Tove Helldin

• PhD in Computer Science
• Senior Researcher at University of Skövde

A team of fighter pilots in a distributed environment with limited access to information rely on technology to pursue teamwork. In order to design systems that support distributed teamwork, it is, therefore, necessary to understand how access to information affects the team members. Certain factors, such as mutual performance monitoring, shared men...

Aggregation functions are extensively used in decision making processes to combine available information. Arithmetic mean and weighted mean are some of the most used ones. In order to use a weighted mean, we need to define its weights. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a well known technique used to obtain weights based on interviews with e...

In this survey, 105 papers related to interactive clustering were reviewed according to seven perspectives: (1) on what level is the interaction happening, (2) which interactive operations are involved, (3) how user feedback is incorporated, (4) how interactive clustering is evaluated, (5) which data and (6) which clustering methods have been used,...

Data Science offers a set of powerful approaches for making new discoveries from large and complex data sets. It combines aspects of mathematics, statistics, machine learning, etc. to turn vast amounts of data into new insights and knowledge. However, the sole use of automatic data science techniques for large amounts of complex data limits the hum...

To ensure reliable network performance, anomaly detection is an important part of the telecommunication operators’ work. This includes that operators need to timely intervene with the network, should they encounter indications of network performance degradation. In this paper, we describe the results of an initial experiment for anomaly detection w...

We propose a taxonomy for classifying and describing papers which contribute to making Machine Learning (ML) techniques interactive and interpretable for users. The taxonomy is composed of six elements-Dataset, Optimizer, Model, Predictions, Evaluator and Goodness-where each can be made available for user interpretation and interaction. We give def...

To find correlations and cause and effect relationships in multivariate data sets is central in many data analysis problems. A common way of representing causal relations among variables is to use node-link diagrams, where nodes depict variables and edges show relationships between them. When performing a causal analysis, analysts may be biased by...

This paper focuses on identifying factors that influence the process of finding a root cause and a derived effect in causal node-link graphs with associated strength and significance depictions. We discuss in detail the factors that seem to be involved in identifying a global cause and effect based on the analysis of the results of an online user s...

Early and accurate diagnosis of sepsis is critical for patient safety. However, this is a challenging task due to the very general symptoms associated with sepsis, the immaturity of the tools used by the clinicians as well as the time-delays associated with the diagnostic methods used today. This paper explores current literature regarding guidelin...

In the era of big data, it is imperative to assist the human analyst in the endeavor to find solutions to ill-defined problems, i.e. to “detect the expected and discover the unexpected” [23]. To their aid, a plethora of analysis support systems is available to the analysts. However, these support systems often lack visual and interactive features,...

Fighter pilots must often make decisions fast, under time-pressure and based on uncertain or incomplete data. Thus, decision-making in this environment poses several challenges on the pilots such as how to fulfil the goal of the mission, while at the same time limit the potential costs and risks taken to fulfil this goal. Another challenge involves...

This paper presents an empirical study where the effects of three levels of system transparency of an automated target classification aid on fighter pilots’ performance and initial trust in the system were evaluated. The three levels of transparency consisted of 1) only presenting text–based information regarding the specific object (without any au...

This paper discusses the results of four empirical evaluations that assess the effects that visualizing system meta-information have on decision-making, particularly on confidence, trust, workload, time and performance. These four case studies correspond to the analysis of (1) the effects that visualizing uncertainty associated with sensor values (...

To investigate the impact of visualizing car uncertainty on drivers’ trust during an automated driving scenario, a simulator study was conducted. A between-group design experiment with 61 Swedish drivers was carried out where a continuous representation of the uncertainty of the car’s ability to autonomously drive was displayed to one of the groups...

Threat evaluation (TE) is concerned with determining the intent, capability and opportunity of detected targets. To their aid, military operators use support systems that analyse incoming data and make inferences based on the active evaluation framework. Several interface and interaction guidelines have been proposed for the implementation of TE sy...

Threat evaluation is concerned with estimating the level of threat posed by enemy units to one's own assets. This is an impact analysis problem which is important to address for supporting operators in achieving situation awareness. Due to the risky and complex nature of the threat evaluation tasks, it is imperative that the operators are supported...

In the defense domain, to estimate if a target is threatening and to which degree is a complex task, that is typically carried out by human operators due to the high risks and uncertainties associated. To their aid, different support systems have been implemented to analyze the data and provide recommendations for actions. Since the ultimate respon...

Advancements in technology and the need for improving the pilots' working situations have stimulated the growth of automated functions within the fighter aircraft domain. Functions that aid the pilots perform their tasks and to make decisions fast in an often rapidly changing environment have been introduced with the ultimate aim of easing the pilo...

Pilots of fighter aircraft are often exposed to the risk of being hit by enemy fire from groundbased threats. It has been argued that the pilots could be aided by a tactical support system that automatically assesses the danger posed by such threats and analyzes the survivability of the mission. It has also been argued that the automation design of...

Motivation -- To guide the development of human-centred automation within the fighter aircraft domain. Research approach -- Identified human-centred automation guidelines have been analysed in relation to existing fighter aircraft automated functions together with system developers at Saab Aeronautics. Findings/Design -- The results show that the h...

It has long been considered crucial to develop decision support systems that aid fighter pilots achieve their goals. Such systems often require automation of tasks formerly performed manually by the pilots, in situations characterized by huge amounts of (possibly uncertain and incomplete) sensor data and contextual infor-mation, time-pressure and d...

Military fighter pilots have to make suitable decisions fast in an environment where continuously increasing flows of information from sensors, team members and databases are provided. Not only do the huge amounts of data aggravate the pilots' decision making process: time-pressure, presence of uncertain data and high workload are factors that can...

In the military aviation domain, the decision maker, i.e. the pilot, often has to process huge amounts of information in order to make correct decisions. This is further aggravated by factors such as time-pressure, high workload and the presence of uncertain information. A support system that aids the pilot to achieve his/her goals has long been co...

Surveillance systems analyze and present vast amounts of heterogeneous sensor data. In order to support operators while monitoring such systems, the identification of anomalous behavior or situations that might need further inves-tigation may reduce operators' cognitive load. Bayesian networks can be used in order to detect anomalies in data. In or...

In modern fighter aircraft, several fully automatic or semi-automatic support systems have been implemented so as to aid the pilots in performing their tasks and accomplishing their missions. However, both positive and negative effects of automation have been reported. Amongst the positive effects, decreased physical workload and increased situatio...