Toshio Kobayashi

• Hiroshima University

Background: Although nurses' workplace social capital for a healthy work environment has received considerable attention, few scales about nurses' workplace social capital are based on the attributes of clinical settings in Japan. This study aims to develop a Relational Workplace Social Capital Scale for Japanese Nurses (RWSCS-JN), which includes...

Background: In recent years, many of Japanese workers have complained of fatigue and stress, considering them as risk factors for depression. Studies have found that "forest bathing" (Shinrin-yoku) has positive physiological effects, such as blood pressure reduction, improvement of autonomic and immune functions, as well as psychological effects o...

Aim: To identify attributes of nurses' workplace social capital in Japan. Background: Much attention has been paid to nurses' workplace social capital to improve the quality of the work environment; however, few studies are available on the attributes of nurses' workplace social capital. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with...

Purpose Well-functioning vascular access is important in hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to assess stenosis using color Doppler ultrasonography as well as to investigate a possible association between the need for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and hemodynamic parameters. Methods A prospective study of the medical records o...

The purpose of this research is to verify the reliability and validity of a job stressor scale for nurses caring for patients with intractable neurological diseases. A mail survey was conducted using a self-report questionnaire. The subjects were 263 nurses and assistant nurses working in wards specializing in intractable neurological diseases. The...

Background: This study aimed at developing the Scale for Evaluating Music for Health Promotion (SEMHP) to select appropriate music types for targeted audiences in Lao PDR. Method: The SEMHP was first developed with 20 items in the Lao language following a qualitative study. Then, 183 students rated the SEMHP on three types of song (a traditional fo...

Background: when a husband provides continuous support during his wife's labour, his presence is considered effective in reducing her dissatisfaction with the childbirth process. The impact of this on the postnatal well-being of a new mother, however, is not clear. Objective: to examine the impact on postnatal support, maternal anxiety and sympt...

Approximately 20% of Japanese women in their reproductive years are smokers. Therefore, in the present study, we report the behavioral changes of woman who undertook a 3 month stop-smoking program. Sixty-six pregnant smokers in the first trimester of pregnancy participated in this study from two hospitals and an obstetric clinic in Japan. Our newly...

Background: A husband's support during childbirth is vital to a parturient woman's emotional well-being. Evidence suggests that this type of support enables a woman to feel more in control during labour by reducing maternal anxiety during childbirth. However, in Nepal, where childbearing is considered an essential element of a marital relationship...

A matched-pair case-control study was conducted to identify factors associated with Opisthorchis viverrini infection among primary schoolchildren to develop preventive education. A house-to-house interview of the guardians of 118 children (59 cases and 59 controls) was conducted to collect information about theirs and their children's fish eating h...

In the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos), health education is clearly a core aspect of the health service and is vital in improving people's lives through good health. However, there are many obstacles to conducting effective health education. The development of effective educational media is one solution to these problems. In Laos, tradition...

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation of sleepiness during night shift (SNS) in male shiftworkers with nonpharmacological self-management (nPSM) practices to facilitate good day sleep, and also with job stress. Sleepiness on the job and possible correlates to SNS among 157 male shiftworkers in a rotating three-shift schedule at a...

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore women's experiences of giving birth with their husband's support in urban Nepal. The study was conducted in July 2009 at a midwife-led birthing centre in the capital of Nepal. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted among twelve first-time expectant mothers who gave birth with the sup...

The husband's presence at childbirth is universally accepted in industrialised nations, but the concept is still new within the cultural values and norms of Nepalese society. Understanding the cultural context surrounding the feelings and needs of Nepalese husbands will help to initiate realistic maternity education programmes. To explore husbands'...

We evaluated the association between the stress levels and biological responses of nursing students in a clinical practicum. The subjects consisted of 28 third-year nursing students at the nursing department of College A. The degree of stress was evaluated using the Japanese version of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). As parameters of biol...

Purpose：The purpose of the present study was to develop a Burnout Causal Model, to verify the fitness of this model and to provide suggestions for improving work-related environments for nurses caring for patients with intractable neurological illness. Methods：Subjects comprised 385nurses working in the intractable neurological illness ward. The st...

Purpose：The purpose of the present study was to develop a Burnout Causal Model, to verify the fitness of this model and to provide suggestions for improving work-related environments for nurses caring for patients with intractable neurological illness. Methods：Subjects comprised 385nurses working in the intractable neurological illness ward. The st...

The purposes of this study were to examine factors which influence the internal body water level from a perspective of the internal body water level and to examine a factor of polydipsia. The internal body water level was measured for 58schizophrenic patients hospitalized at a mental hospital.Then comparisons were made between 35patients with polyd...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of web-based assertion training programmes for Japanese hospital nurses based on their assertion knowledge, attitude and behaviour, job stress and depression. Job stress has been reported to be high among Japanese hospital nurses, and it is thought that assertion, one type of communication skill,...

Abstract Polydipsia and water intoxication have been found to be care problems in people with schizophrenia in many countries. This Japanese study measured the body fluid distribution and body fat of 80 males with long standing schizophrenia and compared this to that of 64 healthy males, using bioelectrical impedance spectrum analysis (BIS). Partic...

The purpose of this study is to clarify the work-related environmental stressor influencing Burnout by utilizing a Covariance Structure Analysis in order to plan concrete measures for preventing Burnout. The subjects were nurses caring for patients with neurological intractable illness. Questionnaire investigation was carried out to 284 nurses work...

Case descriptions Details of individual clinical courses and discussions of management proposals are provided in pdf format.

Many dietary recommendations for the prevention of heart disease and hyperlipidemia include restriction of cholesterol intake. However, limiting cholesterol intake might also affect the intake of other nutrients. The daily intakes of cholesterol, lecithin, total fatty acids, and SFAs by 388 Japanese subjects (ages 6-59 y) were analyzed directly usi...

Although senile dementia patients in long-term care facilities are at leading risk of scabies, the epidemiologic characteristics of this disease have yet to be fully clarified. This study documents the findings of a ward-scale nosocomial outbreak in western Japan from 1989-90, for which permission to publish was only recently obtained. A retrospect...

For the purpose of examining the relation of sleep problems and other possible correlates with smoking among staff nurses in hospitals, the cross-sectional data of a self-administered questionnaire survey for 522 Japanese female staff nurses were reanalyzed. Registered nurses or licensed practical nurses were 82%, while nursing assistants were 18%....

Coping profile of workers greatly affects the process where job stressors develop health problems, but most of the previously proposed questionnaires for the coping profile are too long to be applied to the program of occupational mental health. In the present study, the authors report the process of developing a new self-rating questionnaire for a...

Recently, we1 reported that the slope of the respiratory sensation response curve to CO2 assessed by visual analog scale (VAS), exhibited a parallel leftward shift when combined with hypoxic stimulation. However, further analysis additionally elucidated the presence of significant upward shift of this VAS response curve in the same experimental con...

The ventilatory response to isocapnic moderate hypoxia in humans is biphasic, consisting of an initial brisk increase followed by a gradual decrease in ventilation, namely hypoxic ventilatory depression (HVD)1. A similar biphasic response in the heart rate (HR) during sustained hypoxia was also observed in our previous study2. Although some mechani...

Ventilatory response to CO2 combined with hypoxic stimulation has been well documented as exhibiting a positive interaction between the two stimuli in humans1, and in cats2,3. Furthermore, Mohan and Duffin4 examined the effect of hypoxia on ventilatory response to CO2 using a modified Read’s rebreathing method, covering wide range of CO2 including...

For the purpose of examining the characteristics of job stress and its association with the mental health of hospital nurses based on the job-stress model, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was given to 101 nurses in a public hospital, and the data for 98 women(97%) were analyzed. The level of their job demands was comparable with that of the...

A cross-sectional survey was carried out for the purpose of examining the association of work stress with insomnia among nurses working rotating shift systems. A self-administered questionnaire on sleep and mental health was distributed to 875 nurses at five hospitals in Japan. Out of the data from 785 (89.7%) respondents, those from 555 women enga...

Sleep debt on weekdays in Japanese white-collar workers, estimated using a questionnaire, was associated with age, overtime, and self-rated workload.

To compare the effect of hypoxia on ventilatory responses and respiratory sensation to carbon dioxide, 29 young adults were examined using a modified Read's rebreathing method with four experimental conditions. We used varying gas mixtures and kept PetO2 constant at >300, 100, 80 and 60 mmHg for each four rebreathing tests. Respiratory sensation wa...

Mental health problems among hospital nurses have been studied from the viewpoint of burn-out, although few studies in Japan focus on the characteristics of their work stress and the correlates to their mental health in comparison with the workers occupied in other jobs. In the present study, a questionnaire survey was given to 178 hospital nurses...

In order to investigate the difference in diurnal variation of autonomic control between young male mild to moderate hypertensive and normotensive white-collar workers, we accessed heart rate variability with ambulatory blood pressure for over 24 hours including work and sleep periods. Both mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP)...

Ventilatory control in response to combined CO2 and hypoxic stimulations has been well documented as inducing positive interaction. Dyspnea sensation or breathlessness is an important determinant for limiting successful achievement of respiratory activities. Although hypoxia and hypercapnia are important chemical factors of respiratory sensation, l...

High hematocrit (Ht) level has been reported to be a correlating factor of hypertension in aged people, but has not been examined in younger generation. To investigate the association between Ht and blood pressure (BP) in healthy young workers, statistical analysis was performed for 646 male employees, using cross-sectional health-check data. Ht wa...

The Ama have existed for more than 2000 years in Japan and Korea. They have been diving for seaweed and molluscs. Their traditional way of fishing, with goggles or a mask, but without a wetsuit, is still practised as a result of laws against overfishing. We investigated cardiovascular diving responses, expressed as heart rate (HR) reduction, periph...

The ventilatory response to progressive isocapnic hypoxia (HVR) was examined in 14 healthy subjects, following 10 min hyperoxic or control normoxic exposure (defined +O2 and −O2 runs, respectively). During HVR test, it was tried to keep end-tidal PCO2 constant at the level of room air breathing in both +O2 (39.1±4.2 mmHg) and −O2 (39.2±4.8 mmHg) ru...

Ventilatory response to eucapnic sustained mild hypoxia was measured in one patient with unilateral and three patients with bilateral carotid body (CB) resection (defined UR and BR, respectively). The profile of ventilatory response in UR patient was initially augmented then gradually declined (biphasic pattern) as generally seen in normal subjects...

To investigate the possible effects of long commuting time and extensive overtime on daytime cardiac autonomic activity, the short-term heart rate variability (HRV) both at supine rest and at standing rest of 223 male white-collar workers in the Tokyo Megalopolis was examined. Workers with a one-way commute of 90 min or more exhibited decreased vag...

To investigate the relationships among the amount of job stressors, self-reported sleep quality, and daytime autonomic activities, a questionnaire survey was conducted for 223 healthy male white-collar workers, and their short-term heart rate variability (HRV) was also examined. Half of the subjects complained of nightly poor sleep quality. Self-re...

In the previous communication(11), we reported that prior O2 breathing lasted for 10 min effectively augmented the subsequent ventilatory level in isocapnic sustained hypoxia. In addition, we found that involvement of a humoral agent, excitatory amino acid glutamate, may be responsible for inducing this phenomenon.

The carotid body (CB) is the most important chemoreceptor for eliciting hyperpnea in response to hypoxic exposure.1 However, the level of hypoxic hyperventilation is not maintained at a constant level: ventilation (VI) during sustained mild hypoxia initially increases rapidly, and then gradually declines with time.2-4 The initial rapid rise is gene...

The metabolic activities of skeletal muscles were studied in male rats exposed to hypobaric-hypoxia at about 550 Torr for 8 h per day for 2 weeks. Rats were divided into three groups; control (normoxic control), diurnal hypoxic (DH) exposure, and nocturnal hypoxic (NH) exposure groups. The changes in body weight and daily diet intake of the NH grou...

In order to examine the effects of mild to moderate obesity, moderate to heavy smoking, and moderate alcohol consumption on cardiac parasympathetic activities and systemic sympathetic activities, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in 282 healthy Japanese male white-collar workers. Their autonomic activities were assessed as amplitudes of spec...

The peripheral chemoreceptors play a dominant role in the respiratory compensation of lactic acidosis during heavy exercise of humans. Our object was to determine the contribution of peripheral chemoreceptors to exercise hyperpnea during mild to moderate and heavy exercise above the anaerobic threshold. We used a hyperoxic suppression test in six n...

Sixteen healthy volunteers breathed 100% O2 or room air for 10 min in random order, then their ventilatory response to sustained normocapnic hypoxia (80% arterial O2 saturation, as measured with a pulse oximeter) was studied for 20 min. In addition, to detect agents possibly responsible for the respiratory changes, blood plasma of 10 of the 16 subj...

The presence of hyperoxic hyperventilation seems to have been well confirmed in humans by Becker et al (1995) when the PETco2 is maintained at a normocapnic level. They also observed that augmented ventilation at higher than the control level still continued even 15 min after termination of hyperoxia, suggesting that a humoral agent might be involv...

Ventilatory response to sustained hypoxia is known to exhibit a biphasic profile: an initial rapid augmentation followed by a gradual decline. The former is induced by an excitation of the peripheral chemoreceptor. Interestingly, regarding the latter secondary depression (defined as hypoxic ventilatory depression, HVD), it has been suggested by sev...

In Ni-Fe/Cu multilayers formed by ion beam sputtering, oscillatory magnetoresistance changes with copper thickness have been observed at room temperature. As the thickness of the Ni-Fe layer increased, the magnetoresistance ratio increased, reached a maximum value at 1.0-1.1 nm, and decreased slightly above 1.1 nm. The maximum magnetoresistance rat...

We studied the dynamic profile of respiratory and circulatory activities during sustained isocapnic hypoxia in healthy males. In response to end-tidal PO2 depression to about 55 Torr, minute ventilation first increased briskly and then depressed. Such biphasic response to hypoxia was also observed in the heart rate. A significantly positive correla...

Recent investigations have shown that the calcium channel blocker verapamil attenuated the hypoxic ventilatory chemosensitivity of carotid body in animals. To determine whether this is also the case in humans, transient physiological chemodenervation by O2 breaths (withdrawal test) during sustained hypoxia (N = 7), and ventilatory and circulatory r...

Increased ventilation is important for persons going to high altitude and this is attributable to hypoxic stimulation of the peripheral chemoreceptors. However, the hypocapnia induced by hyperventilation and central hypoxic ventilatory depression substantailly attenuate the initial ventilatory response to hypoxia. Huang et al. (5) demonstrated that...

It has been well established that altitude acclimatization not only induces augmented ventilatory response to hypoxia3 but also deteriorative effect on ventilation1. The latter is well known as hypoxic ventilatory depression (HVD) for patients with chronic mountain sickness2, 4. As is presented in our other report in this proceedings8, in early acc...

Fe‐C/Ta multilayered films with low Ta diffusion into Fe are examined to find thermally stable soft magnetic Fe‐based multilayers. Although coercivities of Fe‐C/Ta multilayered films increase after heat treatment at 300–400 °C, they decrease to ≪200 A/m after heat treatment at 500–600 °C. Relative permeabilities of the multilayers with C concentrat...

Ion beam-sputtered Fe-2 at%C-M/Ni-20 at%Fe multilayers (M : Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W) are heat-treated and the effects of additional elements on thermal stability are examined. The temperature at which coercivity increases abruptly due to the heat treatment rises by adding certain elements, i.e. Hf and Ta, and the thermal stability of the f...

A time course of cardiovascular activity in 8 healthy males in relation to augmented ventilatory activity and humoral factors was observed during step CO2 elevation with constant hypoxia. During the first step increase, by 3 Torr in end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2), the heart rate (HR) initially tended to decrease, then slowly increased to slightly below th...

Chemical and non-chemical contributions to breath-holding time (BHT) were directly determined by using a visual analog scale (VAS). These values were compared with those indirectly calculated from the method proposed by Godfrey and Campbell (1968). The magnitude of non-chemical factor at low PCO2 in our study was substantially less than the one obt...

We measured heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), systemic arterial blood pressure (BP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in 7 healthy volunteers in response to face immersion in water with concomitant breath-holding at different lung volumes. The subjects were at rest in the prone position. During breath-holding at total lung capacity (TLC), baseli...

Fe-C films are grown epitaxially on a GaAs (100) single crystal substrate by ion beam sputtering and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants of the Fe-C films are evaluated. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant of the obtained Fe film is 40 kJ/m3, which is 15% smaller than that reported for bulk Fe. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy const...

Fe-2 at.%Ni/Ni-20 at.%Fe multilayered films are formed by the ion beam sputtering method. Their magnetic properties and magnetic anisotropy dispersions are examined. The Fe-Ni/Ni-Fe multilayered film of a 25 nm period displays a relative permeability of 1300 and a saturation magnetic flux density of 1.9 T. As the period of Fe-Ni/Ni-Fe multilayered...

The paper examines soft magnetic properties and film structures of Fe‐C/Ni‐Fe multilayers formed by the dual ion‐beam sputtering method. The following results are obtained. (1) The addition of C to Fe improves the soft magnetic properties of Fe, making its magnetostriction constant zero while keeping its high saturation magnetic flux density. (2) T...

Ion beam-sputtered Fe-9at%C/Ni-Fe multilayers are heat treated and the changes in their magnetic properties are examined. Relative permeability increases and coercivity decreases as the heat treatment temperature increases. The mean anisotropy field and magnitude dispersion also decrease with increasing temperature. The (110) plane distance decreas...

Fe/Ni-Fe multilayered films are formed by the ion beam sputtering method. Their magnetic properties and film structures are examined. As the period of the Fe/Ni-Fe multilayered films is reduced, the Fe crystallite diameter and the magnetic anisotropy dispersion become small and the soft magnetic properties are improved. The Fe/Ni-Fe multilayered fi...

Fe and Ni-Fe films are formed by the ion beam sputtering method. Changes in magnetic properties due to the dispersion angle of sputtered atoms are examined. The lowest coercive force and the highest relative permeability are obtained at a dispersion angle of 60-90 degree . The Fe and Ni-Fe films show preferred orientations of LT AN BR 110 RT AN BR...

Various ethical issues have arisen in the medical field and the awareness and response to them are thought to affect the clients’quality of life．There is a possibility that midwives，who are involved in assisting child delivery，are faced with medical issues and caught in dilemmas of demands between doctors and clients．In this research，therefore，a qu...

本研究は, 地域で生活する高齢者の健康診査での貧血検査の必要性と高齢者の貧血の判断基準について検討を行った. 対象は老人保健法に基づく基本健康診査を受診した40歳以上男性362名, 女性621名である. 貧血検査の結果より, 造血機能は男女とも70歳代以降から有意に低下し, また加齢にともない個人差が大きくなっていた. 貧血は高齢者の活動性を維持した社会生活を送るための指標として重要な項目である. 貧血症状を鑑別しにくい高齢者にとっては血液学的検査が有効であり, 健康診査で高齢者に貧血検査を実施することは, 二次性の貧血の早期発見に加え, 加齢による経年的変化をふまえ個々にあった生活指導に活用することができ, 意義が大きいと考える. また, 地方の一地域で生活する住民を対象とした貧血検査から...

本報告は, ラオス中南部の農村地域において, 児童のタイ肝吸虫(Opisthorchis viverrini : O. viverrini)感染に関わる要因を検討するために, 対象児童とその家族の日常的な魚の摂取習慣(リスクフィッシュおよび生魚の摂取習慣)と児童のタイ肝吸虫感染の状況との関係を明らかにした. 59組の児童(タイ肝吸虫感染が認められた子どもと認められなかった子ども)の養育者(親)に対して面接調査を実施し, 家族が頻繁に食べる魚, 家族が生で頻繁に食べる魚, 対象児童が魚の生摂取を開始した年齢について回答を得た. その結果, 対象地域では, リスクフィッシュが頻繁に摂取されていた. 家族が頻繁に摂取しているリスクフィッシュ, 生で頻繁に摂取している魚の種類は, 感染群と非感染群の...

報告 Report 国立情報学研究所で電子化 【目的】看護学生の臨床実習におけるストレッサーとストレスの状況や性格との関連について検討した。【対象と方法】対象はK大学看護学科3年生の女性27名。方法は,ストレスの程度を評価するために状態-特性不安を日本版State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)を用いて測定し,臨床実習前と臨床実習中の計2回実施した。また,実習ストレッサー(鈴木ら)に対する調査も同様に行った。性格の評価は,矢田部・ギルフォード検査(YG)を用い,臨床実習に関係のない春期休暇中に実施した。【結果・結論】臨床実習前と実習中では,STAIの状態不安が高くなり,看護学生が臨床実習でストレスを感じていることがわかった。また,実習ストレッサーの得点の高い者は...

Recently, "school health" is drawing attention as an efficient approach in order to improve child health in the developing countries. Since 1980's, the assistance for the school health has been advancing in the world. However, there is very little information and research reports on the details of health related knowledge and behavior in primary sc...