Tusar Kanti Behera

Indian Agricultural Research Institute | IARI · Division of Vegetable Science

Yield and its contributing attributes are mostly targeted in improvement programmes, so the existence of variability has prime importance in plant breeding. In the present study, 36 genotypes of water chestnut were assessed with principal component analyses (PCA) based on morphological and quality traits to select genotypes and traits for future br...

Capsicum annuum L., commonly known as chili, holds global significance as a widely cultivated species for both culinary and spice purposes. This study sought to identify high-yielding chili and bell pepper varieties adaptable to diverse environments. Twelve genotypes were assessed for seven qualitative and six key quantitative yield-related traits...

The fresh, edible fruit-nut of the water chestnut, an annual herb found in water, is an important aquatic crop. There is an enormous variation in water chestnut growth and yield, which is not extensively recorded in India. The yield performance of 23 water chestnut lines was examined in the present investigation. Crop variability contributes to the...

Cucumber is an important vegetable crop that suffers from significant yield loss because of sub-optimal temperatures during the growing season. High temperature affects the plant's health and reduces the quality and quantity of the final harvest. Huge diversity in terms of different economically important traits, including wide temperature adaptati...

The experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2021–22 and 2022–23 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh to study the improvement in yield and quality parameters in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar using brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) rootstock. Three improved cultivars of tomatoes i.e. Kashi...

To meet the growing demand for fresh produce in cities, promoting peri-urban and urban farming is essential to reduce reliance on rural areas for vegetables. One innovative approach developed at ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi (2019-2022), is the dual grafting of brinjal and tomato on a single brinjal plant, termed 'Brimato' (Brinjal + Tomato). Using the vigor...

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a self-pollinating grain legume, fodder, and vegetable crop grown in a variety of tropical and subtropical climates around the world. Due to its nutritive value and soil-improving properties, it is also used as a fodder, green manure and cover crop. Being a legume crop, cowpea fits well in the inter-cropping system. Ma...

The present study explores heterosis, combining ability, gene action and proportional contribution of lines, testers and their interactions for yield and its contributing traits in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata). Evaluating 30 F1 populations, 11 parents (6 CMS lines and 5 DH testers) and a standard check (Pusa Cabbage Hybrid-81) in RC...

Cucumber cultivar ‘Malini’ fruits were packaged in expanded polyethylene biopolymer (20µFlexfresh) having two oxygen transmission rates (OTR) of 2500 cc/kg/24 h and 6000 cc/2kg/24 h and were assessed for nutritional and sensory qualities during storage at 10 and 15oC. Minimum weight loss (10.09%) was observed in packaged cucumber while control frui...

The present study compared the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of heattolerant (DLS-161-1) and heat-susceptible (DchBL-240) genotypes of hot pepper under high-temperature conditions. The results showed that DLS-161-1 performed significantly better for various morphological parameters such as plant height (60 cm), number o...

Agriculture plays a pivotal role in India, sustaining about 60% of the population and significantly contributing to the national economy. Despite challenges like droughts, floods, heatwaves, and pest outbreaks, India has progressed from a food-import dependent nation to a self-sufficient one, even emerging as a net exporter of agricultural products...

Water spinach, upland cultivation, climate resilient, crop diversification, economic & nutritional security. Despite challenges like droughts, floods, heatwaves, and pest outbreaks, India has progressed from a food-import dependent nation to a self-sufficient one, even emerging as a net exporter of agricultural products. However, the ever-increasin...

with leftover pods and plant debris, was ploughed. Afterward, the seeds were re-germinated, resulted in a healthy crop with a good crop stand. This way, the initially sown crop was harvested two times for pods and once for seed crop Since then, cost of cowpea cultivation has. decreased by ` 45,000/ ha which was about 54.31 % less as compared to ini...

Identifying elite lines is a major research priority for developing new hybrids/varieties. A total of 153 tomato lines were characterized based on horticultural traits, total soluble solids (TSS) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (ToLCV) resistance under natural field conditions. Molecular markers were applied for ToLCV (Ty2 and Ty-3), late blight...

Climate change has shifted the interest of the pea breeders to breed climate resilient high yielding cultivars suitable for varying climatic conditions. Additionally, short duration cultivars are much demanded by the farmer’s owing to their high crop return in early market as well their suitability for multiple cropping. Being adapted to cooler cli...

Climate change has shifted the interest of the pea breeders to breed climate resilient high yielding cultivars suitable for varying climatic conditions. Being adapted to cooler climate, pea requires mean seasonal temperature of 10-18°C for its optimum growth. High temperature (HT) stress at early vegetative or reproductive growth stage decreases al...

Page 91 salt tolerant and germinate rapidly. Whereas, black seeds are salt sensitive and a large proportion of seeds are dormant. Primary dormancy in Chenopodium is due to physiological inhibiting mechanism. This inhibiting mechanism is mainly due to the presence of high level of inhibitors (abscisic acid) and low level of growth promotors (ethylen...

The demand for vegetables in India is substantial, driven by widespread vegetarian dietary preferences. However, the supply often falls short due to the inability to grow all types of vegetables throughout the year. This emphasizes the significance of off-season vegetable cultivation, offering a solution for year-round production, controlling price...

In recent times, organic farming has assumed greater significance and become a buzzword, gaining momentum and instant acceptance by producers and consumers simultaneously. Rising health complications due to the overuse of different agricultural chemicals and their consequent presence as residues above maximum permitted residue levels in food (MRLs)...

Plant diseases threaten crop production and are responsible for considerable losses in vegetables worldwide. Every year diseases cause losses up to 40 to 60% in vegetable crops. Vegetable crops are comparatively more susceptible to various types of diseases inflicted by fungi, bacteria, virus, viroid, phytoplasma and nematodes. Genera of fungal pat...

Emerging bacterial plant diseases became a major threat for the vegetable production system. In the recent past, with changes in farming practices, abrupt weather climate, and the introduction of new varieties and hybrids are considered major factors for the emergence and outbreak of new bacterial pathogens (diseases). The bacterial wilt is an emer...

Vegetable crops are a crucial component of the global food supply chain, with a vast range of variety, flavor profiles, and nutritional value, making them a staple meal of many cultures globally. India is the second-largest producer of vegetables in the world, commercially growing over 60 different types of vegetables for fresh consumption. Breedin...

Development of improved line is one of the major activities in hybrid tomato breeding. The aim of this study was to identify improved lines based on horticultural traits, total soluble solid (TSS) and diseases resistance particularly tomato yellow leaf curl virus (ToLCV). The genotypes consisted of improved lines, jointless tomato, cherry tomato an...

In summer squash, the formation of underdeveloped seed and fruit set inhibition due to a limited supply of assimilates to sink is a major bottleneck during seed production. Present study was conducted to study the physio-biochemical changes associated with the fruit load management and post-harvest ripening (PHR) in seed production of bushy type (s...

The importance of fresh fruits and vegetables in a healthy diet is well-established but concerns about pesticide residues have raised questions about their safety. This study investigated the effectiveness of common household methods for decontaminating the deltamethrin residue from tomato, okra, bitter gourd, cowpea, and green chili. The residue w...

Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.), is a prized cucurbitaceous vegetable of the tropics, having high present-day demand along with higher future potential. Keeping the need for high yielding genotype, the present study was performed using the observations from six generations [Parent-1 (CBM-12), Parent-2 (Pusa Purvi), F1, F2, Back Cross 1 (BC1)...

The ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi has released a number of varieties and hybrids that have been widely adopted and cultivated by large number of farmers throughout the country. Therefore, the present study was taken up with the objectives to estimate the area covered by the Institute varieties and assess the production and e...

Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is known tropical cucurbitaceous vegetable for its nutritional, medicinal and curative properties. The immature fruit is valued for its bitter taste and richness in calcium, phosphorous, iron, copper, potassium and vitamins A, B1, B2 and C. The genus Momordica consist of 60 species worldwide and out of them 7 s...

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops grown worldwide for immature fruits. Several improved varieties with a number of economically important traits were developed through conventional breeding. The availability of draft genome sequences has facilitated the wide application of genomics tools in cucumber improvem...

Northeastern region is characterized by diverse climate regimes ranging from subtropical to alpine, high rainfall zones, diverse terrain, slopes, altitude, and land tenure systems. Vegetables are cultivated under homestay and mixed commercial systems with various production systems depending on high, mid, and foothills. The region is the wealthiest...

Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. is a widely cultivated cucurbitaceous vegetable of tropical and subtropical regions. Its unripe fruits are consumed as vegetable. This review aims to present an umbrella overview of botany, ethno-medicinal uses, nutritional and phytochemical profile of T. dioica and compilation of research confirming many pharmacological...

Northeastern region is characterized by diverse climate regimes ranging from subtropical to alpine, high rainfall zones, diverse terrain, slopes, altitude, and land tenure systems. Vegetables are cultivated under homestay and mixed commercial systems with various production systems depending on high, mid, and foothills. The region is the wealthiest...

The increasing global population, projected to reach 9 billion by 2050, increasing consumer expectations, health related recommendations for a more diverse diet and ambitions to transition to a more sustainable bio-industrial base will result in an ever-increasing demand for food, feed, fibre and other plant-derived products (Aschemann-Witzel et al...

Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) is commonly used as a food plant in several parts of the country. The leaves are good source of minerals, vitamins and are considered a possible source of food protein. All aerial parts of the young plant of water spinach are edible. In certain traditional systems of medicine, water spinach has known to be used as a...

Ash gourd (Benincasa hispida) is a cucurbitaceous crop cultivated as an edible vegetable rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers and antioxidants. In a field survey conducted in the Udumalpet region of Tamil Nadu during 2019, the incidence of mosaic disease on ash gourd crop was observed to be 75%. The DNA-A and DNA-B components of begomovirus g...

Cucumber is one of the important salad vegetables cultivated worldwide and is highly sensitive to water stress. However, till date, no drought-tolerant cucumber genotypes have been identified using a large set of diverse germplasms via high-throughput phenotyping methods. This study involved screening of a large set of Indian-origin cucumber germpl...

Totally 102 symptomatic samples of cucurbitaceous vegetables showing yellowing were collected from fields of Uttar Pradesh and screened by RT-PCR assay for the presence of Crinivirus and Polerovirus. Among them, Crinivirus (16%) and Polerovirus (23%) were tested positive with the universal primer pairs. Based on the sequence analysis of amplified p...

Mapping of QTLs for heat tolerance in hot pepper

Indian Horticulture 30 Prospects iCAr-iiVr technologies: A step to reach the North Eastern region of india diverse agro-climatic regions, wide variety of soils supplemented with substantial rainfall has made the NE region a forerunner in agriculture sector. Small and marginal farmers holding maximum area of the total arable land of the NE region ha...

High temperatures present a formidable challenge to the cultivation of hot pepper, profoundly impacting not only vegetative growth but also leading to flower and fruit abscission, thereby causing a significant reduction in yield. To unravel the intricate genetic mechanisms governing heat tolerance in hot pepper, an F2 population was developed throu...

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an economically important crop belonging to cucurbitaceae family grown throughout the world and considered healthyl as it is almost free from fat, sodium and cholesterol. It is known as a ‘mood food’ because of its levels of Vitamin B6 and its rind contains an important natural compound called citrulline, an amino...

ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, developed a ‘Kashi Aman’ tomato variety in 2013. Farmers in different parts of the country widely adopt and cultivate this variety. The present study helps in estimating the economic surplus generated as a consequence of research outputs for the development of tomato variety ‘Kashi Aman’. The a...

पहली तुड़ाई के लिए 65-75 दि नों बाद तैयार हो जाती है। पौधों में 10-13 फलियाँ होती है जि नकी लंबाई 8-8.5 सेमी होती है। इसके अधि कांश ठंडल पर दो फलियाँ लगती है। काशी पूर्वी का औसत फली उत्पादन 110- 120 कुन्तल प्रति हेक्टेयर के आसपास होता है जि समें 50-52 छीलावट प्रति शत होता है। शीघ्र परिपक्वता के कारण, यह प्रजाति मटर में होने वाले प्रमुख रोगों जैसे स...

Nine carrot genotypes differing in outer colour from red, orange, purple, yellow and white were selected and scored on Hedonic scale by a semi-trained panel. Data were analysed by principal component analysis and correlation coefficients. Findings reinforced that red and orange colours are most acceptable. Purple genotypes showed intermediate overa...

The present investigation was carried out to decipher inheritance of resistance and to identify linked SSR markers for Phomopsis blight resistance in eggplant. An F 2 population comprising 161 plants was developed from the cross of Pusa Kranti and BR‐40‐7. Genetic analysis was carried out using Chi square test. Artificial inoculation of fruits was...

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most important vegetable crop grown in India after potato. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) cause yield loss between 11 and 35% in tomato. RKNs are also known to be involved in the tomato wilt disease complex in association with Fusarium oxysporum sp. lycopersici and Ralstonia solanacearum. The n...

Ensuring food system is one of the most challenging tasks of the world. Despite the best efforts, millions of people around the globe are malnourished or live with hunger. Hence, we highlight the potential role of alternative crops (ACs) to achieve sustainable food systems to meet the sustainable development goals (SDGs). The introduction of ACs in...

Vegetables are an integral component of horticulture sector and play key roles in Indian agriculture. Vegetables have contributed significantly in food and nutritional security of the world. India is the second largest producer of vegetables in the world after China, contributing about 13.60 % to world’s total vegetable production. In India, annual...

Cowpea is known for its high protein content (18-25%) and also chiefly raised for green fodder. The infesting pests, pod borer and aphids are the most destructive ones. To control these pests, chlorantraniliprole emerges as a promising molecule. Thus, its needs to assess the dissipation nature of the chlorantraniliprole. Hence, a trial was conducte...

Aim of study: To determine the amount of diversity in pea breeding materials with the objective to classify a set of potential parents carrying novel/economic variations that could be used in future breed pea varieties. Area of study: ICAR–Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi. Material and methods: A total of 45 pea accessions were an...

The present study was undertaken to develop an efficient protocol in cucumber for induction of large number haploids through gynogenesis and to understand the effects of heterosis on gynogenesis. One natural variant, DC-48 with exceptionally high shelf life along with another genotype, DC-83 with very low shelf-life and the F 1 hybrid using these c...

Untargeted metabolomics of moderately resistant wild tomato species Solanum cheesmaniae revealed an altered metabolite profile in plant leaves in response to Alternaria solani pathogen. Leaf metabolites were significantly differentiated in non-stressed versus stressed plants. The samples were discriminated not only by the presence/absence of specif...

the United Nations has set 17 Sustainable development Goals for the year 2030. the vegetables and allied enterprises have an important role to play in achieving these goals. the iCAr-iiVr, Varanasi is putting in its effort to contribute in achieving these goals, particularly the goals of no poverty, zero hunger, good health and well-being and clima...

The okra fruit borer (Earias vittella) and sucking pests are a key limiting factor in okra cultivation due to their severe crop destruction behaviour. An experiment was conducted during 2019–20 to assess the bioefficacy of various new insecticides and persistence of chlorantraniliprole 18.50 sc residues in okra fruits at research farm of ICAR- Indi...

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a major Cucurbitaceous vegetable crop widely grown in tropical andsubtropical regions of the world. Downy mildew is the most damaging disease in cucumber worldwide causingsignificant yield loss. The wide diversity in terms of different economically important traits including severityto downy mildew infestation is av...

Gene effects associated with earliness and yield-related traits offer an advantage in the selection ofappropriate breeding strategies to bring improvement of fruit yield in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Therefore,a generation mean analysis study was conducted to investigate the gene effects present in traits like plantheight, days to first female...

Bitter gourd is an important vegetable crop grown throughout the tropics mainly because of its high nutritional value. Sex expression and identification of gynoecious trait in cucurbitaceous vegetable crops has facilitated the hybrid breeding programme in a great way to improve productivity. In bitter gourd, gynoecious sex expression is poorly repo...

The narrow genetic base of tomato poses serious challenges in breeding. Hence, with the advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing, fast and efficient breeding has become possible in tomato breeding. Many traits have been edited and functionally characterized using CR...

Cucumber is an important vegetable crop grown worldwide and highly sensitive to prevailing temperature condition. The physiological, biochemical and molecular basis of high temperature stress tolerance is poorly understood in this model vegetable crop. In the present study, a set of genotypes with contrasting response under two different temperatur...

In the era of climate change, the overall productivity of pea (Pisum sativum L.) is being threatened by several abiotic stresses including heat stress (HS). HS causes severe yield losses by adversely affecting several traits in peas. A reduction in pod yield has been reported from 11.1% to 17.5% when mean daily temperature increase from 1.4 to 2.2°...

Bottle gourd is amongst the widely grown yet under-researched cucurbit vegetable in India and sub-Saharan Africa. The fresh immature leaves, fruit and seed are used for food and medicinal purposes, as rootstock for watermelon. Despite the economic and culinary importance, availability of wide variation in Africa and India, the bottle gourd genetic...

The tomato is one of the most important vegetables in the world. The demand for tomatoes is high in virtually any country, owing to their gastronomic versatility and nutritional and aromatic value. Drought, salinity, and inadequate temperature can be major factors in diminishing yield, affecting physiological and biochemical processes and altering...

The economy of Sonbhadra district is mainly dependent on agriculture. The district has the highest percentage of forest area among all districts of Uttar Pradesh and the district is also called as Energy Capital of India. Sonbhadra district has highest Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in Uttar Pradesh and constituting 20.67 per cent in total distric...