Tomasz Cepowski

• Associate Professor
• Maritime University of Szczecin

Increased maritime cargo transportation has necessitated stricter management of emissions from ships. The primary source of this pollution is fuel combustion, which is influenced by factors such as a ship’s added wave resistance. Accurate estimation of this resistance during ship design is crucial for minimizing exhaust emissions. The challenge is...

As global maritime cargo transportation intensifies, managing CO2 emissions from ships becomes increasingly crucial. This article explores optimizing bulk carrier fleets for transporting polymetallic nodules (PMNs) from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) to reduce CO2 emissions. Our analysis shows that larger bulk carriers, despite greater drifting...

The increasing complexity of data across various scientific disciplines necessitates the use of advanced analytical tools capable of handling multidimensional datasets and uncovering intricate relationships within them. This article presents ndCurveMaster, a state-of-the-art curve fitting software, emphasizing its pivotal role in contemporary scien...

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During the parametric ship design stage, added ship resistance, a component of total ship resistance is analysed to estimate the required propulsive power. The determination of added resistance at this design stage is problematic because the added resistance is calculated using hull shape, which is unknown at this stage. At the parametric design st...

Increases in fuel prices and the need to decrease emissions have made the optimization of fuel consumption on ships more critical. Developing a method to accurately estimate fuel consumption in ship operations is crucial for this reason. This article determined the mathematical relationships between fuel consumption and operation parameters, such a...

This article presents preliminary design formulas developed using a database of container ships built since 2015. Artificial neural networks and multiple nonlinear regressions with randomly searched functions were used to develop these formulas. The use of random search for nonlinear functions in a Multiple Nonlinear Regression model gave estimates...

The 2007–2008 financial crisis, together with rises in fuel prices and stringent pollution regulation, led to the need to update the methods concerning ship propulsion system design. In this article, a set of artificial neural networks was used to update the design equations to estimate the engine power and fuel consumption of modern tankers, bulk...

The article presents equations for the estimation of steel motor yacht light displacement based on selected design parameters, such as length overall, draught and breadth. The data of 240 build steel motor yachts from 2000 to 2020 with lengths from 30 m to 86 m were used to develop these equations. The complex design equations based on all design p...

Container ship length was estimated using artificial neural networks (ANN), as well as a random search based on Multiple Nonlinear Regression (MNLR). Two alternative equations were developed to estimate the length between perpendiculars based on container number and ship velocity using the aforementioned methods and an up-to-date container ship dat...

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This article focuses on the use of an artificial neural network to estimate added resistance in regular head waves while using ship design parameters, such as length, breadth, draught or Froude number. In order to create a reliable model, only experimental data determined through model test measurements was used to train the neural network. This st...

AddedResistance (MAC/WIN) program was developed for added resistance estimation on head waves by the use of an MLP artificial neural network. In order to create a reliable model, only experimental data determined through model tests measurements was used to train this neural network. The following model tests results of these vessels were used in t...

Nowadays, when we try to automatize all activities, there is a growing demand for energy in all forms. Increasingly we reach for new energy sources that can be problematic to store or to transport, owing to their toxicity or explosive propensity. The article examines the issues of determining danger zones occurring as a result of liquefied natural...

This article presents regression formulas for the preliminary design of tankers, bulk carriers and container vessels, based on the data of ships built from 2000 to 2018. The formulas could have practical application for the estimation of total engine power by using ship’s deadweight or TEU capacity and speed. The regressions presented in this artic...

This article presents an analysis of vertical shear forces and bending moments during nodule loading in the case of a standard bulk carrier around the Clarion–Clipperton Zone. An operational efficiency index was applied to an assessment of internal forces during loading which took into account wave heights and periods around this zone. The aim of t...

This article presents regression equations to estimate container ship design characteristics based on the most up-to-date data and deadweight capacity, the number of containers and their combination at the preliminary design stage. These design formulas could have application for the estimation of key container ship characteristics such as: main sh...

The paper presents regression formulas that allow us to estimate the final price of new container ships, based on TEU and deadweight capacity, service speed, length between perpendiculars and gross tonnage of container ships built from 2005 to 2015. The formulas were developed using the author’s own method based on curve fitting techniques and regr...

The article presents the use of multiple regression method to identify added wave resistance. Added wave resistance was expressed in the form of a four-state nominal function of: “thrust”, “zero”, “minor” and “major” resistance values. Three regression models were developed for this purpose: a regression model with linear variables, nonlinear varia...

This article presents design formulas for the preliminary design of tankers built from 2000 to 2018. These formulas could have practical application for the estimation of main tanker dimensions, such as: length between perpendiculars, breadth and draught moulded. All equations presented in this paper have been developed in relation to deadweight an...

The paper presents mathematical relationships that allow us to forecast the estimated main engine power of new container ships, based on data concerning vessels built in 2005-2015. The presented approximations allow us to estimate the engine power based on the length between perpendiculars and the number of containers the ship will carry. The appro...

The paper presents mathematical relationships that allow us to forecast the newbuilding price of new bulk carriers, based on data concerning vessels built in 2005-2015. The presented approximations allow us to estimate the price based on a gross tonnage capacity and a main engine power The approximations were developed using linear regression and t...

The article presents the mathematical function to calculate the added wave resistance transfer function for bulk carriers. Based on this function, the statistical mean added wave resistance generated by an irregular head wave with arbitrary statistical parameters can be forecasted. The input parameters are: waterplane area, waterplane coefficient,...

The source contains the computer programs “Kalkulator” and “Sekwencja” for planning and simulation of cargo handling operations and the exchange of ballast water for bulk carrier B-517 series. The software is designed to develop and simulate particular loading stages based on the loading programs or water ballast exchange plans.

The paper presents the concept of modeling a ship's operating parameters in order to minimize the fuel consumption in real weather conditions. This is an important innovation because, in ship theory, fuel consumption and speed are usually expressed by average values over longer periods of time, which is a significant limitation. This article presen...

The naval architect has to tackle many of the problems, while designing ships for the loading, storage and transport of polymetallic or other nodules, this article focuses on how to assure appropriate hull strength. This author proposes mathematical relationships and operational and design solutions allowing to more effectively reduce shear forces...

In this paper we present some initial considerations which can be used in developing the design of a polymetallic nodules mining ship. The requirements for cargo volume and deadweight are studied on the basis of assumed production output. A novel concept for cargo discharging to a shuttle transport ship by self-unloading is proposed. The presented...

The paper presents an innovative computer programs " Kalkulator " and " Sekwencja " for planning and simulation of cargo handling operations and the exchange of ballast water for bulk carrier B-517 series. The software is designed to develop and simulate particular loading stages based on the loading programs or water ballast exchange plans. The pr...

The methods herein described deal with predicting the added resistance in waves and may be useful in the preliminary stage of ro-ro ferry design. The research was aimed at replacing the complex numerical model with an approximating model based on the principal design parameters. To achieve this aim the author uses the methods of linear regression a...

The article discusses the influence of those environmental conditions on the human being that may cause sea sickness. Different indexes describing motion sickness are presented. Besides, a mathematical interrelation describing the effect of waves and design parameters on the motion sickness incidence index is described. The relation has been used f...

The article describes a method of ship seakeeping characteristics modeling that are represented by descriptive variables. The research aimed at checking the possibility of using artificial neural networks for building models based on descriptive values of seakeeping properties and finally, developing design guidelines. The article reports an experi...

In this paper are presented problems of modelling seakeeping qualities of open-top container carriers in the preliminary design phase. Approximations of accelerations and occurrence rate of green water ingress to holds are presented in function of main ship design and wave parameters. The approximations have been elaborated by applying theory of ar...

This paper presents an analysis of a presently applied approach to accounting for seakeeping qualities of FPSO sea-going ships and possible using it in preliminary design stage. Approximations of heaving, pitching, green water ingress on the deck and slamming of FPSO ships, based on main ship design and wave parameters, are presented. The approxima...

The main scientific aim of this research was to elaborate design guidelines which could make it possible to improve sea-keeping qualities of passenger-car ferries. The design guidelines were prepared in the form of regression functions as well as artificial neural networks on the basis of the results obtained from calculations with the use of numer...

On the modeling of car passenger ferryship design parameters with respect to selected sea-keeping qualities and additional resistance in waves This paper presents the modeling of car passenger ferryship design parameters with respect to such design criteria as selected sea-keeping qualities and additional resistance in waves. In the first part of t...

Modelling of green water ingress into holds of an open-top containership in its preliminary design phase In this paper a method is presented of modelling the green water ingress into holds of open-top containership, which can be useful in the preliminary ship design phase. As a result of the research a mathematical formula which makes it possible t...

This paper presents a method which makes it possible to determine optimum hull form of passenger car ferry with regard to selected sea-keeping qualities and additional resistance in waves. In the first phase of investigations a hull form characterized by the highest qualities was selected from the list of similar ships. Next, its optimum dimension...

Application of artificial neural networks to approximation and identification of sea-keeping performance of a bulk carrier in ballast loading condition This paper presents an application of artificial neural networks to approximation and identification of additional wave-generated resistance, slamming and internal forces depending on ship motion an...

Approximation of the index for assessing ship sea-keeping performance on the basis of ship design parameters This paper presents a new approach which makes it possible to take into account seakeeping qualities of ship in the preliminary stage of its design. The presented concept is based on representing ship's behaviour in waves by means of the so...

In the paper, were presented approximations of numerical calculations of ship’s roll on the basis of main service parameters of the ship. This way were obtained several relationships which make it possible to approximate ship roll in regular and irregular waves by using the parameters available in the phase of voyage routing. The relationships were...