Tsan-Piao Lin

National Taiwan University | NTU · Institute of Plant Biology

In this report, four newly discovered native orchids: Bulbophyllum fimbriperianthium, Eulophia pulchra var. actinomorpha, Saccolabiopsis wulaokenensis, and Tropidia nanhuae, including a new record of the genus, Saccolabiopsis, are presented.

Ethylene Response Factor 1 (ERF1) plays a crucial role in biotic and abiotic stress responses. Previous studies have shown that ERF1 regulates stress-responsive gene expression by binding to different cis-acting elements in response to various stress signals. ERF1 was also reported to be unstable in the dark, and it regulates hypocotyl elongation....

This is a comprehensive name list of native orchids of Taiwan identified since the publication of Flora of Taiwan Vol. 5, second edition (2000). The 330 species, subspecies, varieties and natural hybrids of native orchids reported in that publication increases to 455 in the current list. Type information and selected references, diagnostic notices...

ORA47 (octadecanoid-responsive AP2/ERF-domain transcription factor 47) of Arabidopsis thaliana is an AP2/ERF domain transcription factor that regulates jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis and is induced by methyl JA treatment. The regulatory mechanism of ORA47 remains unclear. ORA47 has been shown to bind to the cis-element (NC/GT)CGNCCA, which is referred...

Although glutathione is famous for its reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging function and plays a protective role in biotic stress, its regulatory function in abiotic stress still remains to be elucidated. Our previous study showed that exogenously applied reduced glutathione (GSH) could improve abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Here, we...

In this report, 10 new native orchids (Brachycorythis peitawuensis, Bulbophyllum electrinum var. calvum, Bulbophyllum kuanwuensis var. luchuensis, Bulbophyllum kuanwuensis var. rutilum, Cheirostylis rubrifolius, Corybas puniceus, Erythrodes blumei var. aggregatus, Nervilia tahanshanensis, Oberonia pumilum var. rotundum, and Tainia caterva), two new...

Tropidia namasiae C. K. Liao, T. P. Lin & M. S. Tang, a new species of Tropidia Lindl. (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Tropidieae) from the Namasia District in southwestern Taiwan, is described and illustrated. The species is mainly characterized by its subopposite and ovate to lanceolate leaves and dorsal sepals (3.5–4 mm), the smallest observed amo...

Ethylene Response Factor 1 (ERF1) is an upstream component in both jasmonate (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling, and is involved in pathogen resistance. Accumulating evidence suggests that ERF1 might be related to salt stress response through ethylene signaling. However, the specific role of ERF1 in abiotic stress and the molecular mechanism underlyi...

AP2/ERF proteins play crucial roles in plant growth and development and in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 53 (AtERF53) belongs to group 1 in the ERF family and is induced in the early hours of dehydration and salt treatment. The functional study of AtERF53 is hampered because its protein expression in Arabidopsis...

Although glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are thought to play major roles in oxidative stress metabolism, little is known about the regulatory functions of GSTs. We have reported that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE U17 (AtGSTU17; At1g10370) participates in light signaling and might modulate various aspects of developm...

Transcriptional activities of plants play important roles in responses to environmental stresses. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR53 (AtERF53) is a drought-induced transcription factor that belongs to the AP2/ERF superfamily and has a highly conserved AP2 domain. It can regulate drought-responsive gene expression by binding to the GCC box and/or the dehydr...

Immature seeds can acquire the traits of desiccation tolerance and germination after precocious maturation. This process is associated with the accumulation of non-reducing sugars and late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins. LEA proteins were first identified from late developmental seeds and were proposed to be associated with desiccation toler...

The membrane protein AtTLP18.3 of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains a domain of unknown function, DUF477; it forms a polysome with photosynthetic apparatuses in the thylakoid lumen. To explore the molecular function of AtTLP18.3, we resolved its crystal structures with residues 83 to 260, the DUF477 only, and performed a series of biochem...

Gibberellin (GA) play important role in Arabidopsis thaliana seed germination. GA play important role to control the plant growth and seed germination process. Arabidopsis thaliana thylakoid lumen 18.3 kDa protein (TLP18.3) gene has a domain of unknown function. To examine the germination developmental regulation of this gene, Arabidopsis thaliana...

Genetic diversity within and genetic differentiation among three populations of Chamaecyparisformosensis Matsum. and two populations of Chamaecyparistaiwanensis Masam. & Suzuki were investigated using one-year-old seedlings collected from central and northern Taiwan. For C. formosensis 330 seedlings from 33 seed trees were used, while for C. taiwan...

Selaginella tarmariscina is a resurrection plant and we have cloned several genes for dehydration in S. tarmariscina through differential display. One of the gene (DQ471954) which has 68% homology with Arabidopsis thaliana thylakoid lumen 18.3 kDa protein (TLP18.3) gene. This gene has a domain of unknown function (DUF477) which is a family of uncha...

Drought and high salinity are the adverse environmental conditions that limit the growth of plants. Arabidopsis thaliana thylakoid lumen 18.3 kDa protein (TLP18.3) gene has 68% homology with Selaginella tarmariscina plant which can remain alive in desiccated state. The examination of the expression pattern of the TLP18.3 reveals that the transcript...

Arabidopsis thaliana thylakoid lumen 18.3 kDa protein (TLP18.3) gene (At1g54780) has a domain of unknown function (DUF477) which is a family of uncharacterized protein. According to the prediction of Aramemnon database, the chloroplast transit peptide (cTP) targeting sequence is located at the N-terminal of TLP18.3 protein sequence. GFP fusion prot...

The genus Chamaecyparis (Cupressaceae) is comprised of six taxa native to East Asia and North America. Two independent lineages from eastern North America to East Asia and from western North America to East Asia have been identified from phylogenetic analyses based on variation in plastid DNA (ptDNA). However, the trees inferred from a nuclear ribo...

Cinnamomum kanehirae Hayata (Lauraceae), the most valuable subtropical and temperate broadleaf timber tree in Taiwan, is rapidly disappearing from the wild. Taking advantage of a scion garden established by the Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, we examined patterns of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variations in 19 populations including 94 individuals....

Species in the varied geographic topology of Taiwan underwent obvious demographic changes during glacial periods. Cinnamomum kanehirae has been exploited for timber and to obtain medicinal fungi for the past 100 years. Understanding anthropogenic factors influencing the demography of this species after the last glacial maximum (LGM) is critically i...

Phylogenetic network constructed by both Chs and Lfy sequences. The figure shows the haplotype networks constructed using a statistical parsimony approach. The long-fragment indel of Chs sequences was treated as one-mutation step and recoded. The limit of 90% connection was used to estimate the network. Four geographic regions were indicated propor...

Polymorphic sites among haplotypes at Chs and Lfy. The table provides polymorphic information for both the Chs and Lfy loci for each haplotype.

Changes in effective population size in regional and pooled samples of Cinnamomum kanehirae. The figure shows the effective population size per generation for regional and pooled samples of Cinnamomum kanehirae based on Chs and Lfy datasets. The solid line represents mean values of the estimated effective population size with lower (0.05) and upper...

Pairwise FST of 19 Cinnamomum kanehirae populations. The table provides the pairwise genetic distance matrix obtained using Chs and Lfy DNA.

Plants respond to survive under water-deficit conditions via a series of physiological, cellular, and molecular processes culminating in stress tolerance. Many drought-inducible genes with various functions have been identified by molecular and genomic analyses in various plants, including a number of transcription factors that regulate stress-indu...

The hydrophobicity of amino acid residues in the α-crystallin domain (ACD) of small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) is thought to be important for polypeptide binding and play key roles in substrate protection. A molecular population approach was applied in an attempt to understand the geographic variations and selective forces exerted on the chloropla...

Arabidopsis thaliana thylakoid lumen 18.3 kDa protein (TLP18.3) gene (At1g54780) has a domain of unknown function, which is a family of uncharacterized protein. To examine the developmental regulation of this gene, Arabidopsis thaliana TLP18.3 T-DNA insertion mutant (SALK_109618) and wild type plant were observed for the effect of ABA, NaCl and man...

Positive selection in the -crystallin domain (ACD) of the chloroplast small heat shock protein (CPsHSP) gene was found in a previous study and was suggested to be related to the ecological adaptation of Rhododendron species in the subgenus Hymenanthes. Consequently, it was of interest to examine whether gene duplication and subsequent divergence ha...

CBF/DREB duplicate genes are widely distributed in higher plants and encode transcriptional factors, or CBFs, which bind a DNA regulatory element and impart responsiveness to low temperatures and dehydration. We explored patterns of genetic variations of CBF1, -2, and -3 from 34 accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular population genetic analy...

CBF2 sequence polymorphism. Description: (A) promoter region (accession nos.: EF523061~EF523093); (B) transcriptional unit (TU) region (accession nos.: EF523028~EF523060). The symbols are the same as those in Figure 1. From site 648 to 665 in the promoter, there were different numbers of TA and TAA simple sequence repeats among ecotypes, but this r...

S4: Sliding window plots of CBF2 and -3 polymorphism-to-divergence ratios. Description: Distribution of polymorphism to divergence ratios along CBF2 and CBF3 coding sequences using orthologus CBFs from A. lyrata ssp. petrea as outgroups. Each window contained 10 variable sites.

Information of ecotypes and seed stocks used in our research.

CBF1 sequence polymorphism. Description: (A) promoter region (accession nos.: EF522995~EF523027); (B) transcriptional unit (TU) region (accession nos.: EF522962~EF522994); UTR, untranslated region; CDS, coding sequence. Only polymorphic sites are listed. The number of each polymorphic site is listed according to its position in the sequence alignme...

Primer sequences used in the real-time PCR.

Primer sequences used in genomic PCR and sequencing.

CBF3 sequence polymorphism. Description: (A) promoter region (accession nos.: EF523127~EF523159); (B) transcriptional unit (TU) region (accession nos.: EFEF523094~EF523126). The symbols are the same as those in Figure 1. A 864-bp region (from site 420) was replaced by a 1798-bp insertion in the promoter of Kas-2.

Genomic PCR conditions.

Rice blast disease resistance to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea is triggered by a physical interaction between the protein products of the host R (resistance) gene, Pi-ta, and the pathogen Avr (avirulence) gene, AVR-pita. The genotype variation and resistant/susceptible phenotype at the Pi-ta locus of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon), the ancest...

Selaginella tamariscina, one of the most primitive vascular plants, can remain alive in a desiccated state and resurrect when water becomes available. To evaluate the nature of desiccation tolerance in this plant, we compared the composition of soluble sugars and saturation ratios of phospholipids (PLs) between hydrated and desiccated tissues of S....

The small seeds of Japanese Zelkova, Zelkova serrata, seem to be orthodox seeds and have been treated as such by foresters. In this study, the responses of the seed viability of mature seeds to combined range of moisture contents (2%∼18%, on a fresh-weight basis) and subsequent hermetic storage at −20 to 15°C for 2 years were investigated. Among th...

Evolutionary and ecological roles of the chloroplast small heat shock protein (CPsHSP) have been emphasized based on variations in protein contents; however, DNA sequence variations related to the evolutionary and ecological roles of this gene have not been investigated. In the present study, a basal angiosperm, Machilus, together with the eudicot...

Based on fossil pollen, the distribution range of Taiwan fir [Abies kawakamii (Hay.) Ito] (Pinaceae) is smaller than it was 50 000 years ago. To characterize the present refuge populations of A. kawakamii, which survive only in subalpine forests in Taiwan, we surveyed nuclear genes and chloroplast intergenic spacers to assess the genetic diversity...

This study infers a single origin and a once-widespread distribution of the Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum species complex in Taiwan based on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation. In total, 124 individuals from five endemic Rhododendron species were used for amplifications of two chloroplast intergenic spacers: trnL-trnF and atpB-rbcL. The haplotype a...

The storage behavior and germination characteristics of seeds of Taiwan tallow tree (Sapium discolor) and Javanese bishopwood (Bischofia javanica) were investigated in the present study. The germination percentage of freshly collected mature seeds of S. discolor from Duona, Kaohsiung County in 1997 was 59% over 16 weeks under alternating temperatur...

The storage behavior and germination characteristics of seeds of the fragrant manjack (Cordia dichotoma G. Forst.) and Chinese hackberry (Celtis sinensis Pers.) were investigated. Freshly mature viable seeds of these 2 species could completely germinate under alternating temperatures of 30/20°C with 8 h of light within 6 wk. The mean germination ti...

The genetic variation and divergence estimated by allozyme analysis were used to reveal the evolutionary history of Castanopsis carlesii in Taiwan. Two major questions were discussed concerning evolutionary issues: where are the diversity centres, and where are the most genetically divergent sites in Taiwan? Twenty-two populations of C. carlesii we...

Quercus glauca (Thunb. ex Murray) Oerst (Fagaceae) has a wide distributional range in Taiwan. In this study, the evolutionary history and the most genetically divergent sites of Q. glauca were studied using a nuclear gene marker, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Also, the consistency of the results obtained from nuclear gene and cytoplasmi...

Membrane phospholipids play an important role in acclimation of seeds to desiccation stresses. The aim of this study was to investigate the composition of phospholipids and the fatty acids in embryonic axes of several recalcitrant seeds and orthodox seeds. The range of ratio of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine in embryonic axes of re...

The storage behavior of seeds of Taiwan cow-tail fir (Keteleeria davidiana (Franchet) Beissner var. formosana Hayata) was investigated in the present study. A significant increase in the germination rate and a small but insignificant increase in seed germinability were obtained after chilling at 4°C for 1∼6 mo and incubating under alternating tempe...

Aim The purpose of this paper was to study the patterns of genetic variation, demographic history, haplotype relationships and potential location of diversity centres of two closely related species, Machilus thunbergii and Machilus kusanoi. Location The phylogeography of M. thunbergii and M. kusanoi was examined by sampling 110 and 106 individuals...

A migratory history of Trochodendron aralioides was postulated by integrating the published fossil records and the data sets of chloroplast (cp) DNA and allozyme. The populations from Taiwan, the Ryukyus, and Japan were investigated. The haplotype network of Trochodendron was constructed by the computer program TCS by taking Tetracentron as outgrou...

Aims To unravel isolation and differentiation of the genetic structure of the Euphrasia transmorrisonensis complex, a showy herb, among alpine regions of mountain peaks in subtropical Taiwan and to infer its evolutionary history. Location Alpine ecosystems of high-montane regions of Taiwan. Methods Phylogenetic analyses of the trnL intron and the t...

A non-destructive continuous monitoring technology was developed for documenting diurnal changes in branch weight using resistance strain gauges. The capacity of rainfall interception by the canopy can be directly measured by attaching strain gauges to the branch. The amount of water loaded in tree reaches a maximum in the early morning, and a mini...

In this study, we examined spatial patterns of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation in a total of 30 populations of Castanopsis carlesii Hayata (Fagaceae), a subtropical and temperate tree species, including 201 individuals sampled throughout Taiwan. By sequencing two cpDNA fragments using universal primers (the trnL intron and the trnV-trnM intergeni...

The objectives of this study were to determine effective dormancy-breaking treatments and to investigate the storage behavior of seeds of the sweetheart tree (Euscaphis japonica). The germination percentages of freshly collected mature seeds of sweetheart tree from Yangmingshan, Taipei (25°10'N, 121°33'E; elevation, 420 m) in 1999 were 0.3 and 26.8...

Luanta-fir (Cunninghamia konishii), an endemic to Taiwan, is an outcrossing, long-lived conifer. Populations of C. konishii are generally fragmented due to a once high intensity of timber exploitation. C. konishii and Cunninghamia lanceolata are two sibling taxa constituting derivative-progenitor species relationship. The amount of genetic variatio...

The effects of moisture content a increased nd temperature on the storage behavior of Chinese fringetree (Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxt.) seeds were investigated. Seed germinability could be maintained at -20°C for at least 24 mo at a moisture content of 4.8% (on a fresh-weight basis), therefore, confirming the orthodox seed storage behavior. T...

Aim This paper described current phylogeographical patterns of chloroplastic DNA variation of Trochodendron aralioides, a temperate tree species, and inferred its possible refugium in Taiwan. This information was compared with the known phylogeographical pattern of subtropical tree species. Location A total of 24 populations were sampled including...

Seed storage behavior of Lindera communis, L. megaphylla, and Phoebe formosana representing the Lauraceae, and Helicia cochinchinensis, and H. formosana representing the Proteaceae were studied. Effect of cold storage in moist sphagnum on retaining viability was also investigated for seeds of the 5 species. Seeds of the 5 species were dehydrated to...

Variations in mitochondrial DNA in Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb. ex Murray) Oerst. were studied in 140 trees from 32 populations collected from within the tree's natural range. By sequencing two mitochondrial DNA intron fragments (nad4/3-nad4/4r and nad7/2-nad7/3r), we revealed a total of 1788 bp and five polymorphic sites which allowed us to dist...

Phylogeographical and mismatch analysis of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation were used to infer the temporal dynamics of distributional and demographic history of Taiwan fir (Cunninghamia konishii). We examined 64 and 52 trees from 17 populations of C. konishii and 14 provenances of C. lanceolata, respectively, by sequencing three intergenic spacer...

The genus Chamaecyparis comprises five species and one variety native to Taiwan, Japan, Canada, and USA, which demonstrates a classical eastern Asian, western North American, and eastern North American disjunct distributional pattern. The phylogenetic relationships of the species of Chamaecyparis were inferred by comparing 1130 bp of the combined d...

This study examined the spatial pattern of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation in Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb. ex Murray) Oerst. (Fagaceae) in 140 trees from Taiwan (25 populations), Japan (three), Ryukyus (two), Hong Kong (one) and Mainland China (one). By sequencing three cpDNA intergenic spacer fragments using universal primers (trnT-trnL, trnV-...