
Ulf-Dietrich ReipsUniversity of Konstanz | Uni-Konstanz · Department of Psychology
Ulf-Dietrich Reips
PhD, venia legendi
About
336
Publications
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Introduction
Full professor of Research Methods, Assessment, and iScience. Previously a tenured IKERBASQUE Research Professor. Pioneered Internet-based research, in particular Internet-based experimenting in Psychology and the Social Sciences. Recent work on Best Practices, Big Data, Twitter mining, Experience Sampling, also developed an "Open Source Facebook". Editor of the International Journal of Internet Science. iScience Server at http://iscience.eu , group at http://iscience.uni.kn
Additional affiliations
April 2018 - June 2018
November 2022 - February 2023
November 2015 - January 2016
Publications
Publications (336)
Social networking has surpassed e-mail and instant messaging as the dominant form of online communication (Meeker, Devitt, & Wu, 2010). Currently, all large social networks are proprietary, making it difficult to impossible for researchers to make changes to such networks for the purpose of study design and access to user-generated data from the ne...
Over the last few years, microblogging has gained prominence as a form of personal broadcasting media where information and opinion are mixed together without an established order, usually tightly linked with current reality. Location awareness and promptness provide researchers using the Internet with the opportunity to create "psychological lands...
This article summarizes expertise gleaned from the first years of Internet-based experimental research and presents recommendations on: (1) ideal circumstances for conducting a study on the Internet; (2) what precautions have to be undertaken in Web experimental design; (3) which techniques have proven useful in Web experimenting; (4) which frequen...
One major advantage of Web-based research lies in its ability to reach and study people who have rare conditions
of interest. Another advantage is that, due to the anonymity of the survey situation, the Internet is particularly
suited for surveys on sensitive topics. Sexsomnia is a newly identified medical condition whose sufferers
engage in sexual...
Numbers are associated with space, but it is unclear how flexible these associations are. We investigated whether the SNARC effect (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes; Dehaene et al. 1993 J. Exp. Psychol. 122, 371–396. (doi:10.1037/0096-3445.122.3.371); i.e. faster responses to small/large number magnitude with the left/right hand, res...
Given the ubiquitous nature of love, numerous theories have been proposed to explain its existence. One such theory refers to love as a commitment device, suggesting that romantic love evolved to foster commitment between partners and enhance their reproductive success. In the present study, we investigated this hypothesis using a large-scale sampl...
Spatial-Numerical Associations (SNAs) refer to the demonstrations of spatial processing of numbers. The Mental Number Line (MNL) is a representation model describing numbers as aligning left-to-right (LR) and was suggested to account for directional biases in participants’ responses during numerical tasks. One common behavioral demonstration of thi...
The concept of videowise just noticeable difference (JND) was recently proposed for determining the lowest bitrate at which a source video can be compressed without perceptible quality loss with a given probability. This bitrate is usually obtained from estimates of the satisfied used ratio (SUR) at different encoding quality parameters. The SUR is...
Spatial-Numerical Associations (SNAs) refer to the demonstrations of spatial processing of numbers. The Mental Number Line (MNL) is a representation model describing numbers as aligning left-to-right (LR) was suggested to account for directional biases in participants’ responses during numerical tasks. One common behavioral demonstration of this is...
Numbers are highly relevant in our everyday lives. Besides intentionally processing number magnitude when necessary, we often automatically process it even when not required. The SNARC (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes; Dehaene et al., 1993) effect, describing faster left-/right-sided responses to smaller/larger numbers, respectively...
In recent years, much research and many data sources have become digital. Some advantages of digital or Internet-based research, compared to traditional lab research (e.g., comprehensive data collection and storage, availability of data) are ideal for an improved meta-analyses approach.In the meantime, in meta-analyses research, different types of...
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Intensivmedizinische Aufenthalte führen bei vorbelasteten Menschen häufig zu Symptomen einer posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (Post-ICU-PTBS). In der Nachsorge spielen HausärztInnen eine wichtige Rolle.
Falldarstellung
Eine 58-jährige Patientin entwickelt nach erlebter Sepsis eine Post-ICU-PTBS. Sie erhält durch ihr...
There is a fundamental concern that respondents who complete a survey with a certain delay or only after one or more additional contact attempts are less motivated to provide high quality survey data. Given the rise of web surveys to being the currently most widely used mode of the survey method, this concern has increased, and surveyors wonder whi...
This Roundtable discussion deals with the frequent academic contextualization of accessible gaming in the realm of serious gaming, meaning that video game research focused on accessibility is usually related to inclusion or therapeutic and educational contexts. Disabled gamers or gaming is thus dominated by an extraludic context which seems to tran...
p>The concept of video-wise just noticeable difference (JND) was recently proposed to determine the lowest bitrate at which a source video can be compressed without perceptible quality loss with a given probability.
This bitrate is usually obtained from an estimate of the satisfied used ratio (SUR) at each bitrate, respectively encoding quality pa...
p>The concept of video-wise just noticeable difference (JND) was recently proposed to determine the lowest bitrate at which a source video can be compressed without perceptible quality loss with a given probability.
This bitrate is usually obtained from an estimate of the satisfied used ratio (SUR) at each bitrate, respectively encoding quality pa...
This manuscript presents a novel geofencing method in behavioral research. Geofencing, built upon geolocation technology, constitutes virtual fences around specific locations. Every time a participant crosses the virtual border around the geofenced area, an event can be triggered on a smartphone, e.g., the participant may be asked to complete a sur...
The here presented data were collected to explore the relationship between people’s attitudes toward COVID-19 measures and policy strictness. We conducted online surveys in July 2020 and May 2021 with 131 respectively 130 participants from Switzerland and Germany. Participants responded on visual analogue scales to 33 respectively 25 questions. Fur...
Computer- and web-based survey technology has enabled the use of question formats and layouts that would be difficult or even impossible to implement with traditional paper questionnaires. The present article investigates context effects—specifically assimilation versus contrast effects—in connection with four web survey question designs. Three tra...
Background:
The results of critical illness and life-saving invasive measures during intensive care unit treatment can sometimes lead to lasting physical and psychological impairments. A multicentre randomized controlled trial from Germany (PICTURE) aims to test a brief psychological intervention, based on narrative exposure therapy, for post-trau...
In image quality assessment, a collective visual quality score for an image or video is obtained from the individual ratings of many subjects. One commonly used format for these experiments is the two-alternative forced choice method. Two stimuli with the same content but differing visual quality are presented sequentially or side-by-side. Subjects...
The prevalence of anxiety disorders and depression are rising worldwide. Studies investigating risk factors on a societal level leading to these rises are so far limited to social-economic status, social capital, and unemployment, while most such studies rely on self-reports to investigate these factors. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate the im...
COVID-19-related regulations have impacted the economy and people’s well-being, highlighting the long-standing problem of inequality. This research explored how COVID-19-related restrictive policies, such as a lockdown or social distancing, affected people’s well-being. In Study 1, a cross-sectional online survey (N = 685), we examined the associat...
An empirical study of sample sizes in Experimental Psychology
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures...
Researchers assessing psychological constructs have to understand and choose between several competing measures. Item Pool Visualization (IPV, Dantlgraber et al., 2019) was developed to offer a systematic and detailed portrayal of the actual content and internal balance of competing measures. To enable the use of IPV, we developed and present here...
Background:
Early determination of COVID-19 severity and health outcomes could facilitate better treatment of patients. Different methods and tools have been developed for predicting outcomes of COVID-19, but they are difficult to use in routine clinical practice.
Methods:
We conducted a prospective cohort study of inpatients aged 20-92 years, d...
Practical guide on how to conduct online experiments
People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from m...
The picturewise just noticeable difference (PJND) for a given image, compression scheme, and subject is the smallest distortion level that the subject can perceive when the image is compressed with this compression scheme. The PJND can be used to determine the compression level at which a given proportion of the population does not notice any disto...
The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in t...
People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from m...
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about...
People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from m...
Semantic priming has been studied for nearly 50 years across various experimental manipulations and theoretical frameworks. These studies provide insight into the cognitive underpinnings of semantic representations in both healthy and clinical populations; however, they have suffered from several issues including generally low sample sizes and a la...
Significance
Communicating in ways that motivate engagement in social distancing remains a critical global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study tested motivational qualities of messages about social distancing (those that promoted choice and agency vs. those that were forceful and shaming) in 25,718 people in 89 countries...
The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychol...
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about...
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about...
Zusammenfassung
Das elterliche Erziehungsverhalten beeinflusst sowohl die Entwicklung eines Kindes als auch die Entstehung und Behandlung psychischer Störungen. Das Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI; Parker, Tupling & Brown, 1979) ist ein bekanntes Instrument zur retrospektiven Erfassung des elterlichen Erziehungsstils. Bisher existiert jedoch keine...
BACKGROUND
Smartphone usage is increasing around the globe. Smartphones offer considerable opportunities to researchers implementing experience sampling designs. Besides convenient gathering of self-report data, the availability of objective sensor data promises advantages for data collection.
OBJECTIVE
Previous research has shown the relation bet...
Undertaking an experience-sampling study via smartphones is complex. Scheduling and sending mobile notifications often requires the use of proprietary software that imposes limits on participants’ operating systems (whether iOS or Android) or the types of questions that can be asked via the application. We have developed an open-source platform— Sa...
The present article reviews web-based research in psychology. It captures principles, learnings, and trends in several types of web-based research that show similar developments related to web technology and its major shifts (e.g., appearance of search engines, browser wars, deep web, commercialization, web services, HTML5…) as well as distinct cha...
Smartphone usage is increasing around the globe—in daily life and as a research device in behavioral science. Smartphones offer the possibility to gather longitudinal data at little cost to researchers and participants. They provide the option to verify self-report data with data from sensors built into most smartphones. How accurate this sensor da...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of socially desirable responding in an item-pair measure of acquiescence from the Big Five Inventory. If both items in an item-pair have desirable content, the likelihood of agreeing with both items is increased, and consequently, the type of responding that would be taken to indicate acquiescence....
The multidimensional forced-choice (MFC) format has been proposed as an alternative to the rating scale (RS) response format. However, it is unclear how changing the response format may affect the response process and test motivation of participants. In Study 1, we investigated the MFC response process using the think-aloud technique. In Study 2, w...
Psychological effects connected with fluent processing are called fluency effects. In a sample of 403 participants we test whether conceptual fluency effects can be found in the context of inductive reasoning, a context that has not been investigated before. As a conceptual manipulation we vary the use of symbols (persons and crosses) in reasoning...
Symbolic magnitude comparison is one of the most well-studied cognitive processes in research on numerical cognition. However, while the cognitive mechanisms of symbolic magnitude processing have been intensively studied, previous studies have paid less attention to individual differences influencing symbolic magnitude comparison. Employing a two-d...
The presentation covers the use of everyday smartphones to gather sensor data and conduct experiments in experience sampling designs.
The first part addresses the measurement of spatial orientation of smartphones and its relation to self-reported well-being in four studies. Sensors in every modern smartphone allow us to gather data on the tilt of...
In this article, we introduce Item Pool Visualization. It is an illustration system that locates items and item pools (scales) from multiple psychological instruments regarding their commonality and distinguishability along several dimensions of nested radar charts. The application of Item Pool Visualization creates illustrations that represent dif...
Internet-based research methods: Challenges and solutions. Computational Linguistics, Linguistic Modeling and its Interfaces lecture series, University of Tübingen.
We investigated fluctuations of well-being by using a smartphone-based mobile experience sampling method (real-time and multiple time point measurements in the field using smartphones). Moreover, temperature, longitude, latitude, altitude, wind speed, rainfall, and further environment-based indicators were included as predictors either from smartph...
Much research on moral judgment is centered on moral dilemmas in which deontological perspectives (i.e., emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with utilitarian judgements (i.e., following the greater good defined through consequences). A central finding of this field Greene et al. showed that psychological and situational...
The Google Books Ngram Viewer (Google Ngram) is a search engine that charts word frequencies from a large corpus of books and thereby allows for the examination of cultural change as it is reflected in books. While the tool’s massive corpus of data (about 8 million books or 6% of all books ever published) has been used in various scientific studies...
The Spatial–Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect (i.e., faster reactions to small/large numbers on the left-/right-hand side) is usually observed along with the linguistic Markedness of Response Codes (MARC) effect—that is, faster left-/right-hand responses to odd/even numbers. The SNARC effect is one of the most thoroughly invest...
This article presents a new method for reducing socially desirable responding in Internet self-reports of desirable and undesirable behavior. The method is based on moving the request for honest responding, often included in the introduction to surveys, to the questioning phase of the survey. Over a quarter of Internet survey participants do not re...
Smartphones are becoming increasingly popular as assessment devices in experience sampling studies. They offer an inexpensive and powerful tool to conduct longitudinal assessments in the behavioral and social sciences. In addition to self-report data, numerous sensors integrated in today's devices also offer the opportunity to gather sensor data wi...
Deciding on a response scale when implementing research on the Internet can have a profound impact on the data gathered. The implemented response scale may have an impact on the motivation of the participants, validity of the assessed data as well as the statistical analyses possible. Previous research has shown that visual analogue scales (VASs) s...
Invited Spotlight talk at conference "Online experiments – Quick? Cheap? Valid? A Conference on Online Experimental Research", https://www.suz.uzh.ch/de/forschung/projekte/eor/Invited-Speakers.html
Ulf-Dietrich Reips has a background in psychology. In 1995,
he founded the first online lab for experiments. His work focuses on Internet-based resear...
Invited Spotlight talk at conference "Online experiments – Quick? Cheap? Valid? A Conference on Online Experimental Research", https://www.suz.uzh.ch/de/forschung/projekte/eor/Invited-Speakers.html Ulf-Dietrich Reips has a background in psychology. In 1995, he founded the first online lab for experiments. His work focuses on Internet-based research...