Tove S Rosen

Columbia University | CU · Department of Pediatrics

Identifying reliable indicators of cognitive functioning prior to age five has been challenging. Prior studies have shown that maternal cognition, as indexed by intellectual quotient (IQ) and years of education, predict child intelligence at school age. We examined whether maternal full scale IQ, education, and inhibitory control (index of executiv...

Importance Increasing rates of illicit drug use during pregnancy may be associated with risk for long-term health problems in prenatally exposed children. Objective To identify the associations of prenatal exposure to illicit drugs with organization of the newborn brain. Design, Setting, and Participants For this cohort study, a volunteer sample...

Few studies have assessed the association of parental socioeconomic status (SES) with brain measures in neonates, at a time when exposure to the postnatal environment is minimal. Social support may buffer the adverse consequences of SES, and has been associated with better cognitive – emotional development in children. We studied the association of...

Objective: Assess psychosocial history and psychological functioning in women who use drugs during pregnancy and determine how drug exposure affects child development. Methods: Pregnant marijuana (n = 38), cocaine (n = 35), methadone-maintained (n = 24), and control (n = 49) group women were enrolled and followed every 6 months through 18–24 months...

Background : Simulation training is an effective method to teach neonatal resuscitation (NR), yet many pediatrics residents do not feel comfortable with NR. Rapid cycle deliberate practice (RCDP) allows the facilitator to provide debriefing throughout the session. In RCDP, participants work through the scenario multiple times, eventually reaching...

Background: Drugs are screened for delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr) blockade to predict long QT syndrome prolongation and arrhythmogenesis. However, single-cell studies have shown that chronic (hours) exposure to some IKr blockers (eg, dofetilide) prolongs repolarization additionally by increasing late sodium current (INa-L) via inhibitio...

11490: Increased Late Sodium Current Contributes to Excess Prolongation of Canine Ventricular Repolarization Induced by Dofetilide http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/132/Suppl_3/A11490.short 1/1 + Circulation circ.ahajournals.org Circulation. 2015; 132: A11490 Abstracts and presentations are embargoed for release at date and time of presentation o...

Some women continue to use cocaine during pregnancy, placing their fetus at risk for developmental problems. While gross problems are not evident after controlling for experimental flaws, subtle effects continue to be found. Social interactions of cocaine-exposed and nonexposed toddlers and their caregivers were assessed during a Free Play test to...

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia with significant morbidities and only partially adequate therapeutic options. AF is associated with atrial remodeling processes including changes in expression and function of ion channels and signaling pathways. The two-pore domain potassium channel TASK-1 has been shown to contribute to action poten...

Knowledge of the role of brain maturation in the development of cognitive abilities derives primarily from studies of school-age children to adults. Little is known about the morphological features of the neonatal brain that support the subsequent development of abilities in early childhood, when maturation of the brain and these abilities are the...

Peri-operative atrial fibrillation (peri-op AF) is a common complication following thoracic surgery. This arrhythmia is thought to be triggered by an inflammatory response and can be reproduced in various animal models. Previous work has shown that the lipid inflammatory mediator, platelet-activating factor (PAF), synthesized by activated neutrophi...

In depolarized myocardial infarct epicardial border zones, the cardiac sodium channel is largely inactivated, contributing to slow conduction and reentry. We have demonstrated that adenoviral delivery of the skeletal muscle Na(+) channel (SkM1) to epicardial border zones normalizes conduction and reduces induction of ventricular tachycardia/ventric...

Reentry accounts for most life-threatening arrhythmias, complicating myocardial infarction, and therapies that consistently prevent reentry from occurring are lacking. In this study, we compare antiarrhythmic effects of gene transfer of green fluorescent protein (GFP; sham), the skeletal muscle sodium channel (SkM1), the liver-specific connexin (Cx...

In the fetal and neonatal periods and during infancy, males and females differ in at least three fundamental ways. First, males are more numerous; and their numerical superiority appears to be derived at conception or shortly thereafter. Second, males are larger than females and have higher metabolic rates. This difference also is apparent from ver...

Prenatal cocaine exposure and the role of gender were evaluated using risk factor analyses to determine whether 6-month-old cocaine-exposed male infants demonstrated greater disruptions in infant-caregiver socioemotional interactions during a Still-Face test. Overall, non-cocaine-exposed infants spent more time looking at toys, compared with cocain...

In depolarized myocardial infarct epicardial border zones, the cardiac sodium channel (SCN5A) is largely inactivated, contributing to low action potential upstroke velocity (V(max)), slow conduction, and reentry. We hypothesized that a fast inward current such as the skeletal muscle sodium channel (SkM1) operating more effectively at depolarized me...

In subsets of patients paroxysmal firing of ectopic foci in pulmonary veins or coronary sinus is an important cause of atrial fibrillation. This appears to represent a rare event overriding a dominant sinus mechanism to alter the rhythmic firing of the atrium. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that a rare stimulation pattern might alter the myocardia...

Although the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) increases with age, the cellular electrophysiological changes that render the atria of aged individuals more susceptible to AF remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that dispersion of atrial repolarization increases with aging, creating a substrate for initiation of AF. Four groups of dogs were...

We tested the utility and comparability of the atrial gradient and atrial ERP as early markers of electrical remodeling and a propensity to atrial fibrillation (AF). Pacing at physiologic rates from the left atrium alters the atrial gradient and is associated with atrial tachyarrhythmias. At these physiologic rates, there is no change in the atrial...

This chapter discusses the role of gender in the field of neonatology. Numerous embryologic, physiologic, epidemiologic and anthropologic observations in humans, laboratory studies, and field observations in animals have bolstered evidence that the differences between male and female infants exist during the perinatal period (fetal and neonatal). I...

KCB-328 is a new potassium channel blocker, which prolongs action potential duration with exhibition of minimal reverse use dependence. We tested the efficacy and proarrhythmic potential of KCB-328, dofetilide and propafenone in the pacing induced canine model of atrial fibrillation (AF). Mongrel dogs in complete heart block were paced for 1-6 week...

Second generation studies of prenatal cocaine exposure failed to find gross deficits after controlling for confounders. Concern remained that exposure could cause subtle deficits. This prospective, cohort study evaluated effects of cocaine on development at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months. From 1991-1993, 361 mother-infant pairs were recruited from the C...

Transiently altering the atrial activation sequence induces atrial memory, manifested as an altered atrial gradient as measured in electrocardiographic XYZ leads. We hypothesized that protracted periods of left atrial impulse initiation alter the atrial gradient in a manner predictive of arrhythmias. A total of 12 chronically instrumented mongrel d...

Pulse oximetry is widely used in neonates. However, its reliability is often affected by motion artefact. Clinicians confronted with questionable oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) values often estimate the reliability by correlating heart rate (HR) obtained with the oximeter with that obtained by electrocardiogram. To compare the effects of motion on SpO(...

Knowledge about the effects of prenatal drug exposure on early development is reviewed within an ecological framework. The intersecting influences on maternal and child behavior in the early caregiving environment are considered, and similarities reported for drug-exposed children and other high-risk groups are noted. Data from a sample of 90 dyads...

The present study examined the influence(s) of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and substance abuse on depressive symptomatology in a sample of African-American, Dominican, Irish-American, and Puerto Rican women of child-bearing age. While the initial analyses indicated ethnic differences in depressive symptomatology, these differences, with t...

Adverse health effects are associated with intrauterine cocaine exposure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of fetal cocaine and crack exposure on neonatal outcome. We enrolled 386 mother-infant pairs, including 130 matched control pairs, in the study. The course of pregnancy and delivery was followed and neonatal outcome was...

Cocaine abuse is a major public health problem. We followed prospectively a group of children exposed in utero to crack/cocaine (DG) and a SES matched control group (CG) since birth. Data was collected on maternal drug use, obstetrical, medical and psychosocial histories. Urine toxicologies were obtained prenatally and at birth. The infants were se...

Adverse health effects are associated with intrauterine cocaine/crack exposure. To investigate the impact of fetal cocaine and crack exposure on neonatal outcome we enrolled 386 mother infants pairs, including 130 matched controls. The course of pregnancy and delivery was followed and neonatal outcome was assessed by physical and neurologic exams,...

This article reports findings at ages 6 and 7 years on a neurobehavioral follow-up study of children born to women on methadone maintenance and a matched drug-free comparison group. The groups did not differ in height, weight or rate of infections. However, there was a significantly higher incidence of small head circumferences and neurological pro...

The use of cocaine during pregnancy has been associated with congenital abnormalities of the developing eye. The authors report a prospective, controlled study of 40 cocaine-exposed and 40 nonexposed (control) preterm and full-term infants. Detailed maternal and obstetric histories were obtained by chart review and interview. Infants with a positiv...

When cardiac sympathetic innervation in neonatal rats is retarded by antiserum to nerve growth factor, there is a corresponding increase in the QT interval on ECG. Since the propagation of the cardiac impulse and the repolarisation of cardiac cells both contribute to the QT interval, the aim of this study was to determine the role of sympathetic in...

Methadone maintenance has been the treatment of choice for heroin addiction for the past several years. It blocks the craving and euphoric effects of heroin and can be administered once a day. Methadone maintenance during pregnancy is associated with better prenatal care and life-style, but the effects on neonate and child have been reported to be...

We previously have shown that treatment of neonatal rats (days 1–10) with Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) or its antibody (Ab) modifies α-adrenergic receptor-effector coupling, such that innervated hearts at day 10 show high levels of a 41 kDa GTP regulatory protein (G protein) that is a substrate for pertussis toxin and that links the α1-receptor to the...

Since 1977, we have been following the neurobehavioral development of two groups of children: a group born to women on methadone maintenance and a drug-free comparison group. This study used the data on the children evaluated at 36 months of age to determine whether distinct patterns of developmental outcome can be identified, and which medical, fa...

Responds to methodological questions raised by W. B. Carey and S. C. McDevitt (see record 1991-18782-001) concerning H. L. Johnson and T. S. Rosen's (see record 1990-28591-001) study comparing maternal and observer ratings of infant temperament (IT). Focus is on the chosen assessment instrument and the meaning of maternal ratings of IT. (PsycINFO D...

A neonatal rat model was prepared for studying the development of α-adrenergic actions on cardiac rhythm. Newborn rats were administered either nerve growth factor (NGF), its antibody (Ab), or placebo for the first 10 days of life. As compared to the placebo group, those treated with NGF had accelerated sympathetic nerve growth, an increase in the...

The relationship among maternal and observer ratings of infant temperament, observer ratings of maternal responsiveness, and maternal drug abuse habits, was studied in a population facing multiple risk factors. Intensity of maternal drug abuse was found to be negatively related to maternal ratings of infant temperament, and ratings of temperament w...

We injected neonatal rats with nerve growth factor, the antiserum to nerve growth factor, or placebo for the first 10 days of life. Our goal was to determine the relation between sympathetic innervation of the developing heart, the electrocardiographic expression of cardiac rhythm, and the response of the heart to alpha-adrenergic stimulation with...

Prenatal opiate exposure has been shown to alter the pattern of sex-dimorphic behavior in male and female rats. To conduct an exploratory study of opiate effects in humans, we compared the sex-dimorphic behavior of male and female offspring of women maintained on methadone during pregnancy to that of demographically matched control subjects. Standa...

Although quinidine has been reported to induce QT interval prolongation and torsades de pointes clinically, the only experimental model currently available for quinidine-induced torsades de pointes requires the concurrent use of ischemia, reperfusion and cardiac pacing of the isolated, perfused heart. Our purpose in this study was to determine the...

Although triggered activity has been identified in isolated atrial tissue with the use of cellular electrophysiologic techniques, there has been no identification of triggered atrial arrhythmias in situ. Moreover, it is unclear whether triggered rhythms of different causes and sites of origin in the heart exhibit uniform responses to pacing that mi...

In summary, these infants are at higher risk for multiple problems that include both growth and neurodevelopmental problems and sudden infant death syndrome. Much more research is needed to assess the etiology of these findings and then to arrive at appropriate intervention programs.

We studied the developmental changes that occur in the use-dependent effects of lidocaine and quinidine on the intact canine heart. At comparable intravenous dosages, adults showed higher total and free plasma lidocaine concentrations than young dogs, whereas for quinidine, the total and free levels were comparable. Lidocaine demonstrated a use-dep...

Path analysis was employed with data collected during a longitudinal neuro-behavioral follow-up study of multi-risk children. The relative impact of maternal medical history, drug abuse, and day-to-day functioning during pregnancy on the course of labor and delivery and on neonatal outcome was examined. The subsequent impact of each of these sets o...

A group of 57 methadone-maintained mothers and 31 matched drug-free controls were compared on their ability to provide adequate child care, capacity for satisfying interpersonal relationships, and motivation for self-improvement. Results indicate that, as a group, methadone mothers require more assistance in parenting, are more socially isolated, a...

The hypothesis that the elimination of a critical type and number of intestinal bacteria decreases the incidence of NEC has been previously studied. A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of oral gentamicin 10 mg/kg/day QID for 10 days was conducted over 14 months in infants weighing ≤ 1500 grams at birth. Serial stool and orophar...

Cocaine (C) abuse is a major public health problem. To study the effects of C abuse on the course of pregnancy and infant development, we have been following 2 groups of pregnant women; one on C and one drug-free. The data were analyzed in 3 groups: GP1, drug-free; GP2, methadone maintenance(M) and C abuse; GP3, C used in combination with marijuana...

Gentamicin serum levels were measured and elimination half-life was calculated in a group of neonates with postconceptual ages ranging between 25-42 weeks. Infants were receiving intravenous gentamicin (2.5 mg/Kg/dose) at various dosage intervals and t 1/2e was calculated using a one-compartment open model. Evidence of gentamicin accumulation was p...

Since 1977, we have followed a group of children born to mothers on methadone maintenance during pregnancy and a matched group of children born to drug-free mothers. The children are now between 3j and 7 years old. This report covers in some detail our findings from the neonatal period through 36 months. The trends in the data that have been collec...

To determine the effects of maternal methadone maintenance during pregnancy on the young child we have longitudinally followed 2 groups of children: one born to mothers on methadone maintenance and a second group born to drug-free mothers. The following report describes our findings during a follow-up assessment at 24 months of age and compares the...

Gentamicin absorption was measured after oral administration in 18 neonates treated prophylactically in an attempt to decrease the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis. Patients were given 10 mg/kg/day in four divided doses via nasogastric tube for a total of 10 days. Levels were assayed using the Emit system. Serum levels ranged between 0 and 2....

Limited information is available on the long-term effects of in utero methadone exposure. This report describes the somatic and neurobehavioral findings of children in the first 18 months of life born to methadone-maintained mothers and to a matched drug-free comparison group of mothers. Findings during the neonatal period were (1) a 75% incidence...

The effects of terbutaline, a sympathomimetic amine with predominantly beta 2-agonist properties, on cardiac automaticity and contractility were studied. For isolated rabbit right atria, terbutaline, 1 X 10(-9) to 1 X 10(-5)M, was significantly less potent than isoproterenol. The maximum increase in heart rate induced by terbutaline was 45 +/- 17 b...

As part of an ongoing longitudinal study of the developmental effects of prenatal methadone exposure, 41 children born to methadone-maintained mothers and 23 children from matched backgrounds but with negative maternal history of drug abuse were evaluated at six months of age. Each child received physical and neurological examinations and a battery...

As part of an ongoing longitudinal study of the developmental effects of prenatal methadone exposure, 38 children born to methadone-maintained mothers(M) and 23 matched children but with negative maternal history of drug use(C), received a battery of behavioral assessments at 6 months. No differences were found between M and C subjects on any of th...

Propranolol (P), 20 mg/kg, was administered via daily orogastric intubation to 12 spontaneously hypertensive Okomoto Aoki female rats starting at 6 weeks of age. We studied the effects of P on maternal blood pressure (BP) and neonatal weight gain, litter size and cardiac function. Controls were 8 intubated and 8 non-intubated SHR females. Tail BP's...

There is conflicting evidence in the literature concerning the relation between maternal methadone dose during pregnancy and the severity of the withdrawal reaction experienced by the newborn. As part of an ongoing longitudinal study of children born to methadone-maintained mothers, 38 children exposed to methadone in utero were observed and their...

The authors studied the effects of dl-propranolol administration to rats on days 8 through 22 of pregnancy on the mother rats, their fetuses and neonates. They determined growth and developmental characteristics of the pups, electrophysiologic responses of maternal, fetal and neonatal hearts, and serum and cardiac dl- and l-propranolol levels. Ther...

Normal cardiac β-odrenergic function is important for maintenance of an intact stress response in the fetus and neonate,, Propranolol (P), a β-adrebergic blacker is used to treat hypertension, arrhythmias and thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy and appears to cross the placenta. To determine the effects of daily oral P administration on perinatal mortality...

MgSO4 remains a commonly used therapy for obstetric patients with pre-eclampsia or premature labor, but little is known of its effects on the newborn. We studied plasma magnesium (Mg) levels and urinary excretion of Mg during the first 7 days of life in 16 premature and 5 full term infants of mothers treated with Mg. Clinical symptomatology consist...

The relationship between a maternal dose of methadone and the incidence and severity of neonatal signs of withdrawal, placental transfer of drug, and the relationship between maternal and neonatal plasma levels of methadone were studied in 30 mothers and their infants. Plasma levels of methadone were analyzed using a gas chromatographic method. Our...

Four groups of pregnant rats were administered methadone hydrochloride orally on days 8 through 22 of gestation. Each group initially received 5 mg/kg for 4 days. One group was maintained at this level and the remaining groups were increased to maintenance doses of 10, 15 or 20 mg/kg increments at 4-day intervals. An intubation control group receiv...

This pilot study demonstrated marked variation in neonatal phenobarbital utilization. In order to rapidly achieve therapeutic levels, it is suggested that a loading dose of 8 to 10 mg per kg be administered for 2 days followed by reduction of dosage to a maintenance level of 5 to 6 mg per kg with frequent monitoring of plasma phenobarbital concentr...

We studied the placental transfer of methadone, the relationship of neonatal plasma methadone concentrations to withdrawal symptomatology, and the relationship between maternal methadone dose and severity of neonatal withdrawal in 31 methadone-maintained mothers and their neonates. Methadone concentrations in maternal, cord and neonatal plasma were...

To investigate the relationship between phenobarbital dose, attainment of therapeutic plasma concentration [Pb] and urinary excretion, the authors studied 19 infants aged 1 day to 2 mth, who were treated for seizures (asphyxia, meningitis or idiopathic) or for methadone and/or heroin withdrawal, with phenobarbital 5-15 mg/kg day. Five capillary tub...

The relationships between maternal dose of methadone and neonatal withdrawal, and between neonatal plasma levels of methadone (M) and symptomatology were investigated. Ten mothers and their neonates were studied: 3 mothers were taking methadone 10 mg/day and 5, 40 to 60 mg/day; 2 mothers were detoxified during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. All 8...