Tomás I. MarinaCentro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas | CAIC · Laboratorio de Oceanografía Biológica
Tomás I. Marina
PhD Science and Technology
Network theory applied to food webs, and beyond!
About
55
Publications
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148
Citations
Citations since 2017
Introduction
I use ecological modeling tools to understand high-latitude marine ecosystems. Specifically, some of the topics I work on are:
- Antarctic and sub-Antarctic marine food webs using a network approach,
- Plankton dynamics in systems affected by climate change using differential equations.
Additional affiliations
April 2021 - April 2021
April 2016 - April 2018
Education
April 2015 - April 2020
September 2011 - September 2013
Field of study
- Marine Biology
February 2004 - June 2009
Publications
Publications (55)
In the northeast of the Yucatan Peninsula a dynamic upwelling event occurs between spring and summer, which enriches the otherwise oligothrophic waters, generating phytoplankton growth and enhancing the food web process. An NPZ model was used to better understand the ecological processes involved in the bloom.
Characterize and identify the hydrochemical variables that cause changes in the phytoplankton and zooplankton community in the Yucatan Peninsula.
First attempt to address phytoplankton responses to a coastal upwelling event in the north-east Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) under a dynamic model approach.
Network approaches can shed light on the structure and stability of complex marine communities. In recent years, such approaches have been successfully applied to study polar ecosystems, improving our knowledge on how they might respond to ongoing environmental changes. The Weddell Sea is one of the most studied marine ecosystems outside the Antarc...
Los efectos ocasionados por los cambios ambientales antropogénicos en las comunidades de los ecosistemas marinos han sido y siguen siendo motivo de diversas líneas de investigación. En los últimos años se ha evidenciado la importancia de considerar las interacciones tróficas para comprender mejor los efectos de dichos cambios en los ecosistemas mar...
Interactions between organisms are diverse and attend to multiple biological demands; hence, understanding ecological communities requires considering different types of species interactions beyond predation. In this work, we assembled the non-trophic networks of a marine Antarctic ecosystem for the first time. We report mutualistic (+ / +), compet...
Las redes ecológicas son herramientas que permiten estudiar cómo se relacionan las especies en un ecosistema. En el lenguaje de programación R existen varios paquetes que permiten analizar las propiedades de complejidad, estructura y estabilidad de estas redes, siendo ‘igraph’ uno de los más populares. En este trabajo presentamos ‘multiweb’, un paq...
The objective is to analyse the structure and functional redundancy of the Weddell Sea food web considering the intensity of the trophic interactions and its topological properties. Overall, using weighted (by interaction strength) and unweighted versions of the network to better understand how the ecosystems is structured and functions.
This is a...
Significance
Multiple anthropogenic disturbances affect the structure and functioning of communities. Recent evidence highlighted that, after pulse disturbance, the functioning a community performs may be recovered fast due to functional redundancy, whereas community multivariate composition needs a longer time. Yet, the mechanisms that drive the d...
La riqueza de especies en el Área Marina Protegida Namuncurá - Banco Burdwood I (AMP), tanto en el fondo marino como en la columna de agua, hace de esta región un área única dentro del Mar Argentino. Se destacan especies vulnerables y endémicas. El principal tipo de interacción entre especies que ocurre en un ecosistema marino es el que se establec...
Food web structure plays an important role in determining ecosystem stability against perturbations. High-latitude marine ecosystems are being affected by environmental stressors and biological invasions. In the West Antarctic Peninsula these transformations are mainly driven by climate change, while in the sub-Antarctic region by anthropogenic act...
Local food webs result from a sequence of colonisations and extinctions by species from the regional pool or metaweb, that is, the assembly process. Assembly is theorised to be a selective process: whether or not certain species or network structures can persist is partly determined by local processes including habitat filtering and dynamical const...
Globally important services are supported by Southern Ocean ecosystems, underpinned by the structure, function, and dynamics of complex interconnected and regionally distinctive food webs. These food webs vary in response to a combination of physical and chemical processes that alter productivity, species composition and the relative abundance and...
Los movimientos que realizan los individuos son relevantes para diversos procesos demográficos. Los individuos jóvenes, debido a su mayor movilidad, son claves para la conectividad entre poblaciones, y estudiarlos resulta fundamental para entender las dinámicas poblacionales. El carancho austral (Phalcoboenus australis) es una especie no migratoria...
Food web structure plays an important role in determining ecosystem stability against perturbations. High-latitude marine ecosystems are being affected by environmental stressors and biological invasions. In the West Antarctic Peninsula these transformations are mainly driven by climate change, while in the sub-Antarctic region by anthropogenic act...
A metaweb is a regional pool of species and their potential trophic interactions. Food webs are the result of assembly processes influenced by habitat filtering, dispersal limitation and dynamical constraints, but this process is not well known. We compared the structure of empirical local food webs to their metawebs using a dynamical assembly mode...
Food web analyses are powerful tools to understand the structure, dynamics and stability of communities. Potter Cove (25 de Mayo/King George Island) is one of the most biodiverse and studied fjords on the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), where climate change is affecting benthic and pelagic communities. This fjord ecosystem presents a considerable d...
Las relaciones de alimentación entre las especies que habitan regiones marinas de altas latitudes componen una intrincada red de cientos de especies e interacciones. La red trófica del ecosistema de la caleta Potter, en la Península antártica, se compone de más de 90 especies y 300 interacciones tróficas. Dichas interacciones describen el mapa de r...
Network-based approaches are gaining momentum as one of the most helpful tools for the analysis of ecosystems. We studied the structure, function and stability of Potter Cove ecosystem (South Shetland Islands) using a network approach. We considered trophic and non-trophic interactions. Non-trophic interactions double in number trophic relationship...
Las redes tróficas son modelos que representan las interacciones presa-depredador que ocurren en un ecosistema. El estudio de su estructura, dinámica y estabilidad utilizando herramientas matemáticas surge como una perspectiva de investigación precisa para comprender las respuestas de las comunidades al cambio climático en la Península Antártica. E...
Food web structure analysis is central to predict the vulnerability of ecosystems to climate change. Recently, the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) suffered the collapse of massive ice shelves. Understanding the role of predators gives insight into the resilience and robustness of complex ecosystems. To test the role of marine birds we performed in silico...
Antarctic macroalgae are the basis of marine food webs in most coastal environments, especially the more confined ones such as bays and fjords. Whether through direct consumption or via detritus, their role in maintaining biodiversity is essential. However, their relevance is due not only by direct trophic interactions but also by indirect feedback...
Las redes tróficas pueden estudiarse como la realización de una secuencia de eventos de colonización y extinción, donde un grupo regional de especies, llamado meta-red, actúa como fuente de nuevas especies. Las redes tróficas son entonces el resultado de procesos de ensamblado influenciados por la migración, el hábitat, factores estocásticos y rest...
En las últimas décadas, más del 75% de los glaciares en la Península Antártica presentaron tasas crecientes de retroceso lo cual intensifica la descarga de aguas de deshielo a zonas costeras y regiones de plataforma. Estas aguas modifican la salinidad, impactan en la circulación oceánica, el nivel del mar y la productividad del ecosistema. Caleta P...
There is an increasing concern for the conservation of soil biodiversity and its ecosystem functions. In this context, it is crucial to comprehend the typical response times of the community (meso and macrofauna) to disturbances associated with different land uses. If we consider a disturbance as some degree of disorganization produced by an input...
Las relaciones entre las especies que habitan el ecosistema marino antártico son diversas, múltiples y se ven alteradas por los cambios ambientales. En este artículo de divulgación científica te contamos sobre el "mapa de interacciones de alimentación" entre las algas, invertebrados, peces, aves y mamíferos marinos que habitan en la Antártida.
In this note, we employed traditional morphometrics to characterize in detail the skull morphometry of the two subspecies of long-finned pilot whale (G. melas melas and G. melas edwardii) in the Atlantic Ocean and compare them in order to provide new information about their cranial structure, as well as to contribute to the taxonomic resolution of...
Antarctica is seriously affected by climate change, particularly at the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) where a rapid regional warming is observed. Potter Cove is a WAP fjord at Shetland Islands that constitutes a biodiversity hotspot where over the last years, Potter Cove annual air temperatures averages increased by 0.66 °C, coastal glaciers de...
Scheme of secondary extinctions detection
Scheme of the methodology used to detect secondary extinctions after the removal of a particular species (primary loss). In this example, the extinction threshold (v) was 0.75 and H2, P1 and P2 species were secondarily extinct when their fraction of incoming links l(i) was lower than v after the removal of...
Code to perform macroalgae loss in Potter Cove food web
Code implemented in R to carry out primary extinctions of macroalgae species. A vector with thresholds (v) was compared with the number of prey of each species to detect secondary extinctions.
Potter Cove food web
Raw data of Potter Cove food web. The adjacency matrix contains the same trophic species in rows (i) and columns (j) where the elements may be only one or zero ( aij = 0 or aij = 1). A one represents the existence of a trophic interaction where the j-species feeds on the i-species.
Uno de los desafíos a los que se enfrenta la ecología es comprender cómo se organizan las comunidades y las redes complejas de interacciones tróficas. También es importante entender de qué manera responden las propiedades emergentes de las redes ante los cambios ambientales. Los modelos ecológicos deben considerar a las especies como componentes in...
Local food webs can be studied as the realisation of a sequence of colonising and extinction events, where a regional pool of species — called the metaweb— acts as a source for new species. Food webs are thus the result of assembly processes that are influenced by migration, habitat filtering, stochastic factors, and dynamical constraints. Therefor...
The search for general properties in network structure has been a central issue for food web studies in recent years. One such property is the small-world topology that combines a high clustering and a small distance between nodes of the network. This property may increase food web resilience but make them more sensitive to the extinction of connec...
Comparison of the small-world-ness metric proposed by Humphries and Gurney [43] (Sws) and our method (SW).
(DOCX)
The search for general properties in network structure has been a central issue for food web studies in recent years. One such property is the small-world topology that combines a high clustering and a small distance between nodes of the network. This property may increase food web resilience but make them more sensitive to the extinction of connec...
Knowledge of the food web structure and complexity are central to better understand ecosystem
functioning. A food-web approach includes both species and energy flows among them, providing a
natural framework for characterizing species’ ecological roles and the mechanisms through which
biodiversity influences ecosystem dynamics. Here we present for...
Knowledge of the food web structure and complexity are central to better understand ecosystem functioning. A food-web approach includes both species and energy flows among them, providing a natural framework for characterizing species’ ecological roles and the mechanisms through which biodiversity influences ecosystem dynamics. Here we present for...
Las descargas de agua subterránea (DAS) y la surgencia costera son fenómenos oceanográficos
que generan nuevas condiciones hidroquímicas en áreas costeras. El cambio en la composición y la estructura
de la comunidad planctónica ante estas condiciones determina la dinámica de los niveles tróficos bajos en
los ecosistemas marino-costeros. El presente...
Glacier melting rate in the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) has increased over the past 50 years, promoting freshwater input into the water column, especially in shallow coastal environments. Freshwater is likely impacting on the structure and function of coastal food webs. Experimental studies in the WAP have demonstrated an association between...
The study of food web structure and complexity is central to better understand ecosystem functioning. A food-web approach includes both species and energy flows among them, providing a natural framework for characterizing species’ ecological roles and the mechanisms through which biodiversity influences ecosystem dynamics. Here we present for the f...
Comenzar cualquier estudio científico implica establecer la escala de observación a la cual se analizaran los patrones y procesos de interés. En el caso de la red trófica de caleta Potter (Isla 25 de Mayo, Antártida), hemos establecido dos escalas de observación que nos interesa comparar: el sistema como un todo y la disgregación de la red según el...
How to build reliable food web models to predict the effects of climate change in Potter Cove
Groundwater discharges (GWD) and coastal upwelling are oceanographic phenomena that generate new hydrochemical conditions in coastal areas. The change in the composition and structure of the phytoplankton and zooplankton community under these conditions determines the dynamics of low trophic levels in marine-coastal ecosystems. The present study de...
La pérdida de biodiversidad debido a la destrucción del hábitat y el cambio climático, entre otros factores, son una de las mayores amenazas que enfrentan los ecosistemas de nuestro planeta hoy en día. Es por esto que caracterizar, cualitativa y cuantitativamente, la robustez de sistemas ecológicos frente a diversas perturbaciones ambientales repre...
Las especies de macroalgas son la fuente principal de materia y energía del ecosistema marino de caleta Potter (Isla 25 de Mayo, Antártida). Este ecosistema ha registrado un aumento promedio de las temperaturas invernales del aire en 6 °C, un retroceso de los glaciares costeros y un aumento del material particulado en suspensión. Estos cambios prod...
El estudio de la estructura de las redes tróficas facilita la visualización de patrones de
interacción en ecosistemas complejos. Las características topológicas de dichas redes
revelan propiedades del funcionamiento del ecosistema. Investigaciones recientes han
demostrado que las redes ecológicas en general presentan estructura de mundo-pequeño, es...
Las redes tróficas son representaciones de interacciones de alimentación entre especies que comparten tiempo y espacio. El proceso de construcción de una red requiere integrar gran cantidad de datos sobre las principales relaciones presa-depredador que se establecen en un ecosistema. La recopilación de las interacciones tróficas para la elaboración...
The long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas, Trail 1809) inhabits the cold temperate waters of both the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean, such that there are two widely-separated, anti-tropical populations. There are slight morphological differences between the two populations and they are accorded subspecies status: G. melas edwardii in t...
Questions
Questions (3)
I am interested in metabolic rates (growth, mortality, respiration, etc) for marine species in high-latitude ecosystems. Any idea if a public repository on this exists?
Hi, I have tried to convert a .csv to a .dat file using Notepad++, but it doesn´t work properly (= all data is saved in one row). Anyone knows how to do this in R? Thanks!
I know it has to be more than one year, but I cannot find a proper reference.
Projects
Projects (7)
CoastCarb is an international Research Network that follows an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the consequences of Climate Change in the Beagle Channel and the coastal Western Antarctic, a region of recent rapid aerial warming.
The CoastCarb Network for Staff Exchange and Training is funded by the Marie Curie Action RISE (Research and Innovation Staff Exchange) of the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union (H2020-MCSA-RISE 872690).
Climate change and intensifying human resource use are causing massive changes to Subantarctic coastal systems and carbon cycling. At the same time, these systems house benthic communities of the highest biomass and biodiversity, which sustain important ecosystem services and require strategic observation and management plans.
The multidisciplinary network CoastCarb joins experts in Subantarctic coastal system ecology and ecological modelling to create a knowledge information system with open access data portal and produce dynamic ecosystem models for fjordic and estuarine environments.
CoastCarb has five specific objectives that will be pursued by five work-packages (WP):
Obj 1 - Data and Information System (DIS): Compile a geo-referenced data information system for Souuth Patagonia (SP) and West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) coastal change, including abiotic environmental factors, disturbance levels, and mapping coastal biosphere (WP1).
Obj 2 - Ecosystem Modelling: Develop a carbon flux model for SP/WAP coastal fjords and estuaries, considering different ecosystem processes such as carbon sequestration (production, coastal runoff fluxes, deposition and burial) and mobilization (bioturbation, remineralization, transport processes) (WP2).
Obj 3 – Species Metrics & Multiple Stressors: Parameterise the response of coastal biosphere (key species, groups, key communities) to environmental change for different focal areas along SP and
the WAP. Identify and fill present data gaps (WP3).
Obj 4 - Ecosystem Change and Carbon Storage: Develop a coastal status classification scheme (dynamic mapping of carbon sink and source areas) (WP4).
Obj 5 - Ecosystem Services, Food Security and Public Engagement: Contribute to the analysis of ecosystem service changes, sustainable management and public engagement (WP5).
Obj 6 - Managment and Ethichs, plus Science Communication (WP6).
www.coastcarb.eu
The main objective of the project is to model the trophic structure of the pelagic and benthic communities of the Namuncurá Marine Protected Area (Argentina), and to gain insight into its functioning and stability considering anthropogenic and climate change perturbations.
Los objetivos del presente estudio son: 1) caracterizar hidroquímicamente la variación en dos sitios de estudio, uno influenciado por las DAS (Dzilam de Bravo) y otro por la surgencia costera (Cabo Catoche), y 2) describir y comparar la respuesta de la comunidad de fitoplancton y zooplancton durante periodos de intensificación de dichos fenómenos oceanográficos.
