Tsuyoshi Hosoya

• PhD
• National Museum of Nature and Science

Schizophyllum commune, a common wood‐decay mushroom known for its extremely high genetic variation and as a rare cause of human respiratory diseases, could be a promising model fungus contributing to both biology and medicine. To better understand its phenotypic variation, we developed an image analysis system that quantifies morphological and phys...

With the simultaneous growth in interest from the mycological community to discover fungal species and classify them, there is also an important need to assemble all taxonomic information onto common platforms. Fungal classification is facing a rapidly evolving landscape and organizing genera into an appropriate taxonomic hierarchy is central to be...

Rust fungi (Pucciniales) producing uredinial and/or telial stages on species of Cyperaceae in Japan are listed based on literature records. Host plants and distribution of 92 species (86 species of Puccinia, 5 species of Uromyces and 1 species of Uredo) are described. Among them two new names and five new combination names are proposed in accordanc...

A recent classification framework for Leotiomycetes introduced the novel family Hyphodiscaceae in 2019. However, this endeavor was marred by phylogenetic misinterpretations and a limited comprehension of this fungal group. This resulted in an inadequate and uninformative diagnostic family description, an incorrect family delineation, and the reclas...

Basidiomycota is one of the major phyla in the fungal tree of life. The outline of Basidiomycota provides essential taxonomic information for researchers and workers in mycology. In this study, we present a time-framed phylogenomic tree with 487 species of Basidiomycota from 127 families, 47 orders, 14 classes and four subphyla; we update the outli...

Schizophyllum commune , a common wood-decay mushroom known for its extremely high genetic diversity and as a rare cause of human respiratory diseases, could be a promising model fungus contributing to both biology and medicine. To better understand its phenotypic diversity, we developed an image analysis system that quantifies whole morphological t...

UNITE (https://unite.ut.ee) is a web-based database and sequence management environment for molecular identification of eukaryotes. It targets the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and offers nearly 10 million such sequences for reference. These are clustered into ∼2.4M species hypotheses (SHs), each assigned a unique digit...

The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-ca...

Mycoviruses have been described in all major fungal taxonomic groups. There has been much focus on commercially cultivated basidiomycetous macrofungi, while attention to viruses from ascomycetous macrofungi is lacking. Therefore, in this study, we conducted viral screening against fungal mycelia that were regenerated from ascomycetous macrofungi us...

Forty-seven species of rust fungi (Pucciniales) were collected in the survey at Tsukuba Botanical Garden from 2021 to 2023. Among them, 31 species are newly recorded after the previous survey from 1984 to 1985 recording 31 species. Therefore, 15 species are confirmed to colonize and survive in the garden, and 16 species are suspected to disappear f...

The Japan Biodiversity Information Initiative (JBIF) was originally established in 2007 as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Japan National Node to aggregate biodiversity data in Japan and conduct publications through GBIF. JBIF was later renamed after Japan became a GBIF observer, but activities including data publication through...

The genus Cadophora was established as a dematiaceous asexual fungi characterized by solitary phialides with distinct collarettes, and phylogenetically suggested to be the asexual stage of the family Pyrenopezizaceae ( Helotiales , Ascomycetes). However, the sexual stage is unknown except in a few species. Cadophora fallopiae which occurs on the ov...

Mollisioid fungi, represented by Mollisia (Fr.) P. Karst., are characterized by soft, sessile apothecia with globose, dark-celled excipula, hyaline ascospores, and worldwide distribution in temperate regions. Their generic and species delimitation is difficult due to the lack of distinct features, and studies based on DNA sequences are urgently req...

Dr. Kobayasi and Mr. Shimizu described 31 species of Cordyceps infecting Lepidoptera. Holotype specimens of 14 species and two authentic specimens of one of the 31 species were rediscovered from a herbarium of the National Museum of Nature and Science (TNS). Registration numbers (TNS-F-number) were given to these 16 specimens, and one was lectotypi...

In a recently published classification scheme for Leotiomycetes, the new family Hyphodiscaceae was erected; unfortunately, this study was rife with phylogenetic misinterpretations and hampered by a poor understanding of this group of fungi. This manifested in the form of an undiagnostic familial description, an erroneous familial circumscription, a...

Some Asian fungi are morphologically very similar to European species but belong to different species. A fungus that resembles Pyrenopeziza petiolaris, which commonly occurs on the petioles of Acer pseudoplatanus in Europe, was found on the petioles of Acer spp. and other tree leaves in Japan. The apothecia of this fungus were smaller than those of...

Black subicula, comprising a mixture of two sooty moulds of Euantennariaceae and Metacapnodiaceae, on Pleioblastus were collected in Batongguan, alt. ca. 2800 m, Nantou County, Taiwan in 1984. The former sooty mould is described and illustrated as Euantennaria pleioblasti sp. nov., an asexually typified species of the genus, as currently circumscri...

We report the reference genome of Clathrus columnatus isolate MO-923, which was isolated from Chichijima Island, the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan. Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION and Illumina sequence reads were assembled using NECAT and polished using Pilon to yield a 36.51-Mb genome with 10,625 predicted protein-coding genes.

The genus Erioscyphella Kirschst., which was morphologically confused with Lachnum, was herein examined. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses using a combined dataset of ITS, LSU, mtSSU, and RPB2 and morphological examinations, Erioscyphella was distinguished from Lachnum and redefined by longer ascospores and the presence of apical amorphous m...

This protocol is intended for extraction of high molecular weight DNA from fungal samples.

Auricularia specimens deposited in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Japan, were observed to reexamine their species identification based on updated taxonomic criteria, and to verify the taxonomy and distribution of Auricularia spp. in Japan. Four of the ten specimens previously identified as A. auricula-judae were reidentified as A. ameri...

Fungi exhibit saprophytic, parasitic, and symbiotic lifestyles, and flexibly switching between them by the environmental changes and host conditions. However, only a few studies have elucidated the detailed changes in fungal DNA or morphology, including the formation of reproductive structures along with lifestyle switching. We hypothesized that Py...

We used DNA barcoding analysis to re-examine a sclerotial pathogen of bulb black rot of edible lily (Lilium leichtlinii var. tigrinum), previously identified as Sclerotium cepivorum var. tulipae. The barcoding sequence of the pathogens showed high similarity with that of Sclerotium denigrans, and detailed morphological and pathogenic examination co...

Ophidiomycosis is an emerging infectious disease caused by the fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, which has been affecting wild and captive snakes in North America, Europe, and Australia. We report 12 cases of suspected ophidiomycosis in captive colubrid snakes in Japan. Pathological and microbiological examinations were performed, and the results c...

Two new compounds, podogigants A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the culture broth of Podostroma giganteum. This is the first report on the identification of secondary metabolites in P. giganteum. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR spectroscopy assisted by chemical derivatization, which reve...

Microstoma longipilum sp. nov. collected from two localities in Japan is described. It is characterized by long apothecial hairs and salmon pink discs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses supported the novelty of the fungus. We additionally reported the overlooked morphology of hyphal mats, conidiogenous cells produced directly from ascospores, and con...

Global Biodiversity Information Facility（GBIF）日本ノードJBIFは、体制を刷新した2012年以降、国内における生物多様性情報に関わる活動の拠点として、生物多様性に関わるデータの整備や公開、それらの支援、普及啓発等の活動を行ってきた。日本は2021年6月をもってGBIFの公式参加国、機関から外れることが決定しているが、JBIFは引き続き同様の活動を継続していく。本稿は、JBIFのこれまでの主な活動をまとめると同時に、国内における生物多様性情報が今後進むべき方向、課題について意見を述べ、日本の生物多様性情報の発展について今後必要と考える事項について提案する。

Helotiales is one of the most diverse groups of apothecial ascomycetes, including 3000—4000 taxa. Recent progress in the systematics, ecology, and their applications through research is herein reviewed based on the experiences of the author with a special emphasis on activities in Japan. In the past 30 y, more than 50 helotialean taxa have been add...

Snake fungal disease (SFD) (Ophidiomycosis) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola which has been affecting wild and captive snakes in North America, Europe, and Australia. We report the cases of 12 imported captive colubrid snakes in Japan suspected of having SFD. Pathological and microbiological examinati...

The correct type species of Antennatula Fr. ex F. Strauss 1850 was quite recently considered to be Antennularia ericophila (Link) S. Hughes, not Antennatula pinophila (Nees) F. Strauss, and currently the illegitimate name Antennatula is regarded as a synonym of Metacapnodium Speg. 1918 (Metacapnodiaceae). Among Euantennaria Speg. 1918 and competing...

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During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), drastic environmental changes modified the topology of the Japanese Archipelago, impacting species distributions. An example is Fagus crenata , which has a present continuous distribution throughout Japan. However, by the end of the LGM it was restricted to southern refugia. Similarly, Dasyscyphella longistipi...

Type specimen of Lachnum japonicum Syd. & P. Syd. was discovered in the National Museum of Nature and Science (TNS). Based on the morphological reexamination of it, the species was transferred to the genus Trichopezizella. Trichopezizella japonica comb. nov. was proposed and the specimen was designated as lectotype.

The genus Candelabrum, an aero-aquatic fungus, produces chandelier-shaped conidia that can float on the water. Seven species have been described in the genus. Our phylogenetic analysis based on the D1/D2 regions of the large subunit rDNA (LSU) revealed that the genus Candelabrum contains two separate lineages, C. spinulosum group (C. clathrosphaero...

Protocols for DNA extraction from plants generally involve physical and chemical destruction of tissues. Use of these conventional methods precludes preservation of morphological information from herbarium specimens, especially for small plants with few leaves, and reduces the voucher value of specimens. Here, we developed a new, non-destructive DN...

A new species of euantennariaceous sooty mould, Antennatula katumotoi, is described and illustrated. It has a Hormisciomyces-like synasexual morph and inhabits twigs of the conifer Abies veitchii in Sugenuma (alt. ca. 1719 m), Katashina-mura, Tone-gun, Gunma Prefecture, central Honshu, Japan. The expected Euantennaria-like sexual morph linked to th...

Fungi in the class Leotiomycetes are ecologically diverse, including mycorrhizas, endophytes of roots and leaves, plant pathogens, aquatic and aero-aquatic hyphomycetes, mammalian pathogens, and saprobes. These fungi are commonly detected in cultures from diseased tissue and from environmental DNA extracts. The identification of specimens from such...

Three new species of Incrucipulum were described from Japan: I. foliicola and I. pseudosulphurellum on Myrica gale subsp. tomentosa and I. hakonechloae-macrae on Hakonechloa macra. Disposition to Incrucipulum was justified by molecular phylogenetic analysis based on ITS-5.8S, LSU and RPB2 regions, and monophyly of Incrucipulum was also confirmed. S...

Two Pyrenopeziza species, P. protrusa and P. nervicola known to have similar morphology, were newly reported from Japan. This study clarified that P. protrusa morphologically differs from P. nervicola in (1) more protruded outermost cells in ectal excipulum, (2) smaller ascospores, and (3) longer and thinner asci. Pyrenopeziza protrusa produces chl...

Hymenoscyphus fraxineus causes a lethal disease known as “ash dieback” in the common ash, Fraxinus excelsior, in Europe. It is hypothesized that the fungus originated from East Asia. This fungus is found on the leaf litter of the Manchurian ash, Fraxinus mandshurica, in Japan and is reported to produce apothecia on pseudosclerotial plates formed ma...

We used a culture-dependent approach to investigate root-associated fungal communities in Fagaceae roots at four fagaceous species-dominant forests in Japan. In total 1029 isolates were collected and classified, based on colony morphological features and molecular information. Species of order Helotiales (Ascomycota) were dominantly isolated at all...

A water foam sample formed in an ephemeral stream was obtained in Kita-Iwojima Island, one of the Volcano Islands south of the Ogasawara Islands, and its mycobiota was enumerated on a morphological basis. In total, 15 species among 13 genera and five unidentified fungi were recognized. The sample was characterized by the paucity in biodiversity, an...

Three new compounds, sydowianumols A (1), B (2), and C (3), were isolated from culture broth and mycelial extracts of Poculum pseudosydowianum (TNS-F-57853), an endophytic fungus isolated from fresh leaves of Quercus crispula. The structures of new compounds 1–3 were elucidated from spectroscopic data. Sydowianumols A (1) and B (2) exhibited antimi...

Since 2010, an unknown fungus in the Gnomoniaceae has been found on overwintered leaves and petioles of Styrax obassia (Styracaceae) in Japan. This fungus is characterized by dark brown immersed or partially erumpent ascomata with long necks and fusiform to obovoid asci each with an acute or long tapering stipe. Each ascus bears eight fusiform to f...

Accelerating international trade and climate change make pathogen spread an increasing concern. Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, the causal agent of ash dieback, is a fungal pathogen that has been moving across continents and hosts from Asian to European ash. Most European common ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior) are highly susceptible to H. fraxineus, althou...

The enigmatic basidiomycete genus Mixia includes intracellular parasites of Osmunda and Osmundastrum ferns. Here, the authors review the systematic and phylogenetic history of M. osmundae, originally known as Taphrina osmundae, and provide new data from investigations of specimens of Osmunda japonica collected in Yunnan Province, China, which we de...

Non-lichenised fungi from Fagus crenata, an endemic and major temperate tree species, were enumerated based on three approaches: fungarium specimens at the National Museum of Nature and Science; isolates obtained mainly from leaves and roots, and their molecular identification by barcoding region; and literature. In total, 209, 49, and 232 taxa wer...

Accelerating international trade and climate change make pathogen spread an increasing concern. Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, the causal agent of ash dieback is one such pathogen, moving across continents and hosts from Asian to European ash. Most European common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) trees are highly susceptible to H. fraxineus although a small mino...

Dacrymycetes, sister to Agaricomycetes, is a noteworthy lineage for studying the evolution of wooddecaying basidiomycetes; however, its species diversity and phylogeny are largely unknown. Species of Dacrymycetes previously used in molecular phylogenetic analyses are mainly derived from the Northern Hemisphere, thus insufficient knowledge exists co...

The Japanese mycologist, Yosio Kobayasi, described 16 species of Japanese Dacrymycetes. Almost all of the type specimens were thought to have been destroyed during World War II. In this study, Kobayasi's specimens were surveyed, and holotypes of six species, Dacrymyces adpressus Kobayasi, D. applanatus, D. pezizoides, D. puniceus, D. subalpinus, an...

The genus Lambertella is currently considered to be one of the largest genera in the family Rutstroemiaceae, and its major distinguishing character is the pigmentation of ascospores, besides a substratal stroma. Although Lambertella appears to be well-defined by morphological characters, its phylogenetic heterogeneity has been suggested in earlier...

Wood-decaying fungi are essential components of degradation systems in forest ecosystems. However, their species diversity and ecological features are largely unknown. Three methods are commonly used to investigate fungal diversity: fruiting body collection, culturing, and environmental DNA analysis. Because no single method fully characterises fun...

Ascomycete.org, 7 (6) : 311-314. Novembre 2015 Mise en ligne le 30/11/2015 Summary: Mollisia and its allied genera are known to occur worldwide as saprophytes and are easily cultured , but difficult to identify. They are also known as root endophytes, but a lack of morphological characteristics of endophytic isolates makes their identification chal...

The new chlorinated cyclopentenols, palmaenol A (1) and palmaetriol (3), were isolated from the culture broth of the discomycete Lachnum palmae (NBRC-106495). In addition, a new chlorinated cyclopentenol, palmaenol B (2), a geometric isomer of 1, was also obtained from the culture broth containing KCl. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated from spe...

We here taxonomically revise the suborder Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota). Sequences of SSU and LSU nrDNA and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1) are newly obtained from 106 Massarineae taxa that are phylogenetically analysed along with published sequences of 131 taxa in this suborder retrieved from GenBank...

A dematiaceous hyphomycete, isolated from frogs, was determined as the possible etiologic agent of a case of systemic chromomycosis this cold-blooded animal. The fungus was identified as Veronaea botryosa on the basis of morphological features observed in histopathological examination and molecular phylogenetic evidence. Although V. botryosa is kno...

The wheelset on a railway vehicle experiences the problem of hunting motion, the onset of which occurs when travelling above the associated critical speed. This is known as a flutter-type self-excited oscillation resulting from non-conservative contact forces acting between the wheels and rails. Traditional methods for preventing hunting motion whi...

Hymenoscyphus is a large fungal genus containing a single known severe pathogen (H. fraxineus) causing ash dieback in Europe. Here, the closely related species Hymenoscyphus linears sp. nov. is described from Japan. Apothecia of this fungus emerge from linear, black pseudosclerotia on rachises and petioles of Fraxinus platypoda. In culture, the spe...

Roesleria subterranea, a distinctive hypogeous fungus, was collected from unidentified deciduous plant roots in red pine forests. The fungus had been documented several times in the past in Japan, but with no description. A description is given here based on specimens collected in Japan. The sequence of the D1-D2 region of the 28S rDNA obtained fro...

Two Hymenoscyphus species new to Japan are described and illustrated: Hymenoscy-phus menthae and H. ginkgonis (Helotiaceae, Helotiales), the latter with characteristic spore pig-mentation and substratal stroma.

In the past two decades, European ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) have been severely damaged due to ash dieback disease, which is caused by the fungal species Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (Chalara fraxinea in the anamorphic stage). Recent molecular phylogenetic and population genetic studies have suggested that this fungus has been introduced from Asia to Eur...

Linked Open Data for ACademia (LODAC) together with National Museum of Nature and Science have started collecting linked data of interspecies interaction and making link prediction for future observations. The initial data is very sparse and disconnected, making it very difficult to predict potential missing links using only one prediction model al...

Sequences of several isolates obtained from fresh leaves of Quercus crispula in Japan showed high similarity with those of Poculum sydowianum in NCBI. Apothecia of P. sydowianum-like fungus were found from Q. cripula leaves as a result of field survey. A detailed morphological examination elucidated the difference between P. sydowianum and this fun...

Ash dieback is a fungal disease of ash trees caused by Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus that has swept across Europe in the last two decades and is a significant threat to the ash population. This emergent pathogen has been relatively poorly studied and little is known about its genetic make-up. In response to the arrival of this dangerous pathogen in t...

Under the rules for the naming of fungi with pleomorphic life-cycles adopted in July 2011, the nomenclaturally correct name for the fungus causing the current ash dieback in Europe is determined to be Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, with the basionym Chalara fraxinea, and Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus as a taxonomic synonym of H. fraxineus.

Understanding the genetic diversity and structure of invasive pathogens in source and in introduced areas is crucial to the revelation of hidden biological features of an organism, to the reconstruction of the course of invasions and the establishment of effective control measures. Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus (anamorph: Chalara fraxinea) is an inva...

We studied the spatio-temporal patterns in two fungal pathogens, Sporisorium kusanoi, along with Naemacyclus culmigenus, of the Japanese pampas grass (Miscanthus sinensis) in grassland communities on the Sugadaira plateau, Japan. Their disease symptoms emerged early in June, increased rapidly during the month and peaked early in July. We checked th...

Hyaloscyphaceae is the largest family in Helotiales, Leotiomycetes. It is mainly characterized by minute apothecia with well-differentiated hairs, but its taxonomic delimitation and infrafamilial classification remain ambiguous. This study performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using multiple genes including the ITS-5.8S rDNA, the D1-D2 region o...

Since the summer of 2010, a discomycete with erumpent apothecia associated with a leaf blight of Miscanthus leaves, were often collected. The morphological characteristics of the fungus suggested it was a member of the Helotiales rather than the Rhytismatales and this was supported by a phylogenetic analysis. Based on a morphological comparison wit...

Lambertella pyrolae sp. nov. occurring on decayed leaves of Pyrola incarnata is described, illustrated, and compared with morphologically similar taxa. The diagnostic characters of L. pyrolae are: elongate-elliptic to fusoid ascospores, the ascal apex not stained by Melzer’s reagent, presence of hairs, and ascospore pigmentation occurring before di...

A new chlorinated dihydroisocoumarin, palmaerin A (1), and three new brominated dihydroisocoumarins, palmaerins B (2), C (3), and D (4), were isolated from the supernatant of the culture broth containing KCl and KBr of discomycete Lachnum palmae, respectively. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated by spectroscopic data and X-ray diffraction analysi...