Tommi Mikkonen

• Professor at University of Jyväskylä

As modern system of systems (SoS) become increasingly adaptive and human centred, traditional architectures often struggle to support interoperability, reconfigurability, and effective human system interaction. This paper addresses these challenges by advancing the state of the art holonic architecture for SoS, offering two main contributions to su...

The goal of the project QLEAP (2022-24), funded by Business Finland and participating organizations, was to study using containers as elements of architecture design. Such systems include containerized AI systems, using containers in a hybrid setup (public/hybrid/private clouds), and related security concerns. The consortium consists of four compan...

Quantum computing is an emerging field that promises to revolutionize various domains, such as simulation optimization, data processing, and more, by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics. This paper outlines innovative pedagogical strategies developed by university lecturers in Finland and Spain for teaching quantum computer programming a...

In this paper, we provide the first systematic literature review of the intersection of two research areas, Multi-Label Learning (MLL) and Software Engineering (SE). We refer to this intersection as MLL4SE. In recent years, MLL problems have increased in many applications and research areas because real-world datasets often have a multi-label natur...

The utilization of health data for secondary purposes, such as research, statistics, and development, has become increasingly significant in advancing healthcare systems. To foster the above, Finland has established a framework for the secondary use of health data through legislative measures and the creation of specialized institutions, which are...

The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) and large language models (LLMs) such ChatGPT has enabled the realization of long-harbored desires in software and robotic development. The technology however, has brought with it novel ethical challenges. These challenges are compounded by the application of LLMs in other machine learning s...

Coding camps bring together individuals from diverse backgrounds to tackle given challenges within a limited timeframe. Such camps create a rich learning environment for various skills, some of which are directly associated with the camp, and some of which are a result of working as a team during the camp. Unfortunately, coding camps often remain i...

The emergence of quantum computing proposes a revolutionary paradigm that can radically transform numerous scientific and industrial application domains. However, realizing this promise in industrial applications is far from being practical today. In this paper, we discuss industry experiences with respect to quantum computing, and the gap between...

Today's society increasingly depends on digital services in areas such as banking, healthcare, and shopping. With growing demand for new features and the need for seamless updates, ensuring high availability has become essential for companies to stay competitive. To explore this from a developer's perspective, we conducted a semi-structured intervi...

As Systems of Systems evolve into increasingly complex networks, harnessing their collective potential becomes paramount. Traditional SoS engineering approaches lack the necessary programmability to develop third party SoS level behaviors. To address this challenge, we propose a software defined approach to enable flexible and adaptive programming...

Quantum Software (QSW) aims to exploit the principles of quantum mechanics-programming quantum bits (qubits) that manipulate quantum gates (qugates)-to implement quantum computing systems. QSW has emerged as a quantum-specific genre of software-intensive systems, requiring notations, languages, patterns, and tools, etc., for mapping the operations...

Inhouse-tutkimuksen esitys, versio 2

Public actors are often seen as slow, especially in renewing information systems, due to complex tendering and competition regulations, which delay decisions. This challenge is even greater in multi-company ecosystems. However, when faced with a common threat, the ecosystem needs to unite to face the challenge. This study explores how the Omaolo ec...

Investing in an Information Security Management System (ISMS) enhances organizational competitiveness and protects informa- tion assets. However, introducing an ISMS consumes significant resources; for instance, implementing an ISMS according to the ISO27001 stan- dard involves documenting 116 different controls. This paper discusses how Kempower,...

Investing in an Information Security Management System (ISMS) enhances organizational competitiveness and protects information assets. However, introducing an ISMS consumes significant resources; for instance, implementing an ISMS according to the ISO27001 standard involves documenting 116 different controls. This paper discusses how Kempower, a Fi...

Many public organisations procure a substantial amount of goods and services from in-house companies. When providing their goods and services, those companies are supposed to fulfil objectives set for them and for the wider entity, including in particular cost-effectiveness. This paper examines the performance of selected in-house companies both by...

Despite the immense potential of AI-powered medical devices to revolutionize healthcare, concerns regarding their safety in life-critical applications remain. While the European regulatory framework provides a comprehensive approach to medical device software development, it falls short in addressing AI-specific considerations. This article propose...

Despite the immense potential of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered medical devices to revolutionize health care, concerns regarding their safety in life-critical applications remain. This article proposes extending the general idea of AI lifecycle with regulatory activities relevant to AI-enabled medical systems.

Quantum computing is a highly abstract scientific discipline, which, however, is expected to have great practical relevance in future information technology. This forces educators to seek new methods to teach quantum computing for students with diverse backgrounds and with no prior knowledge of quantum physics. We have developed an online course bu...

Quantum software engineering is an emerging field that utilizes quantum computing and software development to address the current computing challenges. One of these challenges is security, which has become a significant concern in quantum software engineering. Although there have been advancements in quantum computing security, there is insufficien...

Quantum computing proposes a revolutionary paradigm that can radically transform numerous scientific and industrial application domains. To realize this promise, new capabilities need software solutions that are able to effectively harness its power. However, developers face significant challenges when developing quantum software due to the high co...

Context: The emergence of quantum computing proposes a revolutionary paradigm that can radically transform numerous scientific and industrial application domains. The ability of quantum computers to scale computations beyond what the current computers are capable of implies better performance and efficiency for certain algorithmic tasks. Objective:...

In the era of 6G, developing and managing software requires cutting-edge software engineering (SE) theories and practices tailored for such complexity across a vast number of connected edge devices. Our project aims to lead the development of sustainable methods and energy-efficient orchestration models specifically for edge environments, enhancing...

Software containers have emerged as solutions for developing and deploying software applications. Despite the popularity and portability of containers, there is significant concern about container security, which hinders their adoption. Recent research has made efforts to investigate container security theoretically and experimentally. Meanwhile, s...

Context: Defining and designing a software product is not merely a technical endeavor, but also a socio-technical journey. As such, its success is associated with human-related aspects, such as the value users perceive. To handle this issue, the product manager role has become more evident in software-intensive companies. A unique, challenging cont...

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a binary instruction format designed for secure and efficient execution within sandboxed environments - predominantly web apps and browsers - to facilitate performance, security, and flexibility of web programming languages. In recent years, Wasm has gained significant attention from the academic research community and industr...

Quantum software engineering is advancing in the domain of quantum computing research and application, yet the documentation is scattered. The slow transition from Von-Neumann based computation systems to quantum systems, and conserving the fundamental computing principles in software development and software engineering helps in enrichment of quan...

Artificial Intelligence has demonstrated its significance in software engineering through notable improvements in productivity, accuracy, collaboration, and learning outcomes. This study examines the impact of generative AI tools, specifically ChatGPT, on the software development experiences of undergraduate students. Over a three-month project wit...

Rovaniemen ja Lohjan kaupunkien tekemät päätökset hankkia rakennetun ympäristön tietojärjestelmäratkaisuksi Kuntien Tiera oy:n toteuttaman Tiera Cityn ovat joutuneet markkinaoikeuden tarkasteluun. Rovaniemen ja Lohjan kaupunkien siltä tekemistä sidosyksikköhankinnoista on nostettu valituksia. Tilanteeseen liittyy merkittäviä haasteita hankintalains...

In-house procurement is a controversial issue in the field of public procurement. Simply put, such procurement allows overlooking certain aspects of fair and equal treatment of vendors. This paper presents qualitative research on in-house ICT procurement within Finnish municipalities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather insights fro...

Business and technology are intricately connected through logic and design. They are equally sensitive to societal changes and may be devastated by scandal. Cooperative multi-robot systems (MRSs) are on the rise, allowing robots of different types and brands to work together in diverse contexts. Generative artificial intelligence has been a dominan...

In modern business, maintaining competitiveness and efficiency necessitates the integration of state-of-the-art technology. This paper introduces the Artificial Intelligence Procurement Assistant (AIPA), an advanced system co-developed with Solita, a Finnish software company. AIPA leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) and sophisticated data analyt...

The emergence of quantum computing proposes a revolutionary paradigm that can radically transform numerous scientific and industrial application domains. The ability of quantum computers to scale computations imply better performance and efficiency for certain algorithmic tasks than current computers provide. However, to gain benefit from such impr...

The public sector is a significant consumer of ICT systems. In countries like Finland, where openness, objectivity, and fairness in public acquisitions are deemed essential, public ICT procurement is based on tenders initiated by public sector organizations. The tendering process is regulated by laws that aim to eliminate unfair advantages and prov...

Public sector procurement units in the field of ICT suffer from siloed, application-specific architectures, where each system operates in isolation from others. As a consequence, similar or even identical data is maintained in several different databases, hosted by different organizations. Such problems are caused by the lack of standard guidelines...

Background: Continuous software engineering practices are currently considered state of the art in Software Engineering (SE). Recently, this interest in continuous SE has extended to ML system development as well, primarily through MLOps. However, little is known about continuous SE in ML development outside the specific continuous practices presen...

Public actors are considered slow in their operations, particularly so when their information system renewal is involved. Processes, such as tendering and actions against unfair competition, often imply that decisions are delayed for various reasons, many of which are unanticipated for software developers. This is accentuated when an ecosystem of c...

Context The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a disruptive impact on how people work and collaborate across all global economic sectors, including software business. While remote working is not new for software engineers, forced WFH situations come with both limitations and opportunities. As the ‘new normal’ for working might be based on the current state...

Software industry has widely adopted agile software development model, where it is accepted that change is constant. Indeed, as the environment in which the software is run changes – be it changes in jurisdiction, language, user expectations, reinterpretation or requirements, or something else – the software needs to be modified to satisfy end-user...

Background: Containers are a commonly used solution for deploying software applications. Therefore, container functionality and security is a concern of practitioners and researchers. Testing is essential to ensure the quality of the container environment component and the software product and plays a crucial role in using containers. Objective: In...

In software development, privacy has become an increasingly critical aspect due to privacy legislation, the growing complexity of software, and the private nature of many computing systems. However, studies reveal that developers often have security-focused understanding of privacy and expect user privacy needs to align with their own. This can ris...

The growing domain of liquidity in computing extends its boundaries to include advancements like liquid artificial intelligence (AI). Liquid AI leverages liquid software using isomorphic Internet of Things (IoT) architecture to enhance computation at the edge. This innovation presents numerous possibilities and significant challenges. Central to th...

Background: Containers are a commonly used solution for deploying software applications. Therefore, container functionality and security are concerns of practitioners and researchers. Testing is essential to ensure the quality of the container environment component and the software product and plays a crucial role in using containers. Objective: In...

Public sector is a large consumer for ICT systems and services development used for various public services. Tendering for such systems is governed by laws aimed at eliminating unfair advantages and offering all possible parties equal opportunities to participate in the tendering process. In this article, we study in-house procurement, where the ac...

An Internet of Things (IoT) system typically comprises numerous subsystems and devices, such as sensors, actuators, gateways for internet connectivity, cloud services, end-user applications, and analytics. Currently, these subsystems are built using a wide range of programming technologies and tools, posing challenges in migrating functionality bet...

Despite the increasing interest in quantum computing, the aspect of development to achieve cost-effective and reliable quantum software applications has been slow. One barrier is the software engineering of quantum programs, which can be approached from two directions. On the one hand, many software engineering practices, debugging in particular, a...

The emergence of quantum computing has introduced a revolutionary paradigm capable of transforming numerous scientific and industrial sectors. Nevertheless, realizing the practical utilization of quantum software in real-world applications presents significant challenges. Factors such as variations in hardware implementations, the intricacy of quan...

Many small to large organizations have adopted the Microservices Architecture (MSA) style to develop and deliver their core businesses. Despite the popularity of MSA in the software industry, there is a limited evidence-based and thorough understanding of the types of issues (e.g., errors, faults, failures, and bugs) that microservices system devel...

WebAssembly enables running the same application code in a range of devices in headless mode outside the browser. Furthermore, it has been proposed that WebAssembly applications can be made isomorphic so that they can be liberally allocated to a set of computers that comprise the runtime environment. In this paper, we explore if WebAssembly truly e...

A typical Internet of Things (IoT) system consists of a large number of different subsystems and devices, including sensors and actuators, gateways that connect them to the Internet, cloud services, end-user applications and analytics. Today, these subsystems are implemented with a broad variety of programming technologies and tools, making it diff...

Architecting software-intensive systems can be a complex process. It deals with the daunting tasks of unifying stakeholders’ perspectives, designers’ intellect, tool-based automation, pattern-driven reuse, and so on, to sketch a blueprint that guides software implementation and evaluation. Despite its benefits, architecture-centric software enginee...

Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a growing research field that has emerged in response to the challenges related to AI. Transparency poses a key challenge for implementing AI ethics in practice. One solution to transparency issues is AI systems that can explain their decisions. Explainable AI (XAI) refers to AI systems that are interpretab...

Suomessa hankintalain ohjeistus ja valvonta ontuvat, ja tämä takia on muodostunut epäselviä sidosyksikköhankintoja eli ns. inhouse- ja inhousesister-järjestelyjä. Joulukuun 2022 EU-tuomioistuimen ennakkoratkaisu inhouse-hankinnoista väistämättä vaikuttaa myös Suomen käytäntöihin. Ennakkoratkaisussa käsiteltiin belgialaisen kunnan, rajavastuuosuusku...

Quantum systems have started to emerge as a disruptive technology and enabling platforms - exploiting the principles of quantum mechanics - to achieve quantum supremacy in computing. Academic research, industrial projects (e.g., Amazon Braket), and consortiums like 'Quantum Flagship' are striving to develop practically capable and commercially viab...

Quantum computing systems rely on the principles of quantum mechanics to perform a multitude of computationally challenging tasks more efficiently than their classical counterparts. The architecture of software-intensive systems can empower architects who can leverage architecture-centric processes, practices, description languages, etc., to model,...

Architecting software-intensive systems can be a complex process. It deals with the daunting tasks of unifying stakeholders' perspectives , designers' intellect, tool-based automation, pattern-driven reuse, and so on, to sketch a blueprint that guides software implementation and evaluation. Despite its benefits, architecture-centric software engine...

Milloin hankintalakia ei tarvitse noudattaa hankintaviranomaisten välisissä sopimuksissa? EU-tuomioistuimen joulukuussa 2022 tekemä ennakkoratkaisu antaa osviittaa. - Suomessa julkisten hankintojen kokonaisarvo oli 45 miljardia euroa vuonna 2021, ja inhouse-yhtiöiltä ostettiin arviolta 41 miljardin edestä tuotteita ja palveluita. Inhouse-järjeste...

Information loss is generally related to power consumption. Therefore, reducing information loss is an interesting challenge in designing digital systems. Quaternary reversible circuits have received significant attention due to their low-power design applications and attractive advantages over binary reversible logic. Multiplexer and demultiplexer...

Cloud computing and deep learning, the recent big trends in the software industry, have enabled small companies to scale their business up rapidly. However, this growth is not without a cost – deep learning models are related to the heaviest workloads in cloud data centers. When the business grows, the monetary cost of deep learning in the cloud gr...

Robotics enabled by AI and advanced software technologies are taking the world by storm. The advanced automation systems, systems-of-systems that power them, and their collaboration are complex and difficult to understand. Lacking knowledge about how they work can only improve our lives so much; in fact, it can hamper the interactions between syste...

In Industry-Academia Collaborations (IAC) both academic, scientific research results and industrial practitioner findings and experiences are produced. Both types of knowledge should be gathered, codified, and disseminated efficiently and effectively. This paper investigates a recent (2014–2017) large-scale IAC R&D&I program case (Need for Speed, N...