Turki Ali Alghamdi

Umm Al-Qura University · Department of Computer Science

We demonstrate the production of a picosecond pulse from an Erbium laser cavity using black phosphorous (BP) on side-polished fiber saturable absorber (SA) as a mode-locker. The surface of the fiber was removed utilizing a polishing wheel, and then BP was mechanically deposited onto it to develop an excellent evanescent field on the polished surfac...

The past few years has witnessed a remarkable outburst of the application of blockchain technology in various fields. This technology serves to tackle the problems associated with the centralized systems. However, in a blockchain based system, major challenges such as security, privacy and authentication are observed. Hence, special attention is re...

The inefficient consumption of energy is a critical challenge in Internet of Underwater Things (IoUTs) because of difficult replenishment of energy. It is possible to overcome this difficulty by introducing sleep-awake scheduling for energy conservation. In this paper, two schemes have been proposed focusing on energy efficiency: geo-opportunistic...

In this paper, a brief survey of data preprocessing methods is presented. Specifically, the data preprocessing methods used in the smart grid (SG) domain are surveyed. Also, with the advent of SG, data collection on a large scale became possible. The data is essential for electricity demand, generation and price forecasting, which plays an importan...

In energy sectors, power utilities face financial losses due to Electricity Theft (ET). It happens when electricity is consumed without billing. Several methods are developed to detect ET automatically. Most of these methods only assess Electricity Consumption (EC) records. However, it is challenging to detect fraudulent consumers by only observing...

This paper proposes a secure blockchain based energy trading system for residential homes. In the system, a new proof-of-computational closeness (PoCC) consensus protocol is proposed for the selection of miners and the creation of blocks. Moreover, an analytical energy pricing policy is designed to solve the problem of existing energy pricing polic...

The real time Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) energy trading have ameliorated the smart city environment. Electric Vehicles (EVs) in smart cities have made it possible to balance the energy demand and supply without burdening the power grids. They also help in minimizing both the heap amounts of pollution and the greenhouse gas e...

Localization of sensors in Underwater Internet of Things (UIoTs) is difficult due to the mobility. This changing makes the routing decisions difficult, which results in unreliable communication. This paper proposes Adaptive Transmission based Geographic and Opportunistic Routing (ATGOR) protocol for reliable communication between nodes. ATGOR opera...

We demonstrate the production of Q-switched and mode-locked pulses in Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) using an exfoliated black phosphorous as saturable absorber. The prepared SA has a modulation depth of 7.5 % and it was incorporated into a 6 m long EDFL cavity for Q-switching. The Q-switched laser operated at the centre wavelength of 1559.8 nm ow...

Clustering is considered to be the most significant method for resolving conflicts of data transmission and maximizing the life span of the network in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The sensor nodes are densely deployed to satisfy the coverage requirement; this causes some nodes to lazy mode. Some algorithms of cluster heads (CHs) selection were...

Sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are capable of sensing the surrounding conditions and transferring data to other nodes in the network. These nodes have limited capacity of in-out data transmission period. So to improve the flow, it becomes necessary to route data efficiently. As the network is self-organized, several security threat...

Clustering is one of the significant techniques for expanding the lifetime of networks in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It entails combining of sensor nodes (SNs) into clusters and electing cluster heads (CHs) for each and every cluster. CH collects the information from particular cluster nodes and passes the cumulative data to the base station...

Energy efficiency has become a primary issue in wireless sensor networks (WSN). The sensor networks are powered by battery and thus they turn out to be dead after a particular interval. Hence, enhancing the data dissipation in energy efficient manner remains to be more challenging for increasing the life span of sensor devices. It has been already...

The quality of communication between any two users in multi-hop wireless sensor networks directly depends upon the path selection among the available paths between end-users. The issue of selecting the optimized path from source to a destination becomes the necessary criteria for effective communication between end-users. The art of work mainly foc...

Internet of Things enabled Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (IoT-UWSNs) are quite useful in monitoring different tasks including: from instrument monitoring to the climate recording and from pollution control to the prediction of natural disasters. However, there are some challenges, which affect the performance of a network, i.e., void hole occ...

Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is established in water bodies such as oceans, seas and rivers to observe the activity of military, to perform rescue operations and to do mining activity of resources. The sensor nodes communicate through acoustic channels. These nodes have limited battery life (energy), narrow bandwidth and a channel is i...

The Internet of Things (IoT) industry is growing very fast to transform factories, homes, farms and practically everything else to make them efficient and intelligent. IoT is applied in different resilient scenarios and applications. IoT faces lots of challenges due to lack of computational power, battery and storage resources. Fortunately, the ris...

In the last couple of decades, numerous energy management strategies have been devised to mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas emission, hence introducing the concept of microgrids. In a microgrid, distributed energy generators are used. Microgrid enables a point which ameliorates in exchanging power with the main grid during different times of d...

An increase in the world's population results in high energy demand, which is mostly fulfilled by consuming fossil fuels (FFs). By nature, FFs are scarce, depleted, and non-eco-friendly. Renewable energy sources (RESs) photovoltaics (PVs) and wind turbines (WTs) are emerging alternatives to the FFs. The integration of an energy storage system with...

The feature of bidirectional communication in a smart grid involves the interaction between consumer and utility for optimizing the energy consumption of the users. For optimal management of the energy at the end user, several demand side management techniques are implemented. This work proposes a home energy management system, where consumption of...

Smart Grid (SG) plays vital role in modern electricity grid. The data is increasing with the drastic increase in number of users. An efficient technology is required to handle this dramatic growth of data. Cloud computing is then used to store the data and to provide numerous services to the consumers. There are various cloud Data Centers (DC), whi...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) comprise tiny devices known as sensors. These devices are frequently employed in short-range communications and can perform various operations such as monitoring, collecting, analyzing, and processing data. WSNs do not require any infrastructure, are reliable, and can withstand adverse conditions. Sensor networks are...

Recently, power systems are facing the challenges of growing power demand, depleting fossil fuel and aggravating environmental pollution (caused by carbon emission from fossil fuel based power generation). The incorporation of alternative low carbon energy generation, i.e., Renewable Energy Sources (RESs), become crucial for energy systems. Effecti...

Nowadays, constrained battery life expectancy is an important issue for reliable data delivery in an Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN). Conventional transmission methodologies increase the transmission overhead, i.e., the collision of packets, which influence the data transmission. Replacement of the sensors' battery in brutal underwater en...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of autonomous sensor nodes, which can predict the ambiance and act accordingly to transfer the data in adverse conditions. But limited energy and security issues restrict the efficient communication in such networks. Art of the work presented energy-based approaches using cluster heads and security is provide...

Nowadays, there is a stringent need for smart technology such as surveillance camera. Although these technologies can improve people's life they are not failure proof and can be hacked, leading to various threats. In this research, we present a new tool in network forensic. We investigate the possible illegal access (attack) on wireless surveillanc...

This paper presents cooperative routing scheme to improve data reliability. The proposed protocol achieves its objective, however, at the cost of surplus energy consumption. Thus sink mobility is introduced to minimize the energy consumption cost of nodes as it directly collects data from the network nodes at minimized communication distance. We al...

Background: Presently much attention is being paid to biometrics in the user authentication system, because multimodal is considered an accurate method to achieve higher degree of accuracy. Multimodal systems always give enhanced performance compared to unimodal. Methodology: The present study evaluated the performance of multimodal system by apply...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are well known due to its multiple application areas. It consists of tiny nodes, which are cheap and easy to deploy in several types of application areas ranging from industrial to health. The Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks (WBANS) are popular in health applications and play an important role for monitoring the c...

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are getting growing interest because of wide-range of applications. Most applications of these networks demand reliable data delivery over longer period in an efficient and timely manner. However, resource-constrained nature of these networks makes routing in a harsh and unpredictable underwater environme...

To keep information recent between two nodes, two types of link sensing feed-back mechanisms are used: link layer (LL) and network layer (NL). In this paper, we model and evaluate these link sensing mechanisms in three widely used reactive routing protocols: ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), dynamic source routing (DSR), and dynamic MANET on...

In this paper, we propose two routing protocols for Terrestrial Wireless Sensor Networks (TWSNs); Hybrid Energy Efficient Reactive (HEER), and Multi-hop Hybrid Energy Efficient Reactive (MHEER) routing protocol. The main purpose of designing these protocols is to improve the network lifetime and particularly the stability period of the underlying n...

Nowadays Wireless Sensor Networks WSNs are playing a vital role in several application areas ranging health to battle field. Wireless sensor networks are easy to deploy due to its unique characteristics of size and self-organizing networks. Wireless sensor nodes contain small unchangeable and not chargeable batteries. It is a resource constraint ty...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) were envisaged to become the fabric of our environment and society. However, they are yet unable to surmount many operational challenges such as limited network lifetime, which strangle their widespread deployment. To prolong WSN lifetime, most of the existing clustering schemes are geared towards homogeneous WSN. Th...

Human Activity Recognition (AR) using kinematic sensors is one of the widely used researched area based on smartphone. Development in sensor networks technology pro-vided birth to the applications that can give intelligent and amicable services based on the AR of people. Although, this technology supports analyzing different activities pattern, em-...

We develop a novel information gathering scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in which we consider n sensor nodes distributed randomly in a certain field to measure a physical phenomena. We desire to disseminate nodes’ data throughout the network such that a base station will be able to collect the sensed data by querying a small number of no...

Efficient energy utilization of in-body sensors is one of the hot areas of current research. In this paper, we present a relay based routing protocol for in-vivo Wireless Body area Sensor Networks (WBSNs). Firstly, we decrease the communication distance of in-body sensors to its minimum value. Secondly, we do not allow multi-hopping of data among i...

We propose forwarding-function (íµí°¹ íµí°¹) based routing protocol for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs): improved adaptive mobility of courier nodes in threshold-optimized depth-based-routing (iAMCTD). Unlike existing depth-based acoustic protocols, the proposed protocol exploits network density for time-critical applications. In order to tackle...

paper presents mathematical framework for calculating transmission probability in IEEE 802.11p based networks at Medium access control (MAC) layer, mathematical framework for calculating energy costs of the chosen routing protocols at network layer, and enhancements in optimized link state routing (OLSR), dynamic source routing, (DSR) and fish-eye...

This paper presents mathematical framework for calculating transmission probability in IEEE 802.11p based networks at Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, mathematical framework for calculating energy costs of the chosen routing protocols at network layer, and enhancements in Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Fish-...

In order to increase the network lifetime, scalable and energy-aware routing protocols are very essential for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In this paper, we propose a heterogeneity-aware Multi-hop Centralized Energy Efficient Clustering (MCEEC) protocol for routing in WSNs. Operation of MCEEC is based upon the advanced central control algorithm...

In this paper, we propose an Application-aware Threshold-based Centralized Energy Efficient Clustering (ATCEEC) protocol for routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The proposed protocol assumes that each wireless sensor (node) is capable of sensing two types of environmental dynamics; temperature and humidity. Operation of ATCEEC is based on a...

Due to low power consumption and low duty cycle, IEEE 802.15.4 standard is widely used for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR − W P AN s). It works in Beacon Enabled (BEn) and Non Beacon Enabled (N BEn) mode. In BEn mode, it has Contention Access Period (CAP) and an optional Contention Free Period (CFP). During CAP, nodes contend to acces...

Wireless Body Area sensor Networks (WBANs) enable innovative health care monitoring. Limited energy source of a sensor node limits WBANs for long time monitoring of health care. Efficient energy utilization is therefore one of the research challenges in WBANs. In this research work we analysed energy utilization of popular routing techniques. We fo...

Regarding energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Net-works (WSNs), routing protocols are engaged in a playful manner suggesting a consciousness of high value. In this research work, we present Away Cluster Heads with Adaptive Clustering Habit ((ACH) 2) scheme for WSNs. Our proposed scheme increases the stability period, network lifetime and throughpu...

Modern health care system is one of the most popular Wireless Body Area Sensor Network (WBASN) applications and a hot area of research subject to present work. In this paper, we present Reliability Enhanced-Adaptive Threshold based Thermal-unaware Energy-efficient Multi-hop ProTocol (RE-ATTEMPT) for WBASNs. The proposed routing protocol uses fixed...

Nowadays Wireless Sensor Networks WSNs are playing a vital role in several application areas ranging health to battlefield Wireless sensor networks are easy to deploy due to its unique characteristics of size and self-organizing networks. Wireless sensor nodes contain small unchangeable and not chargeable batteries. It is a resource constraint type...

To keep information recent between two nodes, two types of link sensing feed-back mechanisms are used; Link Layer (LL) and Network Layer (NL). In this paper, we model and evaluate these link sensing mechanisms in three widely used reactive routing protocols; Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and DYnamic MANET On-...

This paper presents and details the investigations into the effectiveness of various score level fusion approaches in both multi-sample and multimodal biometric systems. Experimental investigations are conducted using face and speech modalities. The scores for face and voice biometrics are based on the use of different features extracted from the X...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) differ from conventional network in deployment, application and working mechanism. Sensor networks are always resource constraint and small in size, computation and memory storage. In WSN, sensor nodes are normally distributed openly in harsh environment and have open access for inside and outside menaces which could...

Most of the Quality of Service (QoS) routing mechanisms involve periodic exchange of global state information which causes communication overheads. Therefore, localised routing is the method to avoid this problem. The network in this technique is inferred by the source nodes using statistics which are collected locally. The main aim of this paper i...

The biggest contemporary drawback in the maintenance and distribution of the global state is the increase in communication overheads. Localized routing is the method to avoid this problem. New localized routing algorithms called Highest Minimum Bandwidth routing (HMB) is introduced in this paper. The new algorithm is compared under different traffi...

Quality of service routing has recently been improved by using localized routing rather than global state information. The traditional global method is associated with many problems which are avoided by using the Localized Quality of Service (QoS) routing, where the source nodes using statistics which is collected locally. Three new localized routi...

The biggest contemporary drawback in the maintenance and distribution of the global state is the increase in communication overheads. Therefore, localized routing is the method to avoid this problem. The network in this technique is inferred by the source nodes using statistics which are collected locally. The main aim of this paper is to present n...

Most of the Quality of Service routing (QoS) routing mechanisms involve periodic exchange of global state information which causes communication overheads. Localized routing is a method to avoid this problem. The network in this technique is inferred by the source nodes using statistics which are collected locally. Three new localized routing algor...

Quality of service (QoS) routing has recently been improved by using localized routing rather than global state information. The traditional global method is associated with many problems which are avoided by using the Localized Quality of Service (QoS) routing. The network in this technique is inferred by the source nodes using statistics which is...

most of the QoS routing mechanisms involve periodic exchange of global state information which causes communication overheads. Therefore, localized routing is the method to avoid this problem. The network in this technique is inferred by the source nodes using statistics which are collected locally. This paper presents new localized algorithm Highe...