Uday B Desai

• PhD
• Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad

In recent years, monitoring the health of crops has been greatly aided by deploying highthroughput crop monitoring techniques that integrate remotely captured imagery and deep learning techniques. Most methods rely mainly on the visible spectrum for analyzing the abiotic stress, such as water deficiency in crops. In this study, we carry out experim...

Regular monitoring is worthwhile to maintain a healthy crop. Historically, the manual observation was used to monitor crops, which is time-consuming and often costly. The recent boom in the development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has established a quick and easy way to monitor crops. UAVs can cover a wide area in a few minutes and obtain use...

In recent days, the agricultural research community is focusing on the development of different varieties of aerobic rice, as it consumes less water for its growth. In general, the yield of a crop is considered as a critical performance metric to evaluate different varieties of rice. The count of filled grains in panicles provides a measure for the...

The problem of rested and restless multi-armed bandits with constrained availability(RMAB-CA) of arms is considered. The states of arms evolve in Markovian manner and the exact states are hidden from the decision maker. First, some structural results on value functions are claimed. Following these results, the optimal policy turns out to be a thres...

We consider the problem of decision fusion for binary event detection using a sensor network of nodes with non-identical detection and false-alarm probability pairs. We show that a soft decision fusion rule that is used to make a binary decision inherently possesses a hard decision fusion part. Revelation of hard decision fusion part within the sof...

Despite almost two decades of research, many challenges remain unresolved in Cognitive Radio scenarios, especially the fundamental problem of reliable spectrum sensing. Hence, we propose a Channel Partitioning Scheme based Cognitive Radio relying on realistic imperfect spectrum sensing. The channels licensed to the primary user are partitioned into...

The Green Symbiotic Cloud Communications (GSCC) paradigm created on the concept of cloud communications facilitates the use of multiple communication mediums concomitantly. In this paper, we address the issue of formulating a cognitive decision function based on utility theory, which allows users with GSCC enabled devices to intelligently distribut...

The determination of optimal packet size (OPS) for a cognitive radio-assisted sensor networks (CRSNs) architecture is non-trivial. State of the art in this area describes various complex techniques to determine OPS for CRSNs. However, it is observed that under high interference from the surrounding users, it is not possible to determine a feasible...

The cloud communications concept supported by the Green Symbiotic Cloud Communications (GSCC) paradigm is theoretically and mathematically modelled in this chapter. The aim is to maximize the throughput of communications infrastructure through all connected communication links with characterization of corresponding operational power dynamics. The G...

Cloud computing, a TCP/IP based development, is essentially an integration of computer technologies such as HPC, massive memory resource handling, high-speed networks and reliable system architecture. A unified definition of cloud computing doesn’t exist with researchers and industrialists globally having listed up to 22 definitions to provide a co...

The aim of GSCC architecture is to facilitate a universal medium for varied signal transmission creating a cloud of communications. A power line communication (PLC) system coupled with the UCM as presented in the previous chapter allows the possibilities of not only utilizing the existing most pervasive and dense infrastructure, the electric power...

Unification of varied signal transmission through a cloud structure of communications is one of the major postulates of the GSCC paradigm. Unification yields new possibilities in architecture evolution wherein a single access point can manage communication demands of multiple standards. In this chapter, the authors propose a novel access point (mod...

This book intends to change the perception of modern day telecommunications. Communication systems, usually perceived as "dumb pipes", carrying information / data from one point to another, are evolved into intelligently communicating smart systems. The book introduces a new field of cloud communications. The concept, theory, and architecture of th...

Fast evolution in grid computing, high performance computing and cloud computing has facilitated the growth of improved networking and resource management philosophies. However, the deployments of these technologies are severely stunted owing to their entirely economic motives.

The evolution of the concept of cloud communications has posed a growing emphasis on virtual and abstract environments for the flow of information, structuring it in similitude to a natural cloud. The Green Symbiotic Cloud Communications (GSCC) paradigm created on this concept facilitates the use of multiple communication mediums concomitantly crea...

The physics of tuPOY in relation to its molecular structure forms the essence of this chapter. The manufacturing process is experimentally and theoretically justified by a variety of spectroscopical imaging, nonimaging, and micro graphical procedures. These techniques provide us with a physical insight into the conducting and radiating behavior of...

The metamorphosis of tuPOY from basic organic raw materials to an advanced conducting fiber having metallic properties is discussed in this chapter. A step by step process of embedding conduction and radiation properties in tuPOY, with an elaborated stagewise analysis is presented. The production process is justified with parametric evaluation and...

The ability of tuPOY to emit electromagnetic radiations provides a playground to envision its role in antenna and wave propagation. This chapter analyzes the radiating properties of tuPOY and its use an antenna. A prototype of a nonmetallic antenna with tuPOY as its integral part of design is developed. The novel construction of the antenna structu...

Cognitive radio (CR) systems are potentially capable of mitigating the spectrum shortage of contemporary wireless systems. In this paper we provide a brief overview of CR systems and the important research milestones of their evolution, along with their standardization activities, as a result of their research. This is followed by the detailed anal...

Telesonography suffers from inherent limitations due to the need of all time availability of experts in cloud and data connectivity to the device. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) used for automatic detection of abnormalities without manual intervention can overcome these limitations. Commercially available ultrasound scanners restrict the installati...

Purpose: Ultrasound scanning has been widely used for preliminary diagnosis as it is non-invasive and has good scope for the doctors to analyze many diseases. Due to lack of trained radiologists in remote areas, tele-radiology is used to diagnose the scanned ultrasound data. Availability of online radiographers and having communication facility for...

A distributed sensor network deployed to detect a binary event using a hard decision fusion scheme is considered. Earlier works show that the K-out-of-N counting rule is optimum in minimizing the total error rate when the sensor nodes participating in the event detection have identical performance indexes (detection and false-alarm probability pair...

The mathematical characterization of a concept embeds a logical element in it, giving the invention a concrete structure. The conducting and radiating properties of tuPOY are given a mathematical emblem in this chapter. The behavioral pattern of tuPOY to a stimuli and its subsequent molecular state change variation due to its conduction, and radiat...

The utilitarian proficiency of tuPOY is exploited in an environment of internet of things in this chapter. Use of tuPOY in pervasive environments is presented as a case study. Devices made of tuPOY, seamlessly integrated in the ubiquitous environment, are detailed with explicitly designed experimental test beds in this chapter. These devices are sh...

Cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs) is the state-of-the-art communication paradigm for power constrained short range data communication. It is one of the potential technologies adopted for Internet of Things (IoT) and other futuristic machine-to-machine-based applications. Many of these applications are power constrained and delay sensitive. Th...

This book provides a new direction in electronics research with the invention of a new material tuPOY, which changes our perception of developing electronics. Evolving on a relatively underplayed phenomenon of static electricity in scientific exploration and application, tuPOY upholds the potential to rival both silicon and metals as electronics of...

Bedsides diagnosis using portable ultrasound scanning (PUS) offering comfortable diagnosis with various clinical advantages, in general, ultrasound scanners suffer from a poor signal-to-noise ratio, and physicians who operate the device at point-of-care may not be adequately trained to perform high level diagnosis. Such scenarios can be eradicated...

A new information theoretic model is proposed for underlay based cognitive radio, which imposes rate limitation on the Secondary User (SU) whilst the traditional systems impose either interference or transmit power limitations. The channel is modelled as a twin-user interference channel constituted by the Primary User (PU) and the SU. The achievabl...

High sampling rate is necessary for a quality ultrasound image, which demands expensive data-acquisition and computing devices. Compressive sensing(CS) can reconstruct high quality image with less data. It can give optimal solution to high sampling problem in ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound imaging is performed using beamforming of transducer array...

Fast diagnosis plays a crucial role in treating the patients, which can be life saving manytimes. Ultrasound scanning have the capability to image the organs in real time, thus offering quick diagnosis. Recent advancements in computing platforms greatly reduced the size of an ultrasound machine to portable level. Portable ultrasound machines can be...

Significant energy consumption by buildings from utility grid has made researchers revisit existing Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS). Most of the developing countries have taken a green initiative of Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) to reduce carbon foot print and fast depletion of conventional energy sources. Though the integration of sol...

Advancement of mobile phone based new sensing paradigm like opportunistic and participatory crowd sensing has lead to increase in both multimedia and scalar sensor data traffic over wireless networks. In opportunistic crowd sensing, there are more chances of missing required mobile phones sensor data due to unpredictable mobility nature of users. A...

This paper discusses the current state-of-art and proposes a novel evolution of cloud computing and communications. New attributes, introduced continuously, have additively improved and evolved cloud computing to what it is today. Grid computing, data-centers and High Performance Computing (HPC) are critically reviewed and fall-outs are analyzed to...

Smart phones or mobile phones enabled with global positioning system (GPS), different types of sensors, and communication technologies have become ubiquitous application development platform for Internet of Things (IoT) and new sensing technologies. Improving sensing area coverage, reducing overlap of sensing area, and energy consumption are import...

We propose a centralized radix-2 multistage decision fusion strategy comprising simple AND and OR rules for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive sensor networks. Earlier works on centralized decision fusion show the half-voting and majority rules to be optimum in many spectrum sensing scenarios in terms of minimizing the decision error (or equ...

We derive the largest possible class of linear time-invariant controllers, M RS , to synthesize the information dissemination policies that ensure the closed-loop stability for resource constrained sensor networks. We assume that the sensory information is routed using a tree-topology. Our main contribution is the use of the Zames-Falb multipliers...

This paper investigates the sequential opportunistic channel sensing and access problem of an unlicensed or secondary user (SU) in presence of multiple licensed or primary users (PU). The SU senses one channel at a time for the presence of PU. The sensing is considered to be imperfect, i.e, the presence or absence of PU may not be detected correctl...

In commercial ultrasound systems, the transmit module typically generates the time delayed excitation pulses to steer and focus the acoustic beam. However, the ultrasound transmitter module in these systems has limited access to medical ultrasound researchers. In this paper, we have presented the development of a programmable architecture for 8-cha...

This work is directed towards a symbiotic architecture called cognitive relaying with frequency incentive for multiple primary users (CRFI-M). The rationale of CRFI-M is that the primary users (PUs) of a cognitive radio (CR) network, with weak transmission links, seek cooperation from the secondary user (SU) nodes in their vicinity to achieve as mu...

TV ‘White Space’ spectrum is characterized by large amounts of geographically available spectrum with excellent propagation characteristics, offering long range and exceptional building penetration compared to the spectrum used by WiFi and Bluetooth equipment. As a result TV white space spectrum is ideal for providing fixed broadband internet servi...

Data driven precision agriculture aspects, particularly the dynamic disease management, require dynamic crop-weather-environment data at micro level. An experiment was conducted during four consecutive seasons (2009 Kharif, 2009–10 Rabi, 2010 Kharif and 2010–11 Rabi) in a semi-arid tropic region of India to understand the crop-weather-environment-d...

We propose develop a generalized algorithm for hiding audio signal using image steganography. The authors suggest transmitting short audio messages camouflaged in digital images using Principal Component Analysis as an encryption technique. The quantum of Principal components required to represent the audio signal by removing the redundancies is a...

Ultrasound imaging uses high-frequency sound waves in medical imaging like obstetric diagnosis, stones in kidney etc. As ultrasound images are captured in real-time, they can show movement of the body's internal organs as well as blood flowing through blood vessels. In this paper medical B-mode architecture of the backend system is implemented in K...

Mobile phones or smart phones equipped with different communication technologies and sensors have become pervasive application development platform for opportunistic and human-centric sensing. Optimisation of battery energy consumption and opportunistic sensing coverage are important issues under mobile phone sensing. This paper proposes a simple s...

In this paper, we introduce the Cognitive Multiple Access Z Interference Channel (CMAZIC) where there are two secondary user (SU) transmitters and one SU receiver and one primary user (PU) transceiver pair. Both the SUs are aware of the PU message non causally. There is interference only from the PU transmitter to the SU receiver but not vice versa...

Image fusion has been receiving increasing attention in the research community with the aim of investigating general formal solutions to a wide spectrum of applications such as multifocus, multiexposure, multispectral ( IR -visible) and multimodal medical (CT and MRI) image and video fusion. While there exist many fusion techniques for each of thes...

Unstable link connectivity due to dynamic mobility nature of mobile phone users and error prone wireless link quality increases end-to-end delay for mobile phone based opportunistic network applications. This problem becomes more worse in the presence of large amount of data transmission, like multimedia data. This paper refers to Levy walk based m...

This paper addresses distributed sub-carrier bandwidth sizing and power allocation for the Secondary Users (SUs) in a Cognitive Radio (CR) network. The system entails an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based multi-user environment which deploys overlay spectrum sharing by the Primary Users (PUs) and SUs, and Frequency Division Mul...

It is known that a wireless sensor network uses some sort of sensors to detect a physical quantity of interest, in general. The wireless sensor network is a potential tool for exploring the difficult-to-access area on the earth and the concept may be extended to space applications in future. Recently, lunar water has been detected by a few lunar mi...

Purpose There are many applications where simultaneous wireless transmission of many parameters is required to be sent to base station or to the receiver. For example, in case of mass causality events, monitoring of multiple patients by medical technicians, physicians or nurses is required where there will be more than one wireless transmitter and...

In the recent past, most cases of heart disease in India manifested after the age of 70; however, over the past seven to eight years, heart disease has emerged as a major cause of death in urban as well as in rural areas, killing people as young as 25. Most of these people, especially in rural areas of India, do not know they have a cardiovascular...

Recent technological developments allowed envisioning sensor devices with distributed ambient sensory network, which could be a potential technology for monitoring various natural phenomena (weather parameters, soil moisture, etc.) at micro level. As days more and more agricultural data are virtually being harvested along with the crops and are bei...

Image fusion has been receiving increasing attention in the research community with the aim of investigating general formal solutions to a wide spectrum of applications. The objective of this work is to formulate a method that can efficiently fuse multifocus as well as multispectral images for context enhancement and thus can be used by different a...

In this paper, we study the Gaussian Cognitive Zinterference channel (GCZIC) and its multiuser extension the Gaussian Cognitive Broadcast Z-interference channel (GCBZIC). We review some known capacity results and bounds for the GCZIC for various levels of interference. We derive a new improved inner bound for the GCZIC under conditions which inters...

Aortic and arterial occlusive diseases are congenital conditions manifested in impedance plethysmography and are difficult to interpret. A parallel multiclass support vector classification of haemodynamic parameters computed from plethysmographic observations is proposed for diagnosis of aortoarteritis, atherosclerotic narrowing and coarctation of...

Aortic and arterial occlusive diseases are congenital conditions manifested in impedance plethysmography and are difficult to interpret. A parallel multiclass support vector classification of haemodynamic parameters computed from plethysmographic observations is proposed for diagnosis of aortoarteritis, atherosclerotic narrowing and coarctation of...

In a Symbiotic Cognitive Relaying (SCR) scenario, the Secondary users(SU) nodes can act as multihop relays to assist the communication between Primary User(PU) nodes in the case of a weak direct link. In return, the SU nodes are incentivised with the right to carry out SU-SU communication using licensed PU band for a fixed amount of time, referred...

The paper proposes identification of eight morphologically different pulse waveforms obtained from cardiovasographic observations on the radial pulse. Eight patterns correlated with normal subjects and those suffering from diseases of heart, lungs and liver are analyzed by genotyping of their independent components under the umbrella of parallel mu...

The paper presents a new paradigm from the perspective of pervasive on-body computing through an innovative polymerized textile, which exhibits sensing and radiation properties. A radical, first of its kind, sensor fabricated from unsaturated polymer resin textile, establishes a dynamic link connecting human thermodynamics to electrical ambiance. A...

We propose a completely metal gratis antenna, developed from modified polymer textile. The antenna operating in the UWB range is lightweight, low cost, rugged and can be ambidextrously positioned under a cloud environment. The judiciously designed antenna can be easily amalgamated or sewn into wearable apparels suggesting its strong candidature in...

This paper proposes novel relaying schemes based on recently proposed Modified Alamouti Code and Time Switch Space Time Coding for a homogeneous sensor network architecture. New relaying schemes based on the incorporation of aforementioned techniques in a Sensor Network framework are considered. An exhaustive analysis in terms of the total energy c...

In wireless transmission of ECG, data latency will be significant when battery power level and data transmission distance are not maintained. In applications like home monitoring or personalized care, to overcome the joint effect of previous issues of wireless transmission and other ECG measurement noises, a novel filtering strategy is required. He...

Application of impedance plethysmography (IP) for impedance measurement is the paradigm in assessment of central and peripheral blood flow. We propose the expediency of IP to unearth hidden patterns from Plethysmographic observations on a radial pulse. The variability analysis in one thousand control and disease subjects evolves an archetype of eig...

The prime focus of this study is in developing distributed algorithms for cognitive relaying with time incentive for multiple primary users (CRTI-M). CRTI-M is a symbiotic paradigm in which the incumbent primary users (PUs) of the spectrum, with weak transmission links, seek cooperation from the cognitive secondary user (SU) nodes in their vicinity...

Recent technological developments allowed to envision the low-power (solar power) and low-cost (open hardware) sensor devices (Agrisens/FieldServer/Flux Tower/FieldTwitter) with multimode (ZigBee/WiFi/3G/WebGIS) information and communication technologies (ICTs), a model in which is christened as GeoSense. Integrating these multimode and multi-level...

The use of Information, Communication and Dissemination Systems (ICDS) in agricultural decision making processes by the farming community in India are inviting attention to bring the improvement in traditional practices with innovative strategies in an effort to consider recent economic, environmental and social crisis in the rural sector. These in...

Ubiquitous use of cell phones encourages development of novel applications with sensors embedded in cell phones. The collection of information generated by these devices is a challenging task considering volatile topologies and energy-based scarce resources. Further, the data delivery to the sink is delay tolerant. Mobility of cell phones is opport...

This paper presents algorithm for multifocus image fusion in spatial domain based on iterative segmentation and edge information of the source images. The basic idea is to divide the images into smaller blocks, gather edge information for each block and then select the region with greater edge information to construct the resultant `all-in-focus' f...

A fundamental problem for Cognitive Radios (CR) is spectrum sensing, secondary users need to reliably detect weak primary signals of possibly different types over a targeted wide frequency band in order to identify spectral holes for opportunistic communications. In this paper energy detection technique based on Neyman-Pearson criterion is implemen...