Tracy Henley

• PhD
• Professor at Texas A&M University – Commerce

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine, from the subordinate’s perspective, the relationship of dysfunctional leadership dispositions to employee engagement, job satisfaction and burnout. Design/methodology/approach: A field study survey was used to capture three categories of dysfunctional dispositions and three employee variables from e...

Embodied views of language hold that perceptual and motor simulations are involved during comprehension. Study 1 investigated power-related language in a picture recognition task wherein participants judged whether the picture presented at either the upper or lower screen position matched the sentence. In Study 2, participants chose the picture tha...

The Phenomenology of Everyday Life presents results deriving from a rigorous qualitative approach to the psychological study of everyday human activities and experiences. This approach is grounded in the philosophical traditions of existentialism and phenomenology and employs dialogue as its major method of inquiry. The reasons for these choices ar...

Most students close their undergraduate careers—and open their graduate ones—with a course over the history of their field. With this in mind, the authors set out to write a book for such a course in psychology. Three goals have guided its writing: (1) to make the work as scholarly and comprehensive as any on the market; (2) to incorporate as many...

The medieval period-roughly the 1,000 years from the classical Greco-Roman age to the Renaissance and modern erahas long been neglected in the history of psychology. Various reasons have been offered for why this period is treated so lightly, for example, that it was a Dark Age, or that it was dominated by antiintellectual Christian thought. This e...

Göbekli Tepe is an archaeological site that has challenged much prior thought on human history with respect to our Neolithic revolution from animistic, egalitarian, hunter-gatherers to settled, socially stratified, and religious peoples. In the present paper we review the structures and possible purposes of Göbekli Tepe, summarize past consideratio...

The purpose of the present study was to examine associations between heterosexual consensually non-monogamous (CNM) and monogamous relationships and variables relating to relationship functioning and individual well-being. Participants (N = 555) were solicited online and asked to rate a number of items regarding their type of relationship, satisfac...

The present study examined the utilization of Clery Act information by college students. Results from 107 students indicated that awareness of the Clery Act and knowledge of crime log information was lacking. Using an experimental design, study participants demonstrated potential benefits from exposure to information about campus crimes. This sugge...

The Perky Effect (from Perky, 1910) broadly concerns the interaction of imagined and perceived stimuli. Typically this interaction has been interference, although some recent research has suggested language evoked spatial representations could actually facilitate perceptual task performance at corresponding spatial locations. The current study expl...

本研究旨在探討中文文字理解中工作記憶與文章一致性的關係。八十六名以粵語為母語的參與者完成了操作字元工作記憶跨度任務(分為低工作記憶組和高工作記憶組), 以及一項閱讀理解任務 (閱讀不一致文章的時間以及記憶不一致文章的準確性)。結果顯示高工作記憶組用更少時間檢測文章的不一致性, 和更準確地記憶文章的內容。低工作記憶組需要更長時間檢測文章的不一致性, 和更不準確地記憶文章的內容。此外, 參與者花更多的時間閱讀不一致的文章, 扭曲較多的內容, 並替換更多資訊。然而, 不一致的文章並不有助於記憶。本研究擴展了關於工作記憶和中文文字理解的文獻, 除了測量反應時間, 本研究新增測量回憶文章內容, 並介紹替換為另一個閱讀不一致文章的錯誤方法。

The Neolithic Revolution has been heralded as the most significant sociocognitive change in human history, yet it is all but ignored by psychology. This gives rise to a reconsideration of the question “Where should the history of psychology begin?” Using the Neolithic archaeological site of Göbekli Tepe as a concrete case study, the advent of writi...

Replies to comments by I. Gravier (see record 2020-68859-002), R. A. Blackwell and M. J. Rossano (see record 2020-68859-003), and D. L. Smail (see record 2020-68859-004) on the article by Henley (see record 2020-68859-001). That each of the commentators acknowledged the significance of the Neolithic for psychology was welcome, as were their alterna...

In 1934, Thorndike asked students and teachers of psychology, as well as a group of unemployed men, to estimate how much money (paid in cash) they would require to suffer a variety of pains (e.g., the worst headache or toothache you have ever had), deprivations (e.g., have all your teeth pulled out), frustrations (e.g., have to live all the rest of...

The remains that archaeologists uncover reveal ancient minds at work as much as ancient hands, and for decades many have sought a better way of understanding those minds. This understanding is at the forefront of cognitive archaeology, a discipline that believes that a greater application of psychological theory to archaeology will further our unde...

Göbekli Tepe is the name of a remarkable archaeological site that challenges long held assumptions about the Neolithic Revolution, that is, our first transition from hunters and gatherers into settled farmers. Instead of permanent settlements and agriculture being prerequisite for religion, social specialization, and writing, evidence from Göbekli...

This essay considers William James and his famous work – Talks to Teachers. It provides a short, education-relative, biography of James and the historical context of his writings. The book itself is summarized and reviewed, but with a constant eye toward its relevance for current issues. Specific topics include the relationship of psychology to edu...

Within virtually every domain, managers are confronted with the problem of performance evaluation. Despite substantial research on the topic, no consensus has been reached about best practices. However, within baseball, a new gold standard of performance has emerged—WAR—or wins above replacement. Conceptually, this metric compares observed performa...

From the Pre-Socratic Greeks to Wundt's day, the history of psychology has followed shifts in epistemology. Are the senses to be trusted? Is rational analysis more reliable than experience? Such questions have shaped the conduct of science, and relate to psychology in that way, but are also intrinsically psychological. This article traces the evolu...

Purpose – Prescription drug advertisements are commonly seen in magazines and on television. Many drug ads are targeted toward older adults, who tend to use more medications and suffer from more chronic conditions. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of such advertising remains uncertain. The aim of this paper is to compare implicit and explicit memory...

This study examined the effects of two orienting tasks – pleasantness-judging and syllable counting–on memory for two lists of words containing either categorically distinctive targets or orthographically distinctive targets. Analysis of the number of filler words recalled suggested that there was a significant difference between the two word lists...

KochmanThomas and MavrelisJean, Corporate tribalism: White men/white women and cultural diversity at work. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009. Pp. x, 239. Hb $22.50. - Volume 39 Issue 5 - Philippe Seminet, Tracy Henley

Learners who begin to acquire a second language (L2) in a naturalistic environment after puberty are thought to be constrained by biological age factors and to have greater difficulty obtaining native-like L2. However, the extant literature suggests that L2 acquisition may be positively affected by post-maturational factors, such as acculturation....

The present study, wherein 210 college students self-reported an overall perceived stress level (mild, moderate, or severe) and then completed (1) the Student Life-Stress Inventory, and (2) the Locus of Control, Internality, Powerful Others, and Chance Scale extends the work of Gadzella (1994a) on correlates of student stress. As in 1994, these fin...

This study examines perceptions of achievement motivation as influenced by first name and student ethnicity. One hundred thirty elementary school teachers were given a vignette of a fifth-grade student and instructed to judge the behavior and characteristics of the student. Results showed that there was a significant main effect for an ethnic first...

Verbal overshadowing has been found to disrupt recognition accuracy when hard-to-describe stimuli are used. The current study replicates previous research on verbal overshadowing with younger people and extends this research into an older population to examine the possible link between verbal expertise and verbal overshadowing. It was hypothesized...

The present study examined the relationship between personality and character preferences in fantasy computer role-playing games. Subjects were required to complete two measures: The Big Five Inventory and a survey designed to determine character preferences in fantasy computer role-playing games as well as relevant fantasy/gaming experiences. Seve...

The present study explored the relationship between theory of mind (ToM), attention, and executive function in 66 kindergarten boys drawn from four rural school districts. Three stories designed to test understanding of first and second order mental states were administered. Executive function and attention were assessed, respectively, by scores on...

The "Mozart effect" is the reported phenomenon of increased spatial abilities after listening to that composer's music. However, subsequent research suggests that the Mozart effect may be an artifactual consequence of heightened arousal and mood rather than the music of Mozart per se (e.g., Thompson, Schellenberg, & Husain, 2001). The present study...

This study used the MMPI-2 to explore the personalities of yellow-belt and black-belt martial artists. A total of 40 participants completed the MMPI-2 and a demographic questionnaire. Black-belt females tended to be less defensive than were other martial artists, but also displayed more paranoia and more anger than average. Females of both ranks re...

This study examined Draw-a-Scientist-Test (DAST) images solicited from 212 undergraduate students for the presence of traditional gender stereotypes. Participants were 100 males and 112 females enrolled in psychology or computer science courses with a mean age of 21.02 years. A standard multiple regression generated a model that accounts for the va...

Neural networks are presented as a complementary methodological tool to common statistical methods for certain types of classification problems. Prior research has suggested that neural networks can classify cases more accurately than many commonly used statistical techniques in situations where a data set does not fully meet the required assumptio...

In the present study the authors investigated how people perceive women as a function of position within an organization. Introductory psychology students (N = 456) were given 1 of 6 vignettes depicting people in various occupations, along with an adjective checklist adapted from the Bem Sex Role Inventory (S. L. Bem, 1974). The students indicated...

Although there has been considerable literature produced on the relationship between behaviorism, comparative psychology, and ethology; there has not been a considerable consensus of opinion. Our position, more historically situated than many, argues that the crucial distinction remains simply: “Why does each discipline use animals as subjects?” Dr...

Unique invulnerability has been defined as the perception that one is less vulnerable than the average person to negative events. This study examined positive outcomes of risky behaviors with respect to unique invulnerability, taking into consideration an individual's knowledge and experience of a given risk. If the phenomenon is truly one of uniqu...

Research concerning warning labels has established a comprehensive set of components that generally lead to an effective means of communicating potential hazards. To explore and detail specific labeling effects, the authors tested prototypical warning labels (as found on a hypothetical household cleaner). Experiment 1 tested the effects on label be...

In everyday experience people frequently encounter situations in which they must give instructions to others. Often, this requires describing some novel object or situation to the other, a task that may be facilitated by the use of analogies. In this study, subject pairs work together to build simple models, with one party giving directions to the...

Qualitative methods were used to examine the similarities and differences in the meaning of aging for young and old adults. Nineteen young adults and seventeen older adults were asked to describe in detail a specific event or time in their lives that suggested to them that they were aging. Their responses were reduced to significant statements by t...

Perceived stress and stressors of nontraditional (returning-adult) and traditional college students were compared. Forty-seven nontraditional students 24-54 years old and 47 traditional students, matched for demographics, completed the Adolescent Perceived Events Scale (Compas, Davis, Forsythe, & Wagner, 1987) for college students. They rated 210 l...

Summary: The Phenomenology of Everyday Life presents results deriving from a rigorous qualitative approach to the psychological study of everyday human activities and experiences. This approach is grounded in the philosophical traditions of existentialism and phenomenology and employs dialogue as its major method of inquiry. The reasons for these c...

After a brief review of some of the many concerns that have already been associated with the use of college student volunteers as participants in psychological studies, another potential problem—the divergent nature of students who volunteer for after-class versus in-class data collection—is introduced in this article. More than 560 volunteers were...

In this paper, we examine the concept `behavior' within the context of the development of American psychology. After explicating the term's meaning within ordinary usage, we argue that `behavior' is a theoretical construct within behavior analysis, and that its privileged status in psychology outside behavior analysis is really just a residuum from...

The question of who does extra credit—and thus becomes a subject in a psychological study—is still an important issue. Here, we report the characteristics of 242 introductory psychology students who volunteered for research participation. Our results showed that students who volunteered frequently for such studies do not differ from other students...

This study was conducted to compare responses to stimuli presented in three different modalities: olfactory, visual, and lexical (the written name of the object). Cognitive aspects of these responses as well as affective components were examined. The subjects were placed at random into one of three experimental groups and were tested individually....

Responds to the comments by F. Paniagua ("Kuhn's paradigmatic view of psychology and Skinner's theory of behavior." Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 11, 1991, 122-125) on the current author's original article, "Meehl revisited: A look at paradigms in psychology" (Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology 9, 1989, 30-36), in which the curren...

Intimacy is a topic of importance with respect to many aspects of relationship theory and a variety of academic disciplines. A consideration of the literature reveals much research but little consensus on even such basic issues as a definition of intimacy. Given that, a phenomenological study was done to determine what ordinary people meant by, and...

Comments on an article by J. H. Korn et al (see record 1991-34516-001) regarding eminent psychologists. The authors note that many of the most eminent people in the history of psychology were not psychologists in the strictest sense. Since psychology is interdisciplinary in nature, the eminence of psychology contributions should not be denied base...

Comments on an article by J. H. Korn et al (see record 1991-34516-001) regarding eminent psychologists. The authors note that many of the most eminent people in the history of psychology were not psychologists in the strictest sense. Since psychology is interdisciplinary in nature, the eminence of psychology contributions should not be denied based...

In the following study, we reexamine the significance of the fact that subjects can solve randomly generated analogies. This phenomenon has long been demonstrable and has usually been viewed as evidence for the tremendous flexibility inherent in language. Such demonstrations have been used to question the idea that any type of psychologically inter...

In recent years professor Shanon has provided a host of thought-provoking articles on various matters of "mind" (Shanon, 1988, 1989, 1990a, 1990b, 1990c). One, appearing in this journal (Shanon, 1990b), concerned what could be learned from the "knot in the handkerchief.quot; Shanon extends an invitation within that article for others to think with...

In two studies, achievement was conceptualized as consisting of affiliative as well as mastery events. Participants wrote about a recent achievement, provided causal attributions, and assessed the degree to which that achievement involved mastery, personal, and interpersonal themes in the first study. A second study randomly assigned participants a...

Comments on Meehl's (see record 1979-25042-001) article on the nature of psychological debates. The author is in agreement with Meehl that there is a need to reconsider how research is designed and carried out within psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

Definitions of psychology were obtained from 233 introductory psychology textbooks published between 1887 and 1987. An examination of these definitions yields both a finite set of definitional categories as well as interesting patterns over time. The work of Kuhn (1970) on evolution and revolution in science is used in interpreting the results, as...

In his article "Husserl Revisited," Jennings (see record 1987-05956-001) did a noteworthy job of introducing the complex work of Edmund Husserl and the relation of that work to psychology. However, to have a broad conception of phenomenology, one must see that Husserl's work is not all there is, or has been, to the praxis of the discipline. It cou...

In this paper, we examine the concept `behavior' within the context of the development of American psychology. After explicating the term's meaning within ordinary usage, we argue that `behavior' is a theoretical construct within behavior analysis, and that its privileged status in psychology outside behavior analysis is really just a residuum from...