Türker Özkan

• Middle East Technical University

The human factor is a prominent cause of traffic accidents. The formation of an individual's driving style has been found to be influenced by a variety of variables. In this study, the goal is to examine the moderating effects of the country (Israel and Türkiye) and the traffic climate on the relationship between the motivation for safe driving and...

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the driving behaviours of four ethnic groups and to investigate the relationship between violations, errors and lapses of DBQ and accident involvement in Qatar. Subjects and Methods: The Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) was used to measure the aberrant driving behaviours leading to accidents. Of 2400 dr...

Understanding pedestrian behaviors is crucial due to their responsibility for road safety outcomes. Young road users are the most vulnerable group regarding road traffic crashes. This study explores, for the first time in literature, the moderating effect of personality on the relationship between values and pedestrian behaviors among young adults...

The regional differences in road safety parameters have been attributed to cultural and economic factors. Nevertheless, there are differences in road safety outcomes between countries with similar cultural backgrounds and income levels. The current study examines this fact by considering the role of governance quality in the relationship between cu...

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, genç ve deneyimsiz sürücülerde sürüş becerilerine odaklanarak sürüş sırasında cep telefonu kullanımının belirleyicilerini anlamaktır. Spesifik olarak, sürüş sırasında telefon kullanımını algısal motor becerilerin pozitif, güvenlik becerilerinin ise negatif bir şekilde yordayacağı hipotezini test etmek için Türkiye’deki bi...

Anger is a common emotion in everyday life, and in the context of driving, the experience of greater anger has been positively associated with aggressive behaviour, near-misses and crashes. Although the effect of anger on driver behaviour has been studied, the role of the source of anger and the perceived level of skill of the driver experiencing a...

The acceptance of automated vehicles and advanced vehicle technologies by users is subject to different human factors variables. Personality, technology adoption, and prior previous knowledge about the systems have been significant determinants of people’s attitudes toward new technologies across different settings. The present study examined the e...

What does morality entail? This question has been answered with a rather narrow outlook in psychological literature for years that is not harming and being fair. With the advance of research on recent decades, the understanding of morality has been quite expanded. Advances in different fields enabled a more comprehensive outlook to morality. Specif...

Drivers may adapt their behaviors according to the changing driving environment. This behavioral adaptation can be subjected to various environmental and individual factors, such as the perceived level of risk in particular situations and attributions about the causes of accidents. Concerning this, the present study investigated the role of drivers...

Introduction: Emerging needs for logistics increased the use of forklifts last century. The extensive range in capacity and function for forklifts has eased transportation substantially. Literature supported the relationship between self-reported behaviors and skills and the accident involvement of drivers. Although driver operators’ behaviors and...

Introduction: Emerging needs for logistics increased the use of forklifts last century. The extensive range in capacity and function for forklifts has eased transportation substantially. Literature supported the relationship between self-reported behaviors and skills and the accident involvement of drivers. Although driver operators’ behaviors and...

Vehicle automation with new advancements is now a key component of the future of road safety. Users’ acceptance of automated vehicles is subject to varying impacts of human factors. Personality, as well as technology adoption and previous knowledge about the systems, have been crucial determinants of people’s attitudes toward new technologies. Conc...

Vehicle automation with new advancements is now a key component of the future of road safety. Users’ acceptance of automated vehicles is subject to varying impacts of human factors. Personality, as well as technology adoption and previous knowledge about the systems, have been crucial determinants of people’s attitudes toward new technologies. Conc...

Genel olarak, bu çalışmada kapsamlı bir kuramsal çerçeve kullanılmıştır. Demiryolları ulaşımında makinist ve yardımcıları açısından insan faktörünün değişkenleri farklı seviyelerde niteliksel ve niceliksel olarak ele alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular temelinde önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Önerilerde yer alan hedeflere ulaşmak için çeşitli engellerle ka...

Driver behaviours and driver skills are the two aspects of driver-related human factors leading to crashes and are affected by individual differences. Anger is a commonly experienced emotion in everyday life and in the driving context and has been positively related to aggressive behaviours, near-misses and crashes. Concerning this, the current stu...

Anger is a common emotion in everyday life, and in the context of driving, the experience of greater anger has been positively associated with aggressive behaviour, near-misses and crashes. Although the effect of anger on driver behaviour has been studied, the role of the source of anger and the perceived level of skill of the driver experiencing a...

Önceki AB15’te, iki-tekerlekli motorlu araç (İMA) sürücüleri trafik kazaları neticesindeki toplam ölümlerin yaklaşık %14’ünü oluşturmaktadır (Aynı gösterge Türkiye için yaklaşık % 10’dur). Kask kullanımında Güney ve Kuzey Avrupa arasındaki büyük farka rağmen, farklı kask kullanım oranlarının ardındaki nedenler tam olarak araştırılmamıştır. Bu, İMA...

Kazalarda yaşamlarını kaybedenlerin yarıdan fazlası yolcu otobüsü veya nakliye araçlarının sürücüleri ya da yolcularıdır. Profesyonel sürücülerin yaşamlarını yitirdikleri kazaların oranı diğer Güney Avrupa ülkelerinde çok daha düşüktür. Trafik kaza analizleri, insan faktörünün, kazaların %90’ında ana ya da yardımcı faktör olduğunu göstermiştir. Hay...

Emniyet kemeri kullanımı, olası bir trafik kazası sonucu ölüm ve yaralanma riskini azaltma konusunda önemli rol oynamaktadır. Emniyet kemerinin olası bir trafik kazası sonucu ölüm ve yaralanma riskini azaltma oranı, kaza sonrası ölümlerde sürücüler ve ön koltuk yolcuları için %50, arka koltuk yolcuları için ise %75’tir; kaza sonrası yaralanmalarda...

Projenin ilk amacı, ulusal ve uluslararası veri tabanlarını kullanarak özellikle Türkiye ve Doğu Akdeniz ülkelerindeki yüksek kaza oranının ardındaki nedenleri bulmaktır. İkinci amaç, yaygın olarak kullanılan dört trafik davranışları ölçeğini (örn., Sürücü Davranışları Ölçeği-SDÖ, Sürücü Tutum Anketi-STA, Sürücü Beceri Envanteri-SBE, Saldırgan Sürü...

Kontrol odağı, kişinin yaşadığı olay veya olayların nedenlerini neye veya nelere atıfta bulunduğuna odaklanır. Bu çalışmada, trafik ortamı için sürücü merkezli geliştirilen Çok Boyutlu Trafik Kontrol Odağı Ölçeği (T-LOC) ve Montag Sürücü İçselliği ve Sürücü Dışsallığı Ölçeği’nin boyutları karşılaştırılmış, sürücülerin kontrol odaklarının sürücü dav...

The locus of control focuses on the causes of the event or events experienced. In this study, the dimensions of the Multi-Dimensional Traffic Control Focus Scale (T-LOC) and the Montag Driver Internality and Driver Externality Scale were compared and the relationship between the driver’s locus of control and driver behaviors and driver skills was e...

Previous studies revealed a negative relationship between uncertainty avoidance tendencies and political interest at the country level. It implies that when there is a tendency to avoid uncertainties, citizens prefer not to be interested in politics. At the same time, there are findings in intergroup relations literature pointing to the intention t...

Why is there a significant gender gap in the global labor force participation? Is there a way to reduce vulnerable employment? May cultural values explain the gender gap in employment and male-dominant work structure? This research examined the associations between Hofstede’s culture dimensions (including power distance, individualism, masculinity,...

Background: Road traffic accidents have disastrous effects on public safety by resulting in millions of dead and injured people each year all over the world. Road safety strategies enforced by stakeholders such as governments play a crucial role in preventing these outcomes. Method: The present study investigates the road safety decisions taken by...

Automated systems present great capabilities with a wide range of options. In this respect, vehicle preferences and factors affecting these preferences are important for the future of automated systems. While automated systems offer varied features and improvements for drivers and general traffic safety, the relationship between drivers’ perception...

Personality factors could be evaluated as one of the critical determinants of road safety. The present literature review investigated the relationship between three- and five-factors of personality and driver behaviours, offences and accidents. A literature search was conducted by using the Scopus database on March 1st, 2019. The keywords used for...

The current study compared different driver groups and investigated the relationship between safety climate, driver behaviours, and crashes in a mixed group of professional drivers in Turkey. Two hundred and sixty drivers completed the scales developed explicitly for professional drivers, Transportation Companies’ Climate Scale and Occupational Dri...

Various researchers have investigated the personality correlates of defensive and assertive self‐presentation. Yet, only a few studies go beyond the direct relationships and examine the underlying mechanism. The current study examines whether the social comparison orientation (SCO) mediates the relationship between personality and self‐presentation...

Values are supposed to transcend specific situations and contexts. A country-independent relationship is expected between individual values and aggressive driving. The purpose of this novel study was to investigate the relationship between individual values and aggressive driving. The data were collected from five countries, namely, Estonia, Greece...

Self-report data collection methods are widely used techniques to gather information in studies related to road safety. One of the most considerable limitations of self-reports is social desirability bias. One way to overcome the possible detrimental effects of socially desirable responding is to control it by using social desirability scales. With...

Objective: Road traffic crashes are one of the crucial public health problems in Turkey and all over the world. Various human, vehicle, and environment factors have been associated with road traffic crashes and different policies, strategies, and interventions have been applied to decrease adverse outcomes such as deaths. Strategies adopted and app...

Traffic climate is a recent and one of the essential topics in traffic and transportation research. Various studies have examined the relations of traffic climate with driving outcomes such as accidents by using different versions of the Traffic Climate Scale (TCS). In a recent attempt, 16-items and 38-items versions of the TCS were examined in dif...

Speeding is considered a major risk factor for road safety. In this study, implementation intention, which is a type of cognitive intervention, was designed to reduce speeding. Implementation intentions are self-regulatory ‘if-then’ plans, which are the subordinate concepts of goal intentions. Additionally, the type of goal was considered as a fact...

Genç sürücüler arasında ölüm oranlarında rol oynayan faktörlerden birinin riskli sürüş davranışı olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Bu nedenle genç sürücüler arasında trafik bağlamında risk alma davranışının önemli bir konu olarak ele alınması gerekmektedir. Çevresel ve kişilerarası faktörlerden biri olarak değerlendiren ebeveynin, sahip olduğu bilgilerin, mod...

Driver anger and its expression are among the most studied topics in traffic safety literature. However, the function of gender roles, i.e., masculinity and femininity, in driving anger experience and expression has remained mainly unexplored. The present study investigates the association between driving anger and gender roles on the expression of...

Bu araştırma, 2015 yılında yapılan milletvekili seçimleriyle Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi'nde temsil hakkı kazanmış muhalif siyasi partilerin destekçileriyle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın amacı kişilerin yerel iç-grup (desteklenen siyasi partinin destekçileri) ve geniş iç-grup (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşları) ile ilişkilerini incelemek ve iç-grup ü...

Governments in every country have made attempts to encourage road safety, and road users’ perceptions of these attempts are crucial to understanding community needs and the effectiveness of road safety initiatives. However, while many studies compare countries with respect to fatality rates or possible causative factors related to these fatalities,...

The popularity of self-reports in traffic research has increased drastically. Self-reports include a great variety of different methods including questionnaires and inventories, interviews, focus groups, and driving diaries. Self-reports can be the most appropriate tool or even the only tool for many research purposes (e.g., for measuring attitudes...

The Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and the Driver Skill Inventory (DSI) are self-report instruments widely used in driver behavior research. The DBQ was developed to measure the frequency of aberrant driver behaviors, namely errors and violations, which the respondent has committed as a driver. The DSI measures a driver's view of his or her pe...

The contributing factors of aggressive driving have been studying in the last decades. Both impulsivity and narcissism are associated with aggressive driver behaviors. Although the role of these two factors were examined in the same studies, the combined role of these two factors hasn’t been studied yet. To understand the combined effect of them, i...

The contributing factors of aggressive driving have been studying in the last decades. Both impulsivity and narcissism are associated with aggressive driver behaviors. Although the role of these two factors were examined in the same studies, the combined role of these two factors hasn't been studied yet. To understand the combined effect of them, i...

The aim of the present study is to investigate the mediating roles of driving skills in relationship between organizational safety strategies and driver behaviours among driving instructors. Driving skills consist of perceptual-motor skills and safety skills. Driver behaviours are investigated under four factors: violations, errors, lapses, and pos...

The Traffic Climate Scale (TCS) measures the perceptions and attitudes of road users about the given traffic context with three dimensions: external affective demands, functionality, and internal requirements. The TCS was developed in Turkish and then translated into several languages. The main aim of the current study was to develop a shorter vers...

Road traffic injuries are one of the most important public health problems all over the world. Despite of the globality of the problem, driver behaviors, road traffic accidents and injuries show regional difference. Perceived traffic climate is related to driver behaviors. In order to predict driver behaviors, Traffic Climate Scale is used, which m...

Many studies have focused on the tendency of young drivers to drive riskily. However, little is known regarding time perspective, driving skills, and driver behaviors, even though time perspective is an important predictor of many risky behaviors. Time perspective is a general construct of the thoughts relating to present, past, and future. Broadly...

Many studies have focused on the tendency of young drivers to drive riskily. However, little is known regarding time perspective, driving skills, and driver behaviors, even though time perspective is an important predictor of many risky behaviors. Time perspective is a general construct of the thoughts relating to present, past, and future. Broadly...

Introduction: While road traffic accidents and fatalities are a worldwide problem, the rates of road traffic accidents and fatalities show differences among countries. Similarly, driver behaviors, traffic climate, and their relationships also show differences among countries. The aim of the current study is to investigate the moderating effect of...

The present study investigated differences in driver aggression for self and others within countries and cultural differences between driver aggression, aberrant, and positive driver behaviors across five countries (Estonia, Greece, Kosovo, Russia, and Turkey). It was predicted that drivers from these five countries differ significantly in terms of...

Bu çalışma, ulusal seviyede kültür ve trafiğe bağlı ölüm oranları arasındaki ilişkinin gelir seviyesine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını incelemektedir. Bu çalışmada, kültür Hofstede (2001) tarafından önerilen çerçevede değerlendirilmiş ve beş boyut (bireyciliğe karşı toplulukçuluk, güç mesafesi, belirsizlikten kaçınma, maskülenliğe karşı feminen...

Bu çalışma, ''neden bazı kişiler iç-grup üyeleri uğruna kendi yaşamını feda etme gibi aşırı fedakâr davranışlarda bulunuyor'' sorusunu anlamlandırmayı ve Sosyal Kimlik, Kimlik Kaynaşımı ve Göreli Yoksunluk Kuramları'ndan faydalanarak, kişilerin yerel iç-grup (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi destekçileri), geniş iç-grup (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşları) ve...

This study compared pedestrian behaviors in five countries (Estonia, Greece, Kosovo, Russia, and Turkey) and investigated the relationships between these behaviors and values in each country. The study participants were 131 pedestrians for Estonia, 249 for Greece, 112 for Kosovo, 176 for Russia, and 145 for Turkey. The principal component analyses...

The purpose of the article is to focus on national identity formation process in Turkey from the last years of the Ottoman Empire to the present day, and to underline how intellectuals or political party leaders shape the national identity. Parallel to the needs of the time, different approaches as Ottomanism, Islamism and Turkism were adopted in n...

Impulsivity plays an important role in aberrant driving behavior and crash involvement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Impulsive Driver Behavior Scale (IDBS, Bıçaksız & Özkan, 2016a) with a Chinese sample. Two hundred and ninety-nine drivers completed the Chinese version of the Impulsive Driver Behavio...

Trafik kazaları hem Türkiye’de hem de dünya genelinde önemli halk sağlığı problemlerinden biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Alanyazında yer alan çalışmalar sürücülükte insan faktörlerinin iki temel boyutu olan sürücü davranışları ve sürüş becerilerinin trafikteki olumsuz çıktılarla yakından ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma kapsamında cins...

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the moderating role of aggressive driving of others on the relationship between self-reported aggressive driving behaviors committed by driver himself/herself and drivers’ aberrant and positive driver behaviors (i.e. errors, violations, and positive driver behaviors) among drivers from Estonia, G...

GİRİŞ: Trafik kazaları ve bu kazalara bağlı ölümler ve yaralanmalar bütün dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de önemli bir problemdir. Gözlem çalışmaları ilgili önlemlerin belirlenebilmesi için öncelikle problem olduğu düşünülen duruma yönelik yapılabilecek çalışmalardan biridir. AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye genelinde ve İstanbul özelinde emniyet...

Road traffic accidents/fatalities and driver behaviors show regional differences. It is assumed that the perceived traffic climate in a given context is closely related to driver behaviors. In the current study, this assumption was tested cross-culturally for the first time. The aim was to compare the perceived traffic climate and driver behaviors...

Drivers have an important place in the traffic system when the human factor is taken into consideration. Drivers from different cultures are exposed to different values, norms, and traffic systems, and these differences may form various driver behaviors. Thus, traffic climate and individual values can impact driver behaviors. In this study, the rel...

This study investigated (1) the associations between young male drivers’ self-assessed driving skills and their driver behaviors on driving simulator, (2) the associations between their self-reported driver behaviors and their driver behaviors on driving simulator, and (3) the similarities and the differences between young male taxi drivers and pri...

Sürücü hatası kazaların meydana gelmesinde önemli bir paya sahiptir. Profesyonel sürücüler de trafikte uzun saatler geçirdiğinden kazalara karışma olasılığı yüksek olan bir gruptur. Fakat literatürde profesyonel sürücülerin sürücü davranışlarını tespit etmeye ve anlamaya yönelik yapılmış nitel çalışma sayısı çok azdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında profesy...

Several life changes and developmental changes are experienced by older adults. These changes require to use of coping skills. The aim of the present study is to investigate coping style differences of older adults by gender and residence type. With voluntary participation and confidentiality principles, the data was collected from 1770 older adult...

The purpose of this research, conducted after the 2015 parliamentary election in Turkey, was to investigate the relations of individuals with their local in-group and an extended in-group. In-group favoritism was interpreted using relative deprivation and social identity theories. Participants were supporters of the Republican People's Party, the P...

High speed selection and road traffic crashes are related to behavioural perceptions. These are the main cause of deaths or serious injuries. There is evidence to suggest that adaptive cruise control (ACC) increases the driver’s perception of having fun while driving, which affects behavioural factors. Thus, the study aims to examine the interactio...

Claims of universality for Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) require extensive cross-cultural validation. The present study aims to (1) develop Turkish versions of three instruments used to research MFT (MFQ, MFQL, MSQ); (2) assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish instruments; (3) test the assumptions of the theory against findings from the...

Traffic climate is about the road users’ attitudes towards traffic context and it is assumed that perceived traffic climate might influence drivers’ behaviors. In the literature, traffic climate was measured only by using self-report questionnaires. People might give biased responses to self-report measures due to social desirability. The aim of th...

Speeding is an important risk factor of road traffic crashes, and identifying the factors associated with speeding is crucial for road safety. In the present study, face-to-face roadside interviews were conducted to investigate the reasons of speeding among Turkish drivers at six different data collection times in two different cities. A structured...

The aims of the present study were to investigate the stability of self-reported seatbelt use among high and low belt use populations and to examine the relationship between self-reported and observed seat belt use at the individual and population levels over time. A total of three thousand two hundred sixty five drivers were recruited from differe...

The present study investigated the impulsivity and driving style link by measuring driver behaviors on the driving simulator. Previous studies examining this relationship mostly used self-report instruments to measure both impulsivity and driving related outcomes, therefore this study aims to test this association by using a relatively more objecti...

Pedestrians hold high responsibility in accidents because of their unsafe traffic behaviors. Pedestrian violations are an important traffic safety problem, especially in low and middle-income countries. The problem would be better understood and solved by theory-based research on pedestrian violations. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the p...

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı ilgili kuruma iş sağlığı ve güvenliği alanında “güvenliğin” daha öncelikli olduğu bir basamağa çıkması konusunda gerekli geri bildirimin sağlanması için öğrencilerin kampüs içinde yemek yediği yerlerde kurumsal güvenlik kültürünün farklı boyutları çerçevesinde yarı-yapılandırılmış mülakatlar ile değerlendirilmesidir.

Amaç: Çalışma kapsamında cinsiyet rollerinin sürücülükte insan faktörlerinin temel boyutları olan sürücü davranışları ve sürücü becerileriyle olan ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya toplam 228 ehliyet sahibi, 18 – 63 yasları arasında (Ort = 23.03, SS = 4.56), 146’sı erkek ve 82’si kadın sürücü katılmıştır. Katılımcılardan...

Road traffic accidents are one of the leading public health problem for all over the world and for all age groups, especially for young drivers. Driver behaviors and driving skills are important human factors components for these accidents. Examining the relationship between driver behaviors and driving skills provides detailed information regardin...

Mevcut çalışmanın amacı, sürücülerin algısal motor ve güvenlik becerileri hakkındaki değerlendirmelerinin işitsel ve görsel ikincil görevler sırasında sergilenen şerit pozisyonundaki değişkenliği yordama güçlerini araştırmaktır. Araç simülatörünün kullanıldığı deneylere toplamda 66 sürücü katılımda bulunmuştur. Görsel ve işitsel ikincil görev grupl...

Traffic Climate Scale (TCS) and Positive Driver Behaviours Scale (PDBS) are new measurement tools. The study aims to translate the TCS and PDBS into Chinese and to assess their factor structures in a large sample of licensed motor vehicle drivers in China. A further aim is to investigate the effects of TCS factors on drivers’ behaviours and traffic...

Aggressive driving has attracted significant attention recently with the increase in related road traffic collisions occurring in China. This study aims to investigate the effect of driving skills on aggressive driving behaviors and traffic accidents to find implications for traffic safety improvement in China. A total of 735 Chinese drivers were r...

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the physical, psychological, and economic burden shouldered by severely injured two-wheel users in three European countries as well as the cost resulting from their hospitalization. Methods: A total of seven public hospitals were involved in three countries: Greece, Italy, and Germany. Participants enroll...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between cultural variables, law enforcements and driver behaviours at the national level. Cultural variables included Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and Schwartz’s value dimensions. Law enforcements included national speed law, national drink-driving law, national motorcycle helmet l...

Meaning Maintenance Model (MMM) was proposed by Heine, Proulx, and Vohs (2006) in the article named "The Meaning Maintenance Model: On the Coherence of Social Motivations". Additionally, writers were interested in four different motivations and suggested MMM as the underlying motivation among them. However, there is a questionable point in the arti...

According to the World Health Organization, obesity is a major public health issue. In 2014, there were more than 600 million obese people around the world. According to the data of the World Health Organization, obesity rates differ among countries. One possible underlying reason of the difference can be culture, more specifically shared cultural...

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, trafikteki öz-düzenleyici davranışların Türkiye örnekleminde yaşlı ve genç sürücüler açısından incelenmesi ve Türkiye örneklem için hangi öz-düzenleyici davranışların geçerli olduğunun yaşlı-genç sürücü grupları açısından araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmaya 258 (120 yaşlı, 138 genç) aktif erkek sürücü katılmıştır. Yaşlı sürücüler...

Work stress is defined as a reaction, due to mismatch between the requirements of the job and the qualifications of employees, that challenge coping abilities of employees. Burnout is one of the negative consequences that may emerge as a result of prolonged exposure to work stress. Occupational stress and burnout may lead to several negative indivi...

Self-reported measures of driving skills have the potential shortcomings of the general self-report methodology such as social responding and self-enhancement biases. In the present study, the Implicit Association Test (IAT) procedure was adapted to measure the implicit evaluations of driving skills. The performance of IAT and an explicit, self-rep...