Trudy R Turner

Trudy R Turner
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee | UWM · Department of Anthropology

PhD

About

154
Publications
17,423
Reads
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1,887
Citations
Additional affiliations
September 1977 - August 2021
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Position
  • Professor
August 2010 - January 2020
University of the Free State
Position
  • Affiliated Faculty
September 1977 - present
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
Position
  • Professor

Publications

Publications (154)
Article
Full-text available
Prof. Judith Masters and Dr. Fabien Génin obituarues
Article
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In the last 300 thousand years, the genus Chlorocebus expanded from equatorial Africa into the southernmost latitudes of the continent, where colder climate was a probable driver of natural selection. We investigated population-level genetic variation in the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 ( UCP1 ) gene region—implicated in non-shivering thermog...
Article
Full-text available
Primatologists use ecological models for understanding nonhuman primate (NHP) behavior and biology. Yet few studies have focused on the impacts of naturally occurring and anthropogenically derived toxicants in NHP habitats. For humans and NHPs, toxic levels of heavy metals frequently result in poor health outcomes including improper neurological de...
Preprint
The genus Chlorocebus is widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa, and in the last 300 thousand years expanded from equatorial Africa into the southernmost latitudes of the continent. In these new environments, colder climate was a likely driver of natural selection. We investigated population-level genetic variation in the mitochondrial un...
Article
Open data sharing democratizes science by making data more equitably available throughout the world. Furthermore, open data sharing improves the reproducibility and quality of research and enables new collaborations powered by the freely available data. Open data are defined as data that can be freely used, reused, and redistributed by anyone. For...
Chapter
From foraging patterns in a single tree to social interactions across a home range, how primates use space is a key question in the field of primate behavioral ecology. Drawing on the latest advances in spatial analysis tools, this book offers practical guidance on applying geographic information systems (GIS) to central questions in primatology. A...
Article
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Background The microbiota plays an important role in HIV pathogenesis in humans. Microbiota can impact health through several pathways such as increasing inflammation in the gut, metabolites of bacterial origin, and microbial translocation from the gut to the periphery which contributes to systemic chronic inflammation and immune activation and the...
Article
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The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has devastated health infrastructure around the world. Both ACE2 (an entry receptor) and TMPRSS2 (used by the virus for spike protein priming) are key proteins to SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, enabling progression to COVID-19 in humans. Comparative genomic research into critical ACE2 binding sit...
Preprint
Full-text available
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has devastated health infrastructure around the world. Both ACE2 (an entry receptor) and TMPRSS2 (used by the virus for spike protein priming) are key proteins to SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, enabling progression to COVID-19 in humans. Comparative genomic research into critical ACE2 binding sit...
Preprint
Full-text available
Anthropogenic landscapes are rapidly replacing natural nonhuman primate habitats. Yet, the access to anthropogenic resources on primate biology, health, and fitness remain poorly studied. Given their ubiquity across a range of human impacted landscapes, from cities to national parks, savanna monkeys ( Chlorocebus spp.) provide an excellent study sy...
Preprint
Full-text available
Background: The microbiota plays an important role in HIV pathogenesis in humans. Microbiota can impact health through several pathways such as increasing inflammation in the gut, metabolites of bacterial origin, and microbial translocation from the gut to the periphery which contributes to systemic chronic inflammation, immune activation, and the...
Book
Cambridge Core - Animal Behaviour - Savanna Monkeys - by Trudy R. Turner
Article
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In the version of this article published, in the Online Methods eight citations to supplementary material refer to the wrong supplementary items. See the correction notice for full details.
Article
Patricia Whitten (1951–2016), Professor of Anthropology at Emory University, was a primatologist who used hormonal analysis to supplement and understand behavior in an array of primate species. She established the Laboratory of Reproductive Ecology and Environmental Toxicology at Emory University and collaborated with numerous scholars working on v...
Article
Phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary relationships of organisms. The end result of a phylogenetic analysis is a phylogeny which defines the ancestral–descendent relationships between groups of organisms. There are multiple ways to construct phylogenies that utilize either phenotypic, morphological, or genetic similarities. Methods of cons...
Article
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Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) are one of the most widely distributed non-human primate species found in South Africa. They occur across all the South African provinces, inhabiting a large variety of habitats. These habitats vary sufficiently that it can be assumed that various factors such as pathogen diversity could influence population...
Data
Table S1. Sample list of 81 vervet monkeys sampled from across the vervet monkey distribution range for the current study. Locality information, group ID, no of troops per group, sex, sample ID and DNA amplification success for each gene fragment is provided.
Data
Table S3. The statistical results from the Generalized linear model (GLM) analyses performed on the vervet monkey ACR, TLR4, TLR7 sequences from the current study and D-loop DNA sequences from Turner et al (2016b). Values of very small magnitude were rounded to four decimal places.
Data
Table S4. Site-by-site results for selection obtained from three different selection analyses. Significance values (p-value/Posterior probability) are in bold. Candidate sites identified are highlighted in grey.
Preprint
Full-text available
Vervet monkeys ( Chlorocebus pygerythrus ) are one of the most widely distributed non-human primate species found in South Africa. They occur across all the South African provinces, inhabiting a large variety of habitats. These habitats vary sufficiently that it can be assumed that various factors such as pathogen diversity could influence populati...
Preprint
Vervet monkeys ( Chlorocebus pygerythrus ) are one of the most widely distributed non-human primate species found in South Africa. They occur across all the South African provinces, inhabiting a large variety of habitats. These habitats vary sufficiently that it can be assumed that various factors such as pathogen diversity could influence populati...
Article
American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA) membership surveys from 1996 and 1998 revealed significant gender disparities in academic status. A 2014 follow-up survey showed that gender equality had improved, particularly with respect to the number of women in tenure-stream positions. However, although women comprised 70% of AAPA members...
Preprint
Full-text available
Vervet monkeys ( Chlorocebus pygerythrus ) are one of the most widely distributed non-human primate species found in South Africa. They occur across all the South African provinces, inhabiting a large variety of habitats. These habitats vary sufficiently that it can be assumed that various factors such as pathogen diversity could influence populati...
Preprint
Full-text available
Vervet monkeys ( Chlorocebus pygerythrus ) are one of the most widely distributed non-human primate species found in South Africa. They occur across all the South African provinces, inhabiting a large variety of habitats. These habitats vary sufficiently that it can be assumed that various factors such as pathogen diversity could influence populati...
Article
Full-text available
Ethics is defined as“moral principles or a system of these,”or“moralprinciples, maxims, precepts or observations concerning these”(Ethics,2017). For a discipline or a profession, these principles are often articu-lated in a code of ethics or a code of conduct. These codes express aprofessional society’s understanding of the obligations, strictures...
Article
Objectives Direct comparative work in morphology and growth on widely dispersed wild primate taxa is rarely accomplished, yet critical to understanding ecogeographic variation, plastic local variation in response to human impacts, and variation in patterns of growth and sexual dimorphism. We investigated population variation in morphology and growt...
Preprint
Full-text available
Vervet monkeys ( Chlorocebus pygerythrus ) are one of the most widely distributed non-human primate species found in South Africa. They occur across all the South African provinces, inhabiting a large variety of habitats. These habitats vary sufficiently that it can be assumed that various factors such as pathogen diversity could influence populati...
Preprint
American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA) membership surveys from 1996 and 1998 revealed significant gender disparities in academic status. A 2014 follow-up survey showed that gender equality had improved, particularly with respect to the number of women in tenure-stream positions. However, although women comprised 70% of AAPA members...
Article
Full-text available
Vervet monkeys are among the most widely distributed nonhuman primates, show considerable phenotypic diversity, and have long been an important biomedical model for a variety of human diseases and in vaccine research. Using whole-genome sequencing data from 163 vervets sampled from across Africa and the Caribbean, we find high diversity within and...
Conference Paper
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The rapid spread of Homo erectus from Africa, especially into the more temperate climates of Eurasia, has been variously attributed to technological, energetic, and foraging shifts. The temporal and regional anatomical variation in H. erectus suggests a high level of developmental plasticity, or the ability to modify development in response to envi...
Chapter
Savanna primates, including vervets and baboons, are geographically widespread and adapted to the mosaic environment of the savanna. They have been studied extensively and information about them has been critical to an understanding of evolutionary forces and speciation. Studies of savanna primates generated an examination of differences in behavio...
Preprint
Full-text available
Vervet monkeys (genus Chlorocebus , also known as African green monkeys), are highly abundant in savannahs and riverine forests throughout sub-Saharan Africa. They are amongst the most widely distributed nonhuman primates, show considerable phenotypic diversity, and have long been an important biomedical model for a variety of human diseases and in...
Article
Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen of humans and animals. We genome sequenced 90 S. aureus isolates from The Gambia: 46 isolates from invasive disease in humans, 13 human carriage isolates, and 31 monkey carriage isolates. We inferred multiple anthroponotic transmissions of S. aureus from humans to green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) in...
Article
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Importance: The population structures of Staphylococcus aureus in humans and monkeys in sub-Saharan Africa have been previously described using MLST. However, these data lack the power to accurately infer details regarding the origin and maintenance of new adaptive lineages. Here, we describe the use of whole genome sequencing to detect transmissi...
Article
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Homo erectus was the first hominin to exhibit extensive range expansion. This extraordinary departure from Africa , especially into more temperate climates of Eurasia, has been variously related to technological, energetic and foraging shifts. The temporal and regional anatomical variation in H. erectus suggests that a high level of developmental p...
Article
Weight and 34 morphological measurements were obtained from 103 vervet monkeys living either in the wild or in captive colonies derived from the wild populations on the island of St. Kitts in the Eastern Caribbean. All measures were taken during the same week, eliminating bias that might result from changing seasonal environmental conditions. Verve...
Article
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Background: The human gut microbiota interacts closely with human diet and physiology. To better understand the mechanisms behind this relationship, gut microbiome research relies on complementing human studies with manipulations of animal models, including non-human primates. However, due to unique aspects of human diet and physiology, it is like...
Article
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We describe a genome reference of the African green monkey or vervet (Chlorocebus aethiops). This member of the Old World monkey (OWM) superfamily is uniquely valuable for genetic investigations of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), of which it is the most abundant natural host species, and of a wide range of health-related phenotypes assessed in...
Article
Full-text available
We describe a genome reference of the African green monkey or vervet (Chlorocebus aethiops). This member of the Old World monkey (OWM) superfamily is uniquely valuable for genetic investigations of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), of which it is the most abundant natural host species, and of a wide range of health-related phenotypes assessed in...
Article
Full-text available
Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) often live in close proximity to humans. Vervets are known to raid crops, homes and gardens in suburban areas leading to human–vervet conflict. In general, primate groups with access to human foods experience increased population densities and intra-group aggression. This suggests high stress loads for vervets...
Article
Vervet monkeys are common in most tree-rich areas of South Africa, but their absence from grassland and semi-desert areas of the country suggest potentially restricted and mosaic local population patterns that may have relevance to local phenotype patterns and selection. A portion of the mitochondrial DNA control region was sequenced to study patte...
Article
Sexual traits vary tremendously in static allometry. This variation may be explained in part by body size-related differences in the strength of selection. We tested this hypothesis in two populations of vervet monkeys, using estimates of the level of condition dependence for different morphological traits as a proxy for body size-related variation...
Article
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In many animal groups, the size of male genitalia scales shallowly with individual body size. This widespread pattern appears to admit some exceptions. For instance, steep allometries have been reported for vertebrate genitalia. This exception, however, may be due to a confounding effect arising from the continued growth of some structures during a...
Article
A growing focus of nonhuman primate conservation and management planning concerns factors affecting the dynamics of parasite infection and disease transmission. Here, we examine the effects of anthropogenic and environmental components of the landscape on the prevalence, richness, and species diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in wild-caught v...
Article
Full-text available
This study seeks to understand how humans impact the dietary patterns of eight free-ranging vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) groups in South Africa using stable isotope analysis. Vervets are omnivores that exploit a wide range of habitats including those that have been anthropogenically-disturbed. As humans encroach upon nonhuman primate lan...
Article
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Unlabelled: African green monkeys (AGMs) are naturally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) at high prevalence levels and do not progress to AIDS. Sexual transmission is the main transmission route in AGM, while mother-to-infant transmission (MTIT) is negligible. We investigated SIV transmission in wild AGMs to assess whether or not h...
Conference Paper
The 83rd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (2014) Biological resources for genomic investigation in vervet monkey (Chlorocebus) ANNA J. JASINSKA1, CHRISTOPHER A. SCHMITT1, DONGZHU MA2, YU HUANG1, HANNES SVARDAL3, JESSICA WASSERCHEID4, J. PAUL GROBLER5, MATHEW JORENSEN6, MICHAELA MULLER-TRUTWIN7, MARTIN ANTONIO8...
Article
Collecting and storing research materials is within the purview of all anthropologists. The establishment of collections, especially the large new biobanks of biological materials, requires an examination of the ways in which ethical first principles of autonomy, beneficence, and justice integrate with the goals and scientific aims of the collectio...
Article
Full-text available
A growing focus of nonhuman primate conservation and management planning concerns factors affecting the dynamics of parasite infection and disease transmission. Here, we examine the effects of anthropogenic and environmental components of the landscape on the prevalence, richness, and species diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in wild-caught v...
Article
Full-text available
Nonhuman primates (NHP) provide crucial biomedical model systems intermediate between rodents and humans. The vervet monkey (also called the African green monkey) is a widely used NHP model that has unique value for genetic and genomic investigations of traits relevant to human diseases. This article describes the phylogeny and population history o...
Article
Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) exhibit bright blue scrotal skin which may function to mediate social interactions by acting as a socio-sexual signal. Previous research on scrotal coloration among vervet monkeys was limited to experimental work on captive Ch. a. sabaeus, the least colorful vervet subspecies, and two field studies of the more...
Conference Paper
African green monkey (AGM) also known as vervet (Chlorocebus aethiops) is a Non-Human Primate (NHP) species broadly used in biomedical research, in particular in areas of neurobehavioral biology, cardiometabolic and infectious diseases. We employed a whole genome sequencing (WGS) approach to characterize genome wide genetic variation in both captiv...
Article
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Pathogenesis studies of SIV infection have not been performed to date in wild monkeys due to difficulty in collecting and storing samples on site and the lack of analytical reagents covering the extensive SIV diversity. We performed a large scale study of molecular epidemiology and natural history of SIVagm infection in 225 free-ranging AGMs from m...
Data
Maximum likelihood trees for env gene of the newly derived SIVagmVer sequences from wild vervets in South Africa. Maximum likelihood estimates were performed using 1000 replicate bootstrap analysis. Internal nodes indicate level of support values for internal branching. Sequences are colored depending on the region in which the sequences were sampl...
Data
SplitsTree showing the pol gene of South African SIVagmVer sequences. Nodes are colored by the region in which they were sampled, with red, blue and green denoting Free State, East Coast and KwaZulu-Natal, respectively. Potentially interesting recombinants have been circled, including VMT17083-IM-Gariep_FS and a cluster indicating possible mixing b...
Data
Comparative body mass index (BMI) assessment based on age and location in SIV-infected and SIV uninfected wild vervet monkeys ( Chlorocebus pygerithrus ) from South Africa. (TIFF)