Uday Kumar

• PhD
• Chair Professor at Luleå University of Technology

Dynamic risk estimation of the tunnel is an important aspect of tunnel safety. Severe accident collision probability is an important parameter in the dynamic tunnel risk assessment process as it is needed to build a probabilistic dynamic risk model of a tunnel. This helps in continuous monitoring of the risk of the tunnel from severe accidents and...

Railway infrastructures deteriorate under the influence of various physical, mechanical, and environmental including climate change. Climate change impacts during past years have led to various critical damage to railway infrastructure assets. Switch and crossing (S&C) are the sensitive components of the railway network, which is affected by climat...

The strategic focus of the modern-day managers has been on seeking transformative technological and business solutions to ensure the safe and cost-effective operation of engineering assets. These transformative technologies (sometime also referred to as digital technologies) such as industrial Internet of Things, AI, Machine Learning, and 5G commun...

The digital technologies accompanying Industry 4.0 have ushered in a new era in the management of industrial economic systems. The concept of the digital twin is at the heart of this transformation. Stemming from the convergence of advanced data analytics, Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, and virtual modelling and domain knowledge, digital tw...

Railways are the backbone of modern transportation infrastructure, and managing railway assets is a complex process that requires a significant investment in resources, technology, and expertise. Augmented asset management is an emerging concept that leverages advanced technologies such as AI and digitalisation to optimise asset utilisation, reduce...

Wheelsets form an indispensable part of the railway rolling stock and need to be periodically inspected to ensure stable, safe, reliable, and sustainable rail operation. Wheel profiles are usually inspected and measured in a workshop environment using handheld equipment or by utilizing wayside measuring equipment. A common practice for both methods...

This paper reviews the application of AI in maintenance and inspections. It gives an overview of the development of AVs and distant inspection operations for industrial assets using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It discusses the use of AVs in infrastructure inspection and explain the types of sensors used for these applications. It explains how...

Technology is growing very fast, and we are facing the Fourth Revolution in industry. Digital transformation has found its way in to many different traditional and modern industries. Digitalization and automation are two common words in mining these days. However, there are many challenges in the mining industry to reach the appropriate maturity le...

Railway systems are complex with respect to technology and operations with the involvement of a wide range of human actors, organizations and technical solutions. For the operations and control of such complexity, a viable solution is to apply intelligent computerized systems, for instance, computerized traffic control systems for coordinating airl...

Railway infrastructure is vulnerable to extreme weather events such as elevated temperature, flooding, storms, intense winds, sea level rise, poor visibility, etc. These events have extreme consequences for the dependability of railway infrastructure and the acceptable level of services by infrastructure managers and other stakeholders. It is quite...

This paper presents an in-depth case study of a heavy-haul railway line in Sweden to analyze the twist and longitudinal level geometry defects. A linear model was applied to model the evolution of the amplitude of the longitudinal level defects and twist over time. Despite the effect of the defect shapes on the dynamic track loads, the amplitude of...

Increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather conditions caused by climate change can have a negative impact on rail service performance and also increases total ownership costs. Research has shown that adverse weather conditions are responsible for 5 to 10 % of total failures and 60 % of delays on the railway infrastructure in Sweden. The i...

Collaborative fault diagnosis can be facilitated by multisensory fusion technologies, as these can give more reliable results with a more complete data set. Although deep learning approaches have been developed to overcome the problem of relying on subjective experience in conventional fault diagnosis, there are two remaining obstacles to collabora...

This paper attempts to apply the resilience concept to the mining sector, especially to mining machinery and production systems. The quantitative analysis method using the linear recovery function has been applied. As the core part of the proposed method, it is assumed that in the mining machinery fleet, the performance function falls to a “zero” v...

Indian warship building and ownership is a maturing industry in India. Warships are significantly different in building and maintenance philosophy than commercial liners. The GAO congressional committee report (GAO-09-322) lists these differences as ‘In Navy shipbuilding, the buyer favors the introduction of new technologies on lead ships—often at...

Space weather is a phenomenon in which radioactivity and atomic particles is caused by emission from the Sun and stars. It is one of the extreme climate events that could potentially has short-term and long-term impacts on infrastructure. The effects of this phenomenon are a multi-fold process that include electronic system, equipment and component...

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) facilitate the recent advancements in manufacturing to make it a comprehensive system that incorporates computational intelligence, communication technologies, context-awareness and data analytics. The potential of CPS is not only confined to manufacturing but are also applicable to other complex infrastructure systems...

In the heavily industrialized western India, on the express way between Mumbai and Pune there is a series of five 03-lane one way tunnels. Risks in the tunnels on the hilly express way are sourced from the heavy goods vehicles often carrying dangerous goods. During the design stage, risk assessment is carried out using theoretical risk models such...

As of today, about 70% of the transportation infrastructure has already built for the needs of customers, business and society, where Railways is the major infrastructure. Due to huge investment for renewal and overhaul, there is emergent need to maintain the infrastructure with high availability with minimum cost and risk, being, transportation is...

This book presents a range of qualitative and quantitative analyses in areas such as cybersecurity, sustainability, multivariate analysis, customer satisfaction, parametric programming, software reliability growth modeling, and blockchain technology, to name but a few. It also highlights integrated methods and practices in the areas of machine lear...

This chapter comprises a single retailer and single product which deteriorates continuously. For the time-dependent deteriorating item with seasonal demand, quadratic demand is debated here which is suitable for the items whose demand with starting of the season increases initially and after end of the season, it starts to decrease. To reduce deter...

The factors initiating aviation accidents are usually hidden behind various steps, systems, and tasks, and systematic root-cause analysis is required to uncover the initial factor(s). To reduce the risk of unfavourable events, it is more appropriate to study their causal factors. We argue that an in-depth study on maintenance process deviations cou...

Underground pipelines are an essential part of the transportation infrastructure. The structural deterioration of pipelines crossing railways and their subsequent failures can entail critical consequences for society and industry, resulting in direct and indirect costs for all the stakeholders involved. Therefore, continuous and accurate condition...

This paper develops a dynamic maintenance strategy for a system subject to aging and degradation. The influence of degradation level and aging on system failure rate is modeled in an additive way. Based on the observed degradation level at inspection, repair or replacement is carried out upon the system. Previous researches assume that repair will...

Within aviation enterprises, the process of dismantling an aircraft at the end of its life is referred to as parting-out. Obviously, the asset value of the units and materials parted out from the retired airframes can be considerable. The benchmarked best practice within the aviation industry is to dismantle the retired aircraft and use the parted-...

Last decade of IT industry has observed an unprecedented growth of software and automation. Computers and software were already an integrated part of every research and development activity, but now these have penetrated into daily life of each human being through smart phones, mobile apps, and e-commerce. Various system and application software ha...

Despite the advances in intelligent systems, there is no guarantee that those systems will always behave normally. Machine abnormalities, unusual responses to controls or false alarms, are still common; therefore, a better understanding of how humans learn and respond to abnormal machine behaviour is essential. Human cognition has been researched i...

In carrying out maintenance actions, there are several processes running simultaneously among different assets, stakeholders, and resources. Due to the complexity of maintenance process in general, there will be several bottlenecks for carrying out actions that lead to reduction in maintenance efficiency, increase in unnecessary costs and a hindran...

With the vision of faster in-land transportation of humans and goods, long tunnels with increasing engineering complexities are being designed, constructed and operated. Such complexities arise due to terrain (network of small tunnels) and requirement of multiple entries and exits (network of traffics leading to non-homogenous behaviour). Increased...

Method for filtering and identifying a vulnerability class that has high probability of occurrence is needed by organisations to patch their software in a timely manner. In this paper, our first step is to filter the most frequently observed vulnerability type/class through a multi-criteria decision making that involves dependency among various cri...

Automotive manufacturing industries are required to improve their productivity with higher production rates at the lowest cost, less number of unexpected shutdowns, and reliable operation. In order to achieve the above objectives, the application of reliability, availability, and maintainability methodologies can constitute for resilient operation,...

The fourth generation of industrial activity enabled by smart systems and Internet-based solutions is known as Industry 4.0. Two most important characteristic features of Industry 4.0 are computerization using cyber-physical systems and the concept of “Internet of Things” adopted to produce intelligent factories. As more and more devices are instru...

Cities typically face a wide range of management and maintenance problems. They are complex environments in which digital technologies are more and more pervasive; this digitization of urban environment provided a scope for enriched environment that has capability for data-driven methods. The connections and exchange of data increase and the need f...

Users’ demand of reliable software in zero time has made the software development more complex. If software industry fails in fulfilling the demands, then it may undergo big penalties and revenue loss. The developers are pressurized subject to resource constraints provided by the management. Despite such fact, software experiences various validatio...

Software vulnerabilities trend over time has been proposed by various researchers and academicians in recent years. But none of them have considered operational coverage function in vulnerability discovery modeling. In this research paper, we have proposed a generalized statistical model that determines the relationship between operational coverage...

The eMaintenance solutions consolidate computing and information and communication technologies (ICT) with prognostics and health management (PHM) for maintenance decision‐making. The development to eMaintenance is to move from reactive to predictive maintenance. The role of technology in maintenance management has developed through the years, firs...

Regular maintenances on high-speed railway facilities are performed in every night in China, and during regular maintenances, high-speed railway is not available for the sunset-departure and sunrise-arrival trains (SDSA-trains). In order to reduce the influence of regular maintenances on SDSA-trains, three operation modes are used in practice, whic...

Modern trains are capable of monitoring health status in real time and infer behaviour of various systems. This trend will grow with advancements of machine learning those will produce feedback for continuously improving the prediction models. Despite reduced physical connectivity of human with locomotive systems, human interference will be require...

This article presents a real successful implementation of lean six sigma methodology to continuously improve the baggage flow in a baggage handling system (BHS), by identifying the causes of mishandled baggage, and deriving solutions to enhance BHS performance. The results show that the main critical problems were low system reliability and the hig...

Industrial maintenance in future will operate heavily with intelligent systems. Advanced sensor networks on machines will enable them communicate and learn about failure types, predict consequences and share solutions. Humans on the other hand are equipped with intuitive cognition that facilitates acquisition of knowledge about unique characteristi...

This book discusses action-oriented, concise and easy-to-communicate goals and challenges related to quality, reliability, infocomm technology and business operations. It brings together groundbreaking research in the area of software reliability, e-maintenance and big data analytics, highlighting the importance of maintaining the current growth in...

Railway systems are complex with respect to technology and operations with the involvement of a wide range of human actors, organizations and technical solutions. For the operations and control of such complexity, a viable solution is to apply intelligent computerized systems, for instance, computerized traffic control systems for coordinating airl...

Asset management enables the realization of value from assets throughout their full life cycle. It involves the coordinated and optimized planning, selection, acquisition/development, utilization, care (maintenance), and ultimate disposal or renewal of assets and asset systems.

Industrial planners and managers need to understand the dynamics of complete supply chain, i.e., stocks, operations, infrastructure, communities, and individuals involved in the sector to set policy and manage industrial assets. Data collection and analysis, for example, can provide information on how industry is likely to respond to different poli...

The diagnostic and prognostic needs a broad range of organizations may be met in a cost-effective manner and with minimal risk by leveraging three critical areas. The first is a framework that can efficiently integrate reusable algorithms. The second is communications, in particular, wireless technologies. The third is an infrastructure for the sys...

Intelligent or smart materials are new generation materials surpassing conventional structural and functional materials in their possession of adaptive capabilities to meet external stimuli, such as loads or environment, with inherent intelligence. Rogers (1988), Rogers et al. (1988) defines smart materials as materials possessing the ability to ch...

Condition monitoring involves comparing online or off-line data with expected values; it should be able to generate alerts, if necessary based on preset operational limits. Health assessment determines if the health of the monitored component or system has degraded and conducts fault diagnostics, leading to the development of prognostics. The prima...

Fault diagnosis is the process of tracing a fault by means of its symptoms, applying knowledge, and analyzing test results. Accurate diagnosis of faults in complex engineering systems requires acquiring the information through sensors, processing the information using advanced signal processing algorithms, and extracting required features for effic...

A signal can be represented as a function of time; i.e., it varies with time. However, it can be also expressed as a function of frequency; i.e., a signal can be considered a composition of different frequency components. Thus, a signal has both time domain and frequency domain representations.

The maintenance of all types of assets is increasingly important in both the industrial and the scientific sectors. Industries want to improve their maintenance techniques to increase the lifetime of their equipment. All equipment deteriorates over time, as it operates under a certain voltage or load in the real environment, thus generating mainten...

Accurate prediction and efficient simulation of the evolution of track geometry condition is a prerequisite for planning effective railway track maintenance. In this regard, the degradation and tamping effect should be equipped with proper and efficient probabilistic models. The possible correlation induced by the spatial structure also needs to be...

Software Vulnerability is a broad discipline that cannot be controlled only by the technologies. The holistic framework is required that statistically encompasses the entire security issues of IT organizations regardless of individual projects. Earlier researchers have developed several mathematical models that determined the vulnerabilities trend...

eMaintenance: Essential Electronic Tools for Efficiency enables the reader to improve efficiency of operations, maintenance staff, infrastructure managers and system integrators, by accessing a real time computerized system from data to decision. In recent years, the exciting possibilities of eMaintenance have become increasingly recognized as a so...

Authors have attempted to create coherent chapters and sections on how the fundamentals of maintenance cost should be organized, to present them in a logical and sequential order. Necessarily, the text starts with importance of maintenance function in the organization and moves to life cycle cost (LCC) considerations followed by the budgeting const...

Railway infrastructure is a complex system that comprises of several subsystems which interacts in hierarchical, multi-distributive and multi-user environment. It is a difficult task to perform inspections for all the assets at an instant because the train management system decides when to conduct different types of inspection techniques on several...

Decision-making in maintenance has to be augmented to instantly understand and efficiently act, i.e. the new know. The new know in maintenance needs to focus on two aspects of knowing: 1) what can be known and 2) what must be known, in order to enable the maintenance decision-makers to take appropriate actions. Hence, the purpose of this paper is t...