Toshiki Takamizawa

• Ph.D.
• Professor (Associate) at Nihon University

Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the resin/dentin interfaces of universal adhesives by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and to compare their morphologies with conventional etch & rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) adhesive systems. Methods: Two three-step and one two-step ER adhesives and two two-step and two single-step SE ad...

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate dentin bonding durability of different etch-and-rinse (ER) adhesive systems under fatigue stress and to compare morphological features of resin/dentin interfaces using SEM. Methods Two three-step ER adhesives, a two-step ER adhesive, and a universal adhesive in ER mode were evaluated. Before appl...

Objective: This study investigated the handling and surface characteristics of universal resin composites and determined the interrelations among the composites' handling, mechanical, and physical properties. Methods: Five recently introduced universal resin composites were tested. Twelve specimens per material were used to measure the stiffness...

This study aimed to observe and compare the resin luting cement (RLC)/dentin interfaces of different types of RLC systems with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study evaluated six self-adhesive resin luting cement systems (SARLCs), four systems combining a SARLC with a tooth primer (SARLCPs), and six conventional resin luting cement systems...

This study investigates how the cavity depth of restorations influences the color adjustment potential of universal shade bulk-fill resin composites. Standard cavities, with diameters of 4 mm and depths of either 2 or 4 mm, were created at the center of artificial teeth occlusal surfaces. A structural-colored bulk-fill resin composite and two pigme...

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the influence of surface pretreatment on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a resin luting cement to enamel and dentin with saliva contamination. The surface free energies (SFE) of the adherent surfaces were also determined. Methods and Materials Bovine enamel and dentin were used in this study. For the saliva...

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the dentin bond performance of various resin luting cement (RLC) systems combined with universal adhesives in different luting strategies. Materials and methods Three self-adhesive resin luting cements (SRLCs) were used with universal adhesives as primers. Twelve specimens per group were prepared to measure...

Objective The color matching of single‐shade resin composites after in‐office whitening was investigated. Materials and Methods Four single‐shade resin composites were used. A total of 35% hydrogen peroxide was used as the whitening agent. The resin composite was placed in a cavity of an artificially discolored bovine tooth. The color differences...

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the dentin bond performance of various resin luting cement (RLC) systems combined with universal adhesives in different luting strategies. Materials and Methods Three self-adhesive RLCs were used with universal adhesives as primers. Twelve specimens per group were prepared to measure shear bond strength (SBS)...

This study aimed to evaluate the bonding performance of self-adhesive flowable resin composites (SARs) to bovine teeth. Three SARs, one experimental, and two commercially available products, were used. The study parameters were shear bond strength (SBS), microleakage, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation of bonding interfaces. The SBS...

This study investigated the potential of BioUnion filler containing glass ionomer cement (GIC) to enhance the properties of enamel surrounding restorations, with a specific focus on the effect on hardness. The hardness of the bovine enamel immersed in the cement was measured using Vickers hardness numbers. Following sliding and impact wear simulati...

Objectives This study aimed to investigate bond performance of various resin luting cement (RLC) systems on enamel and dentin in different etching modes and to compare the RLC-tooth interface morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods and Materials The self-adhesive RLC systems used in combination with universal adhesives were as...

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of surface pretreatment on the shear bond strength of resin luting cement to saliva-contaminated resin core foundation. The surface free energy (γS) of the adherent surfaces was examined. The two-way analysis of variance revealed that the surface pretreatment and storage conditions had a significant effect...

This study aimed to determine the influence of surface roughness of the color adjustment potential restoration of universal resin composites. A structural colored resin composite (Omnichroma, OC) and a pigment-employed universal shade resin composite (Beautifil Unishade, BU) were used. Each resin composite was placed in a cavity to determine its ab...

The recently developed biphasic calcium phosphate cement (BCPC) consists of α-tricalcium phosphate-tetracalcium phosphate as the solid phase and calcium phosphate solution as the liquid phase. BCPC powder is composed of a single solid solution with a monomodal size distribution. Here, we used a bacterial leakage model to examine the utility of BCPC...

Objective: This controlled randomized clinical trial determined the whitening efficacy and the intensity and absolute risk of tooth sensitivity in dual whitening when prefilled at-home whitening trays were used between in-office whitening intervals. Materials and methods: An in-office whitening agent containing 35% hydrogen peroxide was used. A...

This study investigated the enamel and dentin bond durability of a two-step adhesive system, using a universal adhesive-derived primer (G2-Bond Universal [GU]), and compared it with the two conventional, two-step, self-etch adhesive systems (Clearfil SE Bond 2 [CS] and OptiBond XTR [OX]) under thermal cycling (TC) and long-term water storage (WS)....

Purpose: To investigate the changes in the enamel bond performance of a two-step adhesive containing a primer derived from a universal adhesive in the early phase before 24 h and compare them to those of other adhesives. The Knoop hardness number (KHN) of the cured adhesive layers and resin composite was measured. Materials and methods: A new tw...

Numerous laboratory evaluations have been conducted since Dr. Rafael Bowen introduced a method for determining the bond strengths of adhesive systems to dental substrates in 1965. Most of the past studies have been conducted using static bond strength tests, such as shear and tensile bond strength testing with either macro or micro sized specimens....

Objectives This study investigated the enamel and dentin bond durability of a two-step adhesive system, using a universal adhesive-derived primer (G2-Bond Universal [GU]), and compared it with the two conventional, two-step, self-etch adhesive systems (Clearfil SE Bond 2 [CS] and OptiBond XTR [OX]) under thermal cycling (TC) and long-term water sto...

This study investigated the effect of the bonding agent application method on the dentin bond durability of a two‐step adhesive utilizing a universal‐adhesive‐derived primer. The bonding durability of a universal adhesive was compared with those of two conventional two‐step adhesives by shear bond strength testing after thermal cycling. The primer...

To examine the effect of mold enclosure and chisel design on macro shear fatigue bond strengths of dental adhesive systems. The fatigue bond strength testing was conducted with two commercially available dental adhesive systems, (1) OptiBond eXTRa and (2) Scotchbond Universal, for bonding a resin composite (Filtek Supreme Ultra) to both enamel and...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of a glass ionomer cement (GIC) consisting of fluoro-zinc-silicate glass on the demineralization of bovine dentin using the ultrasonic pulse-echo method. The findings were compared with those obtained using a conventional GIC. Slabs of dentin from bovine teeth were sliced, shaped in...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immediate shear bond strength of resin composite luting systems to tooth with or without saliva contamination in different curing modes. The Knoop hardness number of the resin composite luting agents was measured. Four combinations of resin composite luting systems were used. The shear bond strength to...

Little information is available about enamel wear caused by zirconia brackets, an inadvertent side effect of orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine potential enamel damage induced by contact with zirconia brackets. Sliding and impact wear simulations were performed using bovine enamel specimens positioned at a 25° slant to...

Purpose: To investigate the changes in the dentin bond strengths of universal adhesives during the early phase and evaluate the effect of a double-layer adhesive application on the performance of the dentin bond. Materials and methods: Three universal adhesives and a two-step self-etch adhesive were employed to ascertain the shear bond strengt...

Purpose: To examine the effects of an ion-releasing filler-containing gel on the remineralization of dentin using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Dentin slabs of bovine teeth were sliced and shaped into a rectangular form. Specimens were treated with undersaturated 0.1 M lactic acid buffer solution (pH 4.75) for 10 minutes and then...

This study investigated the bonding performance of two different types of resin cements to computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) composite blocks based on the shear bond strength (SBS) test. A silane-containing self-adhesive resin cement (Panavia SA Cement Universal) and resin luting cement (Block HC Cem) with a primer, were...

This study was performed to investigate the influence of pre-etching area and functional monomers in orthodontic adhesive pastes on enamel bond strength. Bovine enamel was partially pre-etched with phosphoric acid for 30 s over areas with a diameter of 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 mm, and metal brackets were then bonded with or without functional monomers in th...

This study aimed to evaluate the filler contents (FCs), flexural properties, depth of cure (DOC), wear resistance, and handling properties of different low-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites (LVBRCs) and to determine the correlations between the tested parameters. Six LVBRCs, Beautifil-Bulk (BBF), Bulk Base Hard (BBH), Bulk Base Medium (BBM), Fil...

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the adhesive application method on the durability of the enamel bond and the thickness of the adhesive layer. A new-generation two-step universal adhesive system, G2-Bond Universal, and two conventional two-step adhesive systems were utilized. The shear bond strength to bovine enamel was measured after the...

Clinical Relevance Although excellent color-matching ability was confirmed for the structural colored resin composite Omnichroma, care should be taken to ensure that the appropriate chromatic color conditions for restoration are achieved in the oral environment. SUMMARY Purpose: The present study evaluated the color-matching ability of a structura...

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the flexural properties and surface characteristics of a structural colored resin composite after different finishing and polishing methods, in comparison to those of conventional resin composites. Methods and Materials: A structural color resin composite, Omnichroma (OM, Tokuyama Corp, Chiyoda City...

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of light irradiation on the clinical efficiency of an in-office whitening agent. Methods: The in-office whitening agent (Opalescence Boost 35%) was used in this study. Two whitening regimens were evaluated on maxillary anterior teeth: (1) with light irradiation; and (2) without light irradiation. The ΔE*, chang...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of polishing paste containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler to prevent acidic attack on tooth enamel surfaces. Resin composites were filled in the standardized cavities and finished with silicon carbide paper. These specimens were divided into three groups: the unpolished “...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding and wear properties of self‐adhesive flowable restorative materials. Five self‐adhesive flowable restorative materials were used. The study parameters were: (i) shear bond strengths; (ii) microleakage; (iii) occlusal wear; and (iv) qualitative evaluation of the bonding interface. The range of sh...

This study investigates the flexural properties, Knoop hardness number (KHN), and wear behavior of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin blocks and compares these values with those of conventional resin composites for direct restoration (RCDs). Four CAD/CAM resin blocks and two RCDs are compared. Ten specimens per m...

Objective: This study investigated the dentin remineralization effect of the application of a functionalized tri-calcium phosphate (fTCP) dentifrice and a silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution. Material and methods: The materials used were: a fluoride-containing dentifrice with fTCP (fTCP＋), a fluoride-containing dentifrice without fTCP (fTCP-)...

Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the changes in the enamel bond strengths of universal adhesives in the early phase of specimen creation and evaluate the effect of double-layer application on enamel bond effectiveness using different etching modes.Method Four universal adhesives, namely Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, G-Premio Bond,...

This study aimed at determining the enamel bond durability of universal adhesives to intact enamel (IE) and ground enamel (GE) in different etching modes under thermal cycling (TC) and fatigue stresses. Two universal adhesives and a two‐step self‐etch adhesive were used. Enamel specimens were divided into four groups by treatment: (i) GE in etch‐an...

Purpose: This study investigated the influence of professional mechanical tooth cleaning (PMTC) pastes on the surface texture of different subject materials. Methods: Two one-step PMTC pastes, Clinpro Cleaning Paste for PMTC (CP) and PRG Pro-Care Gel (PG), and multiple-step PMTC pastes, Merssage Regular (MR), Merssagge Fine (MF), and Merssage Plus...

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of a pencil-type transducer connected to a pulser-receiver to measure remaining dentin thickness (RDT). Methods: A total of 24 freshly extracted bovine incisors were used to prepare dentin disks with certain thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm). The thicknesses of the specimens were measured with an ultrasonic...

Objective To examine the effect of filler contentTo examine the effect of filler content on structural coloration of experimental flowable resin composites. Overview Experimental composites containing spherical fillers and different filler contents (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 wt%), a structural colored resin composite (Omnichroma), and a nanohybrid flo...

The purpose of this case report is to describe a minimally invasive technique for non-vital tooth bleaching using traditional Japanese paper, known as washi. Non-vital tooth bleaching with a mixture of sodium perborate and 30% hydrogen peroxide rolled in Japanese paper for a traumatically injured tooth, and in-office vital-tooth bleaching for the u...

Objective: This study aimed to compare dentin bond durability under different degradation conditions between two etch-and-rinse (ER) systems and a universal adhesive in ER mode. Method: This study used a universal adhesive [Scotchbond Universal (SU)], a three-step ER adhesive [Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus (SM)], and a two-step ER adhesive [Sing...

Clinical Relevance The use of layering techniques is still advisable with many bulk-fill resins and should be the default unless a particular resin is known to not need it. SUMMARY Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate how layering techniques affect polymerization shrinkage stresses of high-and low-viscosity bulk-fill resins. Met...

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different surface treatments of CAD/CAM composite blocks on bonding effectiveness of resin cements, based on the shear bond strength test and the surface science examination. Specimens were fabricated from two types of CAD/CAM composite blocks (Cerasmart and VITA Enamic), and the specimen surf...

Purpose: To investigate the occlusal wear of bulk-fill and conventional flowable resin composites. Methods: Four bulk-fill flowable resin composites: (1) Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative (FB); (2) G-ænial Bulk Injectable (GB); (3) SDR Flow+ (SD); and (4) Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill (TB), and four conventional flowable resin composites: (1) Cle...

Objective This study investigated simulated cuspal deflection and flexural properties of bulk-fill and conventional flowable resin composites. Methods and Materials Five bulk-fill and six conventional flowable resin composites were evaluated. Aluminium blocks with a mesio-occlusal-distal cavity were prepared and randomly divided into groups for ea...

This study aimed to determine the role of the 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) in dentin bond durability of universal adhesive in etch-&-rinse mode through bond strength tests after different degradation conditions. This study used the MDP-containing universal adhesive, Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CU), and an experimental adhes...

Although there have been improvements in bracket systems precoated with adhesive, removal of adhesive remnants continues to be problematic. This study compared the hardness and maintainability of precoated adhesive with other commercial adhesives. Knoop hardness values were measured after light- or chemical-induced initial curing, immersion in dist...

Purpose: To use shear bond strength (SBS) and shear fatigue strength (SFS) testing to determine the durability of adhesion of self-adhesive restorative materials compared to composite resin bonded with a universal adhesive. Materials and methods: A universal adhesive, Prime & Bond Active, was used in self-etch mode to bond Z-100 composite resin...

Purpose: To investigate simulated localized and generalized wear of self-adhesive restorative materials. Materials and methods: Three commercially available restorative materials and one experimental material with self-adhesive properties were evaluated. The experimental material was tested in both light-cured and self-cured conditions. Activa (...

Purpose: To investigate the effect of application of a primer resembling a universal adhesive with or without light irradiation followed by a hydrophobic bonding agent on bonding effectiveness, based on shear bond strength (SBS) and shear fatigue strength (SFS) tests. Materials and Methods: An experimental two-step self-etch adhesive (BZF) that co...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aluminablasting on the bond durability of universal adhesives and adherent surface characteristics. Adhese Universal (Ivoclar Vivadent), All-Bond Universal (Bisco), Bondmer Lightless (Tokuyama Dental), G-Premio Bond (GC), and Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE) were used in self-etch mode. The prepare...

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of finishing and polishing methods on surface properties of bulk-fill resin composites through surface roughness ( Ra) and surface free energy (SFE) measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Three bulk-fill resin composites, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TB), Filtek Bulk...

In this study, dentin bond fatigue resistance and interfacial science characteristics of universal adhesives through etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes were investigated. Resin composite was bonded to human dentin with four universal adhesives, namely, Adhese Universal, All-Bond Universal, G-Premio Bond, and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive. The initi...

We attempted to determine the effect of universal adhesive application time on dentin bond performance in different etching modes based on shear bond strength (SBS) tests and surface free energy (SFE) measurements. The five universal adhesives used were Adhese Universal (AU), Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CQ), G-Premio Bond (GP), Scotchbond Univer...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate simulated localized and generalized wear of indirect composite resins used for implant supported provisional restorations. Materials and methods: The study investigated ten indirect composite resins. Two kinds of wear were simulated by 400,000 cycles in a Leinfelder-Suzuki (Alabama) machine. Loca...

We investigated the influence of different curing modes on the mechanical properties and wear behavior of dual-cure provisional resin-based composites (DCPRs). Three DCPRs and a self-curing bis-acryl provisional resin-based composite were used. Flexural strength (σF), elastic modulus (E), resilience (R), and fracture toughness (KIC) were measured....

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether different enamel etching methods with reduced etching times would improve the bonding effectiveness of universal adhesives. Methods and materials: Three enamel etching methods, phosphoric acid ester monomer (PPM) etching, phosphoric acid (PPA) etching, and polyalkenoic acid (PLA) etchi...

The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate bond effectiveness of universal adhesives to unground and ground enamel surfaces in different etching modes, through shear bond strength (SBS) tests and scanning electron microscopy observations. Three universal adhesives, a conventional two‐step self‐etch adhesive, and a conventional single‐...

The purpose of this study was to: (a) evaluate the role of enamel surface roughness on bond fatigue durability and (b) evaluate statistical differences in roughness values based on measurement technique, including the use of spatial filtering for optical profilometry (OP). OptiBond XTR (Kerr Corp), Prime & Bond elect (DENTSPLY Caulk), Scotchbond Un...

Purpose: To evaluate whether surface moisture would influence the bonding effectiveness of universal adhesives in etch-and-rinse mode. Methods: All-Bond Universal (AB), G-Premio Bond (GP) Prime&Bond Active (PB) and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SU) were evaluated. Shear bond strengths after 24 hours and 10,000 thermal cycles of universal adhesi...

The clinical report describes a three-dimensional (3D) printed coping for intraoral evaluation before milling final anterior restorations. The use of printed copings allows restorations for complex and esthetically important restorations to be thoroughly tested at relatively low cost without introducing large delays into the fabrication process.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of desensitizing dentifrices containing stannous fluoride (SnF2) on dentinal tubule occlusion. Two experimental dentifrices with the same ingredients but different SnF2 concentrations (Group II, 0.4% w/w; Group III, 0.454% w/w) were used; distilled water was used in the control group (Group I). Th...

Purpose: To evaluate whether different etching methods with reduced etching times would improve the enamel bonding efficacy of universal adhesives. Materials and methods: Three enamel etching methods were evaluated - 1. phosphoric acid ester monomer etching (PPM); 2. phosphoric acid etching (PPA); and 3. polyalkenoic acid etching (PLA) - as were...

Objectives: This study investigates the handling, mechanical, and wear properties of the newly developed flowable resin composites and elucidate the interrelations among the tested parameters. Methods: Six flowable and two conventional resin composites are used. Five measurements are performed per resin composite to obtain the average inorganic...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different adhesive application methods and etching modes on the dentin bond durability of universal adhesives under thermal cycling (TC). All-Bond Universal (Bisco), Adhese Universal (Ivoclar Vivadent), and Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE) were used as adhesives. In total, 600 bovine teeth with...

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the simulated cuspal deflection and flexural properties of high viscosity bulk-fill and conventional resin composites. Methods: Seven high viscosity bulk-fill resin composites and eight conventional resin composites were used. Aluminum blocks (10 mm x 8 mm x 15 mm) with a mesio-occlusal-di...

The purpose of this study was to examine the shear fatigue strengths of a resin composite bonded to dentin. Three adhesive systems – a two‐step self‐etch adhesive (OptiBond XTR; Kerr) and two universal adhesives [Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE) and G‐Premio Bond (GC)] – were used in self‐etch mode to bond a resin composite to dentin at a physiologic...

Objective: This study investigated the influence of thermal stress on the simulated localized and generalized wear of nanofilled resin composites. Methods: Six nanofilled resin composites were evaluated and then subjected to a wear challenge of 400,000 cycles in a Leinfelder-Suzuki (Alabama) wear simulation device after 24 hours of water storage...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of reduced application times of universal adhesives on enamel bond fatigue and surface morphology of the treated enamel with constant force atomic force microscopy (AFM). Methods: Four universal adhesives-Adhese Universal (AU), Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CU), G-Premio Bond (GP),...

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the enamel bond durability of universal adhesives in the self-etch mode under 2-year water storage and thermal cycling conditions. Materials and methodsThree commercially available universal adhesives and a gold standard two-step self-etch adhesive were used. Ten specimens of bovine enamel were pr...

The effect of phosphoric acid pre-etching on enamel bond fatigue durability of universal adhesives and two-step self-etch adhesives was investigated. Four universal adhesives and three two-step self-etch adhesives were used. The initial shear bond strengths and shear fatigue strengths to enamel with and without phosphoric acid pre-etching using the...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acid erosion on the bonding performance of universal adhesives. Freshly extracted bovine teeth were cut into enamel slabs and assigned to either the Er or the control group. Specimens in the Er group were immersed in citric acid solution (pH 2.1) twice a day and stored in artificial saliva,...

The aim of this study was to use ultrasonography to evaluate the effect of the self-assembling peptide P11-4 on acid erosion prevention. Curodont Repair (CR), which includes peptide P11-4, was used. Rectangular prisms of bovine enamel (4×1×1 mm) were immersed in pure orange juice for a period of 5 minutes six times per day for 28 days. These sample...

This study evaluated the simulated localized wear of resin luting cements for universal adhesive systems using different curing modes. Five resin luting cements for universal adhesive systems were evaluated and subsequently subjected to wear challenge in a Leinfelder-Suzuki wear simulation device. Overall, 20 specimens from each resin luting cement...

The relationship between enamel bond fatigue durability and surface free-energy characteristics with universal adhesives was investigated. The initial shear bond strengths and shear fatigue strengths of five universal adhesives to enamel were determined with and without phosphoric acid pre-etching. The surface free-energy characteristics of adhesiv...

Purpose: To investigate the influence of application time and etching mode of universal adhesives on enamel adhesion. Materials and methods: Five universal adhesives, Adhese Universal, Bondmer Lightless, Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, G-Premio Bond, and Scotchbond Universal, were used. Bovine incisors were prepared and divided into four groups o...

The application of resin composites in dentistry has become increasingly widespread due to the increased aesthetic demands of patients, improvements in the formulation of resin composites, and the ability of these materials to bond to tooth structures, together with concerns about dental amalgam fillings. As resistance to wear is an important facto...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of different smear layers on enamel and dentin bond durability of various types of self-etch adhesives. Methods: Two universal adhesives, Scotchbond Universal (SU) and Prime & Bond elect (PE); a conventional single-step self-etch adhesive, G-ænial Bond (GB); and two two-step sel...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the oxygen inhibition layer of universal adhesive on enamel bond fatigue durability and interfacial characteristics with different etching modes. Methods: The three universal adhesives used were Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA), Adhese Universal (Ivoclar...

The present study determined the mechanical properties and volumetric polymerization shrinkage of different categories of resin composite. Three high viscosity bulk fill resin composites were tested: Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TB, Ivoclar Vivadent), Filtek Bulk Fill posterior restorative (FB, 3M ESPE), and Sonic Fill (SF, Kerr Corp). Two low-shrink...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of double-layer application of universal adhesives on the bond quality and compare to other adhesive systems. Methods: Two universal adhesives used were in this study: Scotchbond Universal (SU), [3M ESPE] and Prime & Bond elect (PE), [Dentsply Caulk]. The conventional single-step self...

Purpose: To comparatively evaluate universal adhesives and two-step self-etch adhesives for enamel bond fatigue durability in self-etch mode. Methods: Three universal adhesives (Clearfil Universal Bond; G-Premio Bond; Scotchbond Universal Adhesive) and three two-step self-etch adhesives (Clearfil SE Bond; Clearfil SE Bond 2; OptiBond XTR) were u...

The influence of the number of cycles on shear fatigue strength to enamel and dentin using dental adhesives in self-etch mode was investigated. A two-step self-etch adhesive and two universal adhesives were used to bond to enamel and dentin in self-etch mode. Initial shear bond strength and shear fatigue strength to enamel and dentin using the adhe...

Objective: The relationship between the simulated gap wear and generalized wear of resin luting cements was investigated. Methods: Five resin luting cements, G-Cem LinkForce (GL), Multilink Automix (MA), NX3 Nexus, Panavia V5 (PV), and RelyX Ultimate were evaluated and subsequently subjected to a wear challenge in a Leinfelder-Suzuki (Alabama) w...