Trivia Frazier

Obatala Sciences, Incorporated

Background Bone defect causes softening of bone, reduction of bone density and mass, and degenerating bone microstructure which directly leads to bone fractures. Tissue-derived engineered cell-seeded hydrogel scaffolds are considered a promising strategy for the treatment of such defects. Among the most important objectives is to develop a unique b...

Adipose tissue is widely recognized as an abundant and accessible human tissue that serves as a source of cells and extracellular matrix scaffolds for regenerative surgical applications. Increasingly, orthopedic surgeons are turning to adipose tissue as a resource in their treatment of osteoarthritis and related conditions. In the U.S., the regulat...

Articular cartilage is composed of chondrocytes surrounded by a porous permeable extracellular matrix. It has a limited spontaneous healing capability post-injury which, if left untreated, can result in severe osteochondral disease. Currently, osteochondral (OC) defects are treated by bone marrow stimulation, artificial joint replacement, or transp...

Tissue engineering is a promising approach for the repair and regeneration of cartilagi-nous tissue. Appropriate three-dimensional scaffolding materials that mimic cartilage are ideal for the repair of chondral defects. The emerging decellularized tissue-based scaffolds have the potential to provide essential biochemical signals and structural inte...

Microphysiological systems (MPS) created with human-derived cells and biomaterial scaffolds offer a potential in vitro alternative to in vivo animal models. The adoption of three-dimensional MPS models has economic, ethical, regulatory, and scientific implications for the fields of regenerative medicine, metabolism/obesity, oncology, and pharmaceut...

Monitoring wound progression over time is a critical aspect for studies focused on in-depth molecular analysis or on evaluating the efficacy of potential novel therapies. Histopathological analysis of wound biopsies can provide significant insight into healing dynamics, yet there is no standardized and reproducible scoring system currently availabl...

Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASC) are widely used for in vitro modeling of physiologically relevant human adipose tissue. These models are useful for the development of tissue constructs for soft tissue regeneration and 3-dimensional (3D) microphysiological systems (MPS) for drug discovery. In this systematic review, we report on the...

International regulatory agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration have mandated that the scientific community develop humanized microphysiological systems (MPS) as an in vitro alternative to animal models in the near future. While the breast cancer research community has long appreciated the importance of three-dimensional (3D) growth dyna...

Human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have potential to improve wound healing; however, their equivalents from domestic animals have received less attention as an alternative cell-based therapy for animals or even humans. Hypoxia is essential for maintaining stem cell functionality in tissue-specific niches. However, a cellular response to low ox...

Acute and chronic skin wounds due to burns, pressure injuries, and trauma represent a substantial challenge to healthcare delivery with particular impacts on geriatric, paraplegic, and quadriplegic demographics worldwide. Nevertheless, the current standard of care relies extensively on preventive measures to mitigate pressure injury, surgical debri...

In the current issue of Acta Physiologica, Fan et al. report that light activation enhances and prolongs the regenerative properties of adipose‐derived stromal/stem cells in a murine hindlimb ischaemia model through mechanisms involving secretion of angiogenic and vasculogenic factors. To understand why this finding merits a highlight, it helps to...

Obesity, defined as a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or above, has increased considerably in incidence and frequency within the United States and globally. Associated comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease have led to a focus on the mechanisms promoting the pre...

The obesity epidemic and its associated co-morbidities present a looming challenge to health care delivery throughout the world. Obesity is characterized as a sterile inflammatory process within adipose tissues leading to dysregulated secretion of bio-active adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin as well as systemic metabolic dysfunction. The ma...

Pressure ulcers result in part due to ischemia reperfusion injury to the skin and present frequently in elderly or quadriplegic patients with reduced mobility. In spite of the high economic and societal cost of this condition, pressure ulcer therapy relies primarily on preventive strategies and invasive surgical intervention. A growing body of clin...

Pressure injuries/ulcers are frequent complications in elderly, paraplegic, and quadriplegic patients that account for considerable cost to the international health care economy and remain refractory to current treatment options. Autologous or allogeneic adult stromal/stem cells represent an alternative therapeutic approach. The current study exten...

Although adipose tissue and cells show considerable promise for clinical translation in the emerging field of regenerative medicine, they present a challenge to the regulatory community both nationally and internationally. This has been exacerbated by recent high-profile cases involving adverse events attributed to adipose cell-based therapies. Thi...

Introduction: Adipose derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) hold potential as cell therapeutics for a wide range of disease states; however, many expansion protocols rely on the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a cell culture nutrient supplement. The current study explores the substitution of lysates from expired human platelets (HPLs) as an FBS sub...

Background: Processed microvascular tissue (PMVT), a human structural allograft, is derived from lyophilized human tissue containing microcirculatory cellular components. Since PMVT serves as a source of extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines modulating angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis, and endogenous cell recru...

Purpose of Review The use of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) has garnered recent interest for their accessibility and potential utility in wound healing applications. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of developments within the last 5 years regarding therapeutic use of ASCs in wound healing applications. Recent Findings Recent...

Purpose of review: This review explores how the relationships between bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) adipogenesis with advancing age, obesity, and/or bone diseases (osteopenia or osteoporosis) contribute to mechanisms underlying musculoskeletal pathophysiology. Recent findings: Recent studies have re-defined adipose tissue as a dynamic, vital...

Decellularized human adipose tissue has potential clinical utility as a processed biological scaffold for soft tissue cosmesis, grafting and reconstruction. Adipose tissue decellularization has been accomplished using enzymatic‐, detergent‐, and/or solvent‐based methods. To examine the hypothesis that distinct decellularization processes may yield...

Adipose tissue is now recognized as a functional organ that contains cellular heterogeneity and diversity within anatomical depots. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose contains endothelial progenitors, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, monocyte/macrophages, pericytes, pre-adipocytes, and stromal/stem cells, among others. In recent years, there h...

Background: Adipose tissue is a source of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells for tissue engineering and reconstruction and a tissue source for fat grafts. Although liposuction is a simple procedure for the harvest of adipose tissue, the repetition of this surgical intervention can cause adverse effects to the patient and can be a limiting factor f...

While the use of adipose tissue transplantation in wound healing dates back over a century in the surgical literature, it is only within the past two decades that scientists and physicians have begun to more fully appreciate the cellular and molecular basis for the regenerative effects of this organ. Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ participating...

White adipose tissue (WAT) is a critical organ in both health and disease. However, physiologically faithful tissue culture models of primary human WAT remain limited, at best. Here we describe a novel WAT culture system in which primary human WAT is sandwiched between tissue-engineered sheets of adipose-derived stromal cells. This construct, calle...

Progenitors derived from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of white adipose tissue (WAT) possess the ability to form clonal populations and differentiate along multiple lineage pathways. However, the literature continues to vacillate between defining adipocyte progenitors as "stromal" or "stem" cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that a non-p...

More than 2.5 million patients in the U.S. require treatment for pressure ulcers annually, and the elderly are at particularly high risk for pressure ulcer development. Current therapy for pressure ulcers consists of conservative medical management for shallow lesions and aggressive debridement and surgery for deeper lesions. The current study uses...

As the world's population lives longer, the number of individuals at risk for pressure ulcers will increase considerably in the coming decades. In developed countries, up to 18% of nursing home residents suffer from pressure ulcers and the resulting hospital costs can account for up to 4% of a nation's health care budget. Although full-thickness su...

Stem-cell-mediated bone repair has been used in clinical trials for the regeneration of large craniomaxillofacial defects, to slow the process of bone degeneration in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head and for prophylactic treatment of distal tibial fractures. Successful regenerative outcomes in these investigations have provided a sol...

Background: Fat grafting is used to restore breast defects after surgical resection of breast tumors. Supplementing fat grafts with adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) is proposed to improve the regenerative/restorative ability of the graft and retention. However, long term safety for ASC grafting in proximity of residual breast cance...

Human adipose tissue stromal/ stem cells (ASCs) are known to induce proliferation of resting T cells under ambient (21%) O2 conditions; however, ASCs exist physiologically under lower oxygen (5% O2) conditions in adipose tissue. The effects of low oxygen levels on ASC immunomodulation of T cells are unknown. In this study we show that ASCs stimulat...

Tissue fibrosis can lead to organ dysfunction, patient morbidity, and mortality. Adipose-derived Stromal/stem Cells (ASCs) represent a potential therapeutic. Immediately following grafting, ASCs would reside in a lower O2 environment. ASC secretome was examined under 5% O2 ("low O2") and 21% O2 ("ambient O2") culture conditions. ASCs from five fema...

Throughout life, a balance exists within the marrow cavity between adipose tissue and bone. Each tissue derives from a common progenitor cell known both as a "bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cell" and as a "mesenchymal stem cell" (BMSC). The majority of in vitro and in vivo data suggest that BMSCs differentiate into adipocytes or osteoblast...

Until recently, the complexity of adipose tissue and its physiological role was not well appreciated. This changed with the discovery of adipokines such as leptin. The cellular composition of adipose tissue is heterogeneous and changes as a function of diabetes and disease states such as diabetes. Tissue engineers view adipose tissue as a rich sour...

Obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing cancer and co-morbidities that are part of the metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue is recognized as an endocrine organ, as it affects a number of physiological functions, and contains adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs). ASCs can differentiate into cells of multiple lineages, and as such ar...

Over the past two decades, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have evolved from what many considered a theoretical science to what is now a clinical reality. Tissue engineering combines biomaterial scaffolds, growth factors and stem or progenitor cells to repair damaged tissues. Adipose tissue, an abundant and easily accessed tissue, is a...

Unlabelled: The delivery of curcumin, a broad-spectrum anticancer drug, has been explored in the form of liposomal nanoparticles to treat osteosarcoma (OS). Curcumin is water insoluble and an effective delivery route is through encapsulation in cyclodextrins followed by a second encapsulation in liposomes. Liposomal curcumin's potential was evalua...

The delivery of curcumin, a broad spectrum anticancer drug, has been explored in the form of liposomal nanoparticles to treat osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma (OS) accounts for approximately 20% of all bone cancers and it develops during the period of rapid growth in adolescence. Anti-cancer potential of curcumin has not been fully explored in the form o...

Curcumin, the constituent of Curcuma longa, has been shown to possess potent anti-neoplastic activity against a number of tumors including prostate, breast and colon cancer. Widespread clinical application of curcumin has been limited due to poor aqueous solubility and low systemic bioavailability. Reports so far indicated extremely low serum level...

Ear mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) represent a readily accessible population of stem-like cells that are adherent, clonogenic, and have the ability to self-renew. Previously, we have demonstrated that they can be induced to differentiate into adipocyte, osteocyte, chondrocyte, and myocyte lineages. The purpose of the current study was to characteri...