Tundi Agardy

Sound Seas · Marine Science and Policy

Recognizing two decades of failure to achieve global goals and targets, parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity are in the final phase of negotiating a Post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework for the conservation, sustainable use and benefit sharing of biodiversity. The framework attempts to set out pathways, goals and targets for the nex...

Nature Ocean Sustainability

Marine protected areas (MPAs) – clearly defined spaces dedicated to achieving long-term conservation of nature and nature’s values – have been identified as one of the most effective tools for safeguarding marine ecosystems. Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) are increasingly recognized as an additional tool to achieve global...

Consistency in conservation Marine protected areas (MPAs) are now well established globally as tools for conservation, for enhancing marine biodiversity, and for promoting sustainable fisheries. That said, which regions are labeled as MPAs varies substantially, from those that full protect marine species and prohibit human extraction to those that...

The acceleration of global warming and increased vulnerability of marine social-ecological systems affect the benefits provided by the ocean. Spatial planning of marine areas is vital to balance multiple human demands and ensure a healthy ocean, while supporting global ocean goals. To thrive in a changing ocean though, marine spatial planning (MSP)...

Important marine mammal areas (IMMAs) are discrete portions of habitat, important to marine mammal species, that have the potential to be delineated and managed for conservation. Although IMMAs are not a blueprint for marine protected areas or other conservation designations, they are useful for providing a foundation for marine spatial planning an...

The assessment and mapping of ecosystem services (ES) has become an increasingly important instrument for environmental management and conservation priority-setting. As such, this practice can be used in ecosystem-based Marine Spatial Planning (MSP). MSP is recognized as an opportunity to achieve socioeconomic and ecological goals simultaneously, t...

Baird harnessed the latest technology to improve the beach while minimizing environmental impacts and improving habitat wherever possible at a west coast location in Barbados. Baird used an Echoscope to precisely map bathymetry, living reef, and voids in relic reef. Following numerical and physical modeling, underwater structures for beach stabiliz...

Ensuring sustainable planning and management of the ocean space is of paramount importance, as no area of the world’s oceans is unaffected by human activities. On the contrary, a significant percentage is strongly affected by anthropogenic pressures. Marine spatial planning is globally widespread and a topic of increasing importance in the scientif...

Planning for marine areas, from coastal to open-ocean regions, is being developed worldwide to foster sustainable ocean management and governance. Over the past decades, significant progress has been made by governments in their thinking about marine spatial planning (MSP). MSP is globally widespread and a topic of increasing importance in the scie...

The Adriatic and Ionian Region (AIR) is an important area for both strategic maritime development and biodiversity conservation in the European Union (EU). However, given that both EU and non‐EU countries border the sea, multiple legal and regulatory frameworks operate at different scales which can hinder the coordinated long‐term sustainable devel...

The Adriatic and Ionian Region (AIR) is an important area for both strategic maritime development and biodiversity conservation in the European Union (EU). However, given that both EU and non-EU countries border the sea, multiple legal and regulatory frameworks operate at different scales which can hinder the coordinated long-term sustainable devel...

Instructions and considerations for ecosystem based management in a useful guide.

Coastal and marine ecosystems provide a wide variety of benefits to humans in the form of goods and services; collectively these are termed marine ecosystem services. In the Republic of the Maldives, coral reefs and associated habitats provide valuable ecosystem services such as fish and other food, natural hazard protection, climate regulation and...

The use of targets to provide measurable objectives and benchmarks for management, conservation, and restoration of ecosystems is commonplace. In the marine and coastal realms, targets have been successful in setting sustainable limits to fisheries harvests, thresholds for pollutants, and recommended amounts of representative habitat included in ma...

French translation of "Taking Steps Toward Marine and Coastal Ecosystem-based Management - An Introductory Guide" (UNEP, 2011). Available at: http://www.unep.org/esm/Portals/50159/UNEP_EBM_Guide_Francais.pdf

Spanish translation of "Taking Steps Toward Marine and Coastal Ecosystem-based Management - An Introductory Guide" (UNEP, 2011). Available at: http://www.unep.org/esm/Portals/50159/UNEP_EBM_Guide_Espanol.pdf

Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) mechanisms leverage economic and social incentives to shape how people influence natural processes and achieve conservation and sustainability goals. Beneficiaries of nature's goods and services pay owners or stewards of ecosystems that produce those services, with payments contingent on service provision ( 1 ,...

Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) mechanisms leverage economic and social incentives to shape how people influence natural processes and achieve conservation and sustainability goals. Beneficiaries of nature's goods and services pay owners or stewards of ecosystems that produce those services, with payments contingent on service provision. Inte...

The need to generate wider interest in coastal management, and to identify new funds flows that can support costly coastal planning, management, and enforcement of regulations, is great. Innovative financing mechanisms are being borrowed from the terrestrial world, adapted for special use in the marine and coastal environment, where property rights...

Migratory marine species (MMS) include many of the world's most charismatic organisms such as marine mammals, seabirds, turtles, sharks, and tuna. Many are now among the most threatened due to the diverse range of pressures they encounter during their extensive movements. This paper shows that 21% of MMS are classified as threatened (i.e. categoriz...

Mangroves are a type of tropical forest, uniquely positioned at the dynamic interface of land and sea. They are found along coasts and estuaries throughout the tropics and subtropics and are capable of thriving in salt water; prospering in conditions to which only a few species have adapted. Mangroves form the foundation of a highly productive and...

Over 1.3 billion people live on tropical coasts, primarily in developing countries. Many depend on adjacent coastal seas for food, and livelihoods. We show how trends in demography and in several local and global anthropogenic stressors are progressively degrading capacity of coastal waters to sustain these people. Far more effective approaches to...

1. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have gained increasing popularity worldwide as tools for biodiversity conservation and management of human uses. This rise in popularity has been accompanied by an increasing body of scientific papers and books on MPA design and management, the vast majority of which are almost completely focused on coastal or insul...

This State of the Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Environment Report (SoMMCER) synthesises available knowledge about major drivers and pressures affecting the sea and its coastal inhabitants, the Mediterranean environment’s condition, the current and prospective impacts of collective human activity, and emerging issues in coastal and marine manage...

A blind faith in the ability of MPAs to counteract loss of biodiversity is fraught with risk, especially when MPAs are poorly planned and when the consequences of establishing MPAs are not adequately thought out. MPA shortcomings are categorized as one of five main types: (1) MPAs that by virtue of their small size or poor design are ecologically i...

Fisheries management continues to improve and expand in scope, but increasingly governments cannot handle these management burdens alone. Governance with roots outside government, i.e., in civil society and in the private sector, can complement government-based fisheries management. Conservation or environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs...

Regulating activity across the seas could halt and reverse damage

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Abdulla, A., Gomei, M., Hyrenbach, D., Notarbartolo-di-Sciara, G., and Agardy, T. 2009. Challenges facing a network of representative marine protected areas in the Mediterranean: prioritizing the protection of underrepresented habitats. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 22–28. The high endemism of the Mediterranean Sea provides strong motivatio...

1.In February 2002, France, Italy and Monaco agreed to establish an international sanctuary for Mediterranean marine mammals. The resulting Pelagos Sanctuary encompasses over 87500 km2 of the north-western Mediterranean Sea, extending between south-eastern France, Monaco, north-western Italy and northern Sardinia, and surrounding Corsica and the Tu...

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have become popular tools worldwide for ecosystem conservation and fishery management. Fish assemblages can benefit from protection provided by MPAs, especially those that include fully no-take reserves. Fish response to protection can thus be used to evaluate the effectiveness of marine reserves. Most target fish are...

For decades people have tried to understand and define the relationships between population growth and migration, consumption, and environmental condition. Early simplistic formulas claiming a linear relationship between population size and environmental degradation have been shown to be deficient, especially when nuances of demographics such as mi...

Ocean zoning is a very significant marine and coastal ecosystem approach to reduce increased deterioration in coastal zones. The approach brings together various marine bodies such as coastal planners, watershed management authorities, fisheries managers in developing strategic and comprehensive plans for American waters. Ocean zoning also provides...

Marine fauna, especially cetaceans, rely on sound for a range of biological functions and are susceptible to the effects of marine noise pollution (e.g. Richardson et al., 1995). However noise, despite its implicit classification as a pollutant by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), is not subject to the same level of regu...

In order to develop management strategies for sustainable use and conservation in the marine environment, reliable and meaningful, but integrated ecological information is needed. Biological valuation maps that compile and summarize all available biological and ecological information for a study area, and that allocate an overall biological value t...

The contributors to this Theme Section describe the structural, technical, administrative, operational, socio-economic and scientific complexities associated with the adoption and implementation of a holistic ecosystem-based approach.

MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Mar Ecol Prog Ser Vol. 300: 241–296, 2005 Published September 16 Introduction Howard I. Browman1,**, Konstantinos I. Stergiou2 1Institute of Marine Research-Austevoll, 5392 Storebø, Norway Email: howard. browman@ imr. no 2Aristotle ...

Various problems faced by America's coral reefs are discussed. The country's most valued marine environment is continuously declining in size, health, and productivity due to diseases and over fishing. Experts suggest that government should acknowledge the magnitude of the problem and engage the scientific and conservation communities to solve it....

Nongovernmental conservation and environmental organizations have generally embraced aquatic protected areas (APAs) as effective tools in the arsenal available to protect biodiversity, safeguard ecological integrity, and allow sustainable use of marine and coastal ecosystems. Aquatic protected areas are extremely versatile and can be applied to ach...

1. While conservationists, resource managers, scientists and coastal planners have recognized the broad applicability of marine protected areas (MPAs), they are often implemented without a firm understanding of the conservation science - both ecological and socio-economic - underlying marine protection. The rush to implement MPAs has set the stage...

This book addresses ecological and environmental issues associated with responsible and sustainable marine fisheries. It includes 22 chapters and has been developed from the Conference on Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem held in Iceland in October 2001. Contents include: a global overview of marine capture fisheries; legal protection f...

Common property systems are a critical institution mediating the relationship between population change and environmental outcomes, especially in coastal and marine ecosystems. Evidence from El Salvador; Goa, India; and the Solomon Islands demonstrates how the social structures and institutions stemming from patterns of human migration variably inf...

As the role of marine protected areas as conservation tools becomes better understood and more sophisticated, their planning becomes more complicated. Systematic, objective approaches to site selection and design can help reconcile conflicting interests, represent stakeholders' viewpoints fairly and evenly, and extend the scope of planning studies...

Marine Resource Management: Conflict and Regulation in the Fisheries of the Coromandel Coast BY MAARTEN BAVINCK 394 pp., 10 figs., 22 × 14 × 2.5 cm, ISBN 0 7619 9470 X clothbound, GB£ 35.00, New Delhi, India: Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd, 2001 - - Volume 29 Issue 1 - Tundi Agardy

We describe broadly applicable principles for the conservation of wild living resources and mechanisms for their implementation. These principles were engendered from three starting points. First, a set of principles for the conservation of wild living resources (Holt and Talbot 1978) required reexamination and updating. Second, those principles la...

There are ample data that suggest fisheries exploitation affects not only target stocks but also communities of organisms, ecological processes, and even entire ecosystems. Conservationists, and the non-governmental organizations they represent, consider such impacts a cause for concern, because the loss of biodiversity that can result is largely i...

Marine protected areas are increasingly being used to protect biologically rich habitats, resolve user conflicts, and help restore overexploited stocks and degraded areas. The upsurge in the use of the tool has arisen in part because fisheries managers are now looking to reserves to complement conventional fisheries management techniques. In the Un...

We compared selected demographic parameters between 1980-82 and 1992-95 of the endangered Caribbean Brown Pelican in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Mean winter counts in 1992-95 (593) were 74% lower than 1980-82 (2,289). Mean young per successful nest was lower in 1992-93 (1.14) than 1980-82 (1.65). DDE, PCBs and mercury levels in egg sam...

1Some effects of fisheries on the associated biological systems are reviewed and management options and their inherent risks are considered.2In addition to the effects on target species, other sensitive groups impacted by fishing are considered including marine mammals, turtles, sea birds, elasmobranchs and some invertebrates with low reproductive...

The world's oceans are now attracting the serious attention of conservationists. Paradoxically, as the value of marine biological diversity is recognized, the ecosystems that harbor this diversity are fast becoming degraded. New thinking about how to conserve coastal areas has resulted in protected-area models that incorporate principles of landsca...

Coastal and marine areas the world over provide food, transportation, recreation, and energy resources to increasing numbers of people each year. As demands for these resources rise, the potential for user conflicts is radically heightened. This situation can be avoided or counteracted by instigating proactive multiple use planning. Multiple use zo...

The passage of Hurricane Hugo through the eastern Caribbean provided a unique opportunity for multidisciplinary study of (1) the effects of severe storms on tropical coastal and marine ecosystems, and (2) the physical and biological responses of those ecosystems to intense storm-induced changes. In addition to its direct value as basic science, thi...