Toni Bunnell

University of Hull

Parasite loads of animals vary among individuals, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully identified. Here, we investigated whether health status of hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) is correlated with tick burden, and whether chemical cues linked to the health status of the host mediate attraction of the tick Ixodes hexagonus. An ecologica...

The need to disinfect a patient's skin before subcutaneous or intramuscular injection is a much debated practice. Guidance on this issue varies between NHS organisations that provide primary and secondary care. However, with patients being increasingly concerned with healthcare-associated infections, a general consensus needs to be reached whereby...

Abstract: European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are thought to have two litters a year in Britain. Second or late litters would be expected to have a reduced chance of survival as they have less time available to gain sufficient weight to enable them to survive hibernation. Anecdotally, juveniles born late in the season have been reported to gai...

Over the past two decades, nurses have begun to undertake tasks and assume responsibilities traditionally associated with medicine. This has led to debate, particularly with regard to the extension of the nurse prescribing role. This article examines some of the key issues surrounding the advancement of nursing practice and the effect on the nursin...

Background: Sexuality and sexual health are issues that have been neglected in nursing practice and in the literature. This literature review discusses how the sexuality and sexual health of clients with learning disabilities are perceived and addressed in contemporary society. Conclusion: Sexuality and challenging behaviours, such as self-harm,...

The data suggest that it is the relationship between the weight and size of a British hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) rather than the weight per se, that is important for assessing the animal's nutritional status and chances of post-release survival. The relationship between two girth measurements, made at right angles to each other on a tightly cur...

The aim of this paper was to promote the use of musical interventions with clients with learning disabilities. Musical interventions with this group of clients were found to be effective in reducing self-injurious behaviour, aggression and other behaviour, which challenge the service providers. Music was also found to have the potential to improve...

When presenting an ailing hedgehog for examination by a veterinarian it is advisable to, whenever possible, provide a faecal sample for scrutiny. This article presents a simple technique that allows assessment of aspects of hedgehog health from the overt appearance of the faeces. Analysis, using this technique, will allow more appropriate treatment...

The main reasons for the delivery of 168 wild hedgehogs to an animal home in York, England, were investigated between 1998 and 2000. All the animals were subsequently treated at the author's hedgehog sanctuary. Of these 61% were nestlings, 25% juveniles, and 14% adults. Nestlings showed a significantly male-biased sex ratio (m:f =1.5:1), while juve...

This study was conducted in an attempt to determine whether "healing with intent" could be shown to exert an effect on pepsin enzyme ac-tivity which, if proven, might serve to raise the credibility of healing as a bona fide therapy. The ability of healing to influence enzyme activity was chosen as a method of assessment as it eliminated the possibi...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Open University, 1981.