). Thus under the usual conditions of extraction and analysis, no 23S rRNA was recovered from the bacterium. The experiments show that 23S rRNA is synthesized as a continuous chain, in wh...
WE wish to propose an explanation for the heterogeneity shown1 by ribosomal precursor RNAs on gel electrophoresis. The clearest demonstration of this phenomenon is shown in Fig. 1. 32P-labelled RNA was eluted from single gel slices taken across the peak, and rerun in the presence of 3H-labelled marker. The 32P-RNA samples run in their original posi...
Explants of Jerusalem artichoke tuber tissue were cultured in nutrient medium with the hormone, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. After a lag period, 90 per cent of the cells divided synchronously. During the first two cell cycles, the rate of ribosomal RNA synthesis increased sharply in two steps; before the onset of DNA synthesis for the first divi...
1Gel electrophoresis of pulse-labelled RNA from leaves reveals a number of radioactive RNA peaks above the background of polydisperse RNA. One of these peaks is apparently heterogeneous and has a molecular weight (Mr) range from 2.9–2.4 × 106. Individual peaks with Mr= 1.45, 1.0 and 0.48 × 106 are also detected. In young leaves the major peak of ra...
Evidence is presented to show that an alkaline hydrolysis product from 40-S and 28-S RNA of Xenopus laevis is a tetranucleotide containing three adjacent 2′-O-methylations.
This is the longest such sequence yet reported and is believed to be Gm-Am-Am-Ap.
A simple method is described for the characterisation and assay of messenger RNAs which contain polyadenylic acid sequences. Total RNA is mixed with radioactive polyuridylic acid or polythymidylic acid, which bind to polyadenylic acid sequences. When the mixture is fractionated by gel electrophoresis or sedimentation, the radioactivity profile then...
Aspects of the structure of rRNA in eukaryotes that illustrate the extent to which different regions of the molecules have diverged in evolution are discussed. The frequent presence of hidden breaks near the center of the 28S rRNA is described and a tentative suggestion made that the 28S rRNA evolved from a dimer of 18S rRNA. The relationship betwe...
Fig. 1 Proposed steps of processing of the pre-rRNA in mung bean leaves.
1.1. During the preparation of pea root microsomes, between 5 % and 15 % of their RNA is degraded at labile regions. Six cleavage products were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Their origins were deduced by identifying the RNA components of separated ribosomal subunits.2.2. 0.70 · 106 (18-S) ribosomal RNA is particularly unstable at...
A high molecular weight, rapidly-labelled ribosomal RNA precursor in the pearoot tip and in artichoke-tuber tissue is described. It has a molecular weight, determined by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, of about 2.3 × 106 daltons. The pea precursor RNA consists of two components which can just be distinguished by gel electrophoresis, whereas tha...
Excerpt
The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) provides at present the only system in higher organisms in which the activity of a gene and its product can be studied directly. It is the only case in which a gene of known function can be isolated (Birnstiel et al., 1966), the behavior of the corresponding chromosomal region can be studied cytological...
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyse the rapidly labelled RNA in Xenopus laevis cultured kidney cells. The ribosomal precursor was identified by its base composition and found to have a molecular weight of 2.5 to 2.6 × 106. This is 0.3 to 0.4 × 106 greater than the sum of the weights of the ribosomal RNA. This excess of non-riboso...
1. The effects of changes in experimental conditions on the mobility of RNA in polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis were investigated. 2. The linear relation between log(molecular weight) and electrophoretic mobility was shown to be independent within limits of salt or gel concentration. 3. The relative mobility of RNA with low content of guanylic ac...
The molecular weights of the ribosomal RNA of a wide range of species have been compared by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. It was found that bacteria, Actinomycetes, blue-green algae and higher plant chloroplasts all have rRNA† (“23 ” and “16 s”) with molecular weights of 1.1 million and 0.56 million. The weights of the rRNA (“25 s” and “1...
1. Salivary glands of insect larvae accumulate newly made transfer RNA in the nucleolus when maintained in the presence of nucleoside antagonists that inhibit RNA synthesis preferentially at the chromosome. 2. The nucleus contains precursor transfer RNA, which, on the basis of the general evidence, may originate in the chromosome and then be methyl...
Isolated polycistronic ribosomal DNA of Xenopus laevis is internally heterogeneous in GC content, but contains few basic nucleotide sequences. These are the 28S and 18S ribosomal DNA complements and DNA which does not code for stable ribosomal RNA. The 28S and 18S ribosomal cistrons alternate with one another and are integrated in the ribosomal DNA...
Gel electrophoresis of ribosomal RNA from green plant tissues provides evidence consistent with the suggestion that chloroplasts have evolved from symbiotic blue-green algae, while the plant cytoplasmic RNA is distinct from both the bacterial and mammalian.
1. Gels were prepared with recrystallized acrylamide and bisacrylamide. Electrophoresis was in tris-sodium acetate-EDTA buffer for 0.5 to 3hr. Gels were scanned at 280 or 265mmu. Techniques are described for slicing and radioactive counting. 2. The mobility of RNA was inversely related to the sedimentation coefficient and varied with gel concentrat...
1. Electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane in a tris-pyrophosphate buffer was used to separate microsomal fractions into three components: (1) the lipoprotein; (2) the nucleoprotein (termed the beta-band); (3) traces of free RNA (termed the alpha-band). In tris buffer containing Mg(2+) the alpha-band was not obtained. 2. The incorporation of...
This paper describes a method for the analysis of microsome fractions from pea seedling roots by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane. The method separates the lipid membranous component, nucleoprotein and free RNA . The synthesis of RNA in the growing root has been studied by incubating the seedlings in radioactive phosphate, and analysin...
Questions
Question (1)
Chaboussou at INRA showed how high inputs actually promote pests and diseases and presented biochemical explanations, with his theory of trophobiosis. This work really needs to be updated, which I am trying to stimulate. So it is vital that a new project like this one is coupled to analyses of pests and diseased and some of he biochemical characteristics of the crops.
