Tomáš Gábriš

• Head of Department at Comenius University Bratislava

The growing popularity and expansion of esports have prompted an academic and legal debate, where its classification as either a sport or a form of entertainment remains unclear. This article explores the dual nature of esports, providing an overview of the legal and regulatory challenges it presents. It opens the discussion by addressing the space...

The authors analyse decisions of the Supreme Court of the Czechoslovak Republic regarding the application of the Act on the Protection of the Republic (1923) in cases of disturbing the peace, perceived as manifestations of left-wing radicalism. In addition to the legal-historical analysis of selected representative cases, the authors also address t...

The article responds to the recent evolution in AI judiciary, especially as presented in China. The authors compare the basic methodological background of Western and Eastern legal systems, concluding that the West is rather inclined to post-positivist methodology in law, which seems incompatible with the full use of AI in legal decision-making. In...

The notion of digital sovereignty suggests a need for a reassessment of the traditional notion of sovereignty. However, even in the case of bold libertarian expectations of freedom of cyberspace at its very beginning, the actual practice witnessed rather the traditional legal regulation entering cyberspace. Hence, one could similarly boil digital s...

Some recent views question the concept of sovereignty (especially the sovereignty of states), arguing that sovereignty is to be abandoned as a historical concept, because it existed in the world of the Westphalian system (created after 1648), where states were the major players, centers of power and objects of interest. Instead, we suggest that sov...

The phenomenon of geo-blocking is one of the new challenges of the digital era. Geo-blocking is a modern form of discrimination that differentiates between consumers on the basis of their geographical location. The phenomenon ultimately affects the situation of the citizen concerned and may also constitute an obstacle to the single market. Digital...

Traditionally, the idea of a sovereign is being connected either with an absolutist ruler (later replaced by “the people”) at the national level, or the nation-state at the international level – at least in the conditions of the Westphalian system created in 1648. Today, on the contrary, we are witnessing a “post-” situation in many respects – post...

This chapter is to provide a number of insights into the interface of philosophy of (legal) history and Law & Development movement, challenging the idea of linear historical “progress” in constitutional law and human rights, seemingly approaching some ephemeral final goal of history. Taking general philosophy of history as a starting point, in fact...

Die Geschichte der Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit in der Slowakischen Republik entspricht bis 1918 der Geschichte der Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit des Ungarischen Königreichs in der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie und anschließend bis 1992 der Geschichte der Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit in der Tschechoslowakischen Republik. Besondere Entwicklungen tra...

The aim of this paper is to evaluate and differentiate between the phenomena of cyberwarfare and information warfare, as manifestations of what we perceive as postmodern warfare. We describe and analyse the current examples of the use the postmodern warfare and the reactions of states and international bodies to these phenomena. The subject matter...

Socialist legal theorists claimed they introduced a new paradigm of (criminal) law. To verify or falsify this claim, the article is searching for specificities of socialist criminal law. Out of numerous East-European countries, Czechoslovakia was taken as an example here. There, the new regime in 1948 had already simplified the entire criminal just...

Modern scholarship realizes that statutory law of Árpádian Hungary may not have meant to regulate actual situations, but only to follow general medieval patterns of Christian rulers issuing codes of law. Sources on actual legal practice show a different picture of the practice of conflict resolution and of punishment in comparison with the laws. Th...

Coordination plays an important role in solving complex physical activities which arise during a biathlon race. We determined the level of coordination skills by measuring the time of a simple reaction to visual stimulus at rest by measuring the time response of complex reaction to visual stimuli by measuring the effect of visual-motor coordination...

The European Union is not only an economic project, but also a social and cultural project. Until recently, in sports, only the economic aspect was recognized. However, since December 2009 when the Lisbon Treaty entered into force, an educational and cultural aspect of sports and its specificity was officially recognized. Social aspects of sports w...

The ruling of the European Court of Justice in the Bernard case promulgated on March 16, 2010 has revived the topic of relationship between sports and the EU law. The case concerned the matter of training compensation calculation and its nature as an obstacle for the freedom of movement of workers. In order to accept the obstacle, the ECJ requires...

The conference paper deals with the current debate on the specificity of sports in the international and EU law. Does the specificity play any role in the context of international law – e.g. in the international human rights and labour law? At the EU level, the idea of specificity was explained by the decisions of the Court of Justice of the Europe...

The paper considers the system of sanctions in Hungary during the Arpad period using the sources published by G. Wenzel, the Varadin (Magno Varadinum, Nagy Varad, Oradea) register and collections of written law from the period. By selecting diplomatic material on the basis of identification of key words typical for the solution of conflicts, the au...